{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:53:25Z","timestamp":1792756405043,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary incontinence in juvenile female dogs is often associated with urogenital anatomic anomalies. Study objectives include: (1) determine hospital prevalence of urinary incontinence in juvenile female soft-coated wheaten terriers (SCWTs) compared to other affected dogs; (2) characterize anatomic anomalies affecting urinary incontinent juvenile female SCWTs utilizing uroendoscopy; and (3) compare incidence of ectopic ureters, paramesonephric remnants, and short urethras in juvenile female urinary incontinent SCWTs to other juvenile female dogs with urinary incontinence. We hypothesize juvenile SCWTs have an increased prevalence of urinary incontinence and an increased incidence of ectopic ureters, paramesonephric remnants, and short urethras compared to non-SCWTs with urinary incontinence within our hospital population. Medical records of female dogs 6 mo of age and younger with clinical signs of urinary incontinence and video uroendoscopic evaluation presenting to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2011 were reviewed. Twelve juvenile SCWTs and 107 juvenile non-SCWTs met the inclusion criteria. Juvenile SCWTs were found to have an increased hospital prevalence of urinary incontinence compared to other affected breeds. Observed anomalies in SCWTs include: ectopic ureters, shortened urethras, paramesonephric remnants, and bifid vaginas. This information will help guide veterinarians in recognizing a breed-related disorder of the lower urogenital tract in SCWTs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T15:47:56Z","timestamp":1448466476000},"page":"27-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urinary Incontinence in Juvenile Female Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers: Hospital Prevalence and Anatomic Urogenital Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Callard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Byron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b01","series-title":"Edinburgh (United Kingdom): Saunders;","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. 2nd ed","author":"Blood\n              DC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blood\n              DC, \n            \n              Studdert\n              VP, \n          \n          eds. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary. 2nd ed. Edinburgh (United Kingdom): Saunders;2004:1187."},{"issue":"14","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b02","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"347","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats","volume":"127","author":"Holt\n              PE.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE.\n            \n          \n          Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats. Vet Rec1990;127(14):347\u2013350."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b03","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"716","article-title":"Evaluation of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs","volume":"240","author":"Berent\n              AC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berent\n              AC, \n            \n              Weisse\n              C, \n            \n              Mayhew\n              PD, \n            et al\n          . Evaluation of cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in female dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc2012;240(6):716\u2013726."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b04","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"475","article-title":"Evaluation of transurethral cystoscopy and excretory urography for diagnosis of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 25 cases (1992\u20132000)","volume":"223","author":"Cannizzo\n              KL,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cannizzo\n              KL, \n            \n              McLoughlin\n              MA, \n            \n              Mattoon\n              JS, \n            et al\n          . Evaluation of transurethral cystoscopy and excretory urography for diagnosis of ectopic ureters in female dogs: 25 cases (1992\u20132000). J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;223(4):475\u2013481."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b05","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"181","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: prevalence in referred dogs and retrospective analysis of sixty cases","volume":"26","author":"Holt\n              PE.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE.\n            \n          \n          Urinary incontinence in the bitch due to sphincter mechanism incompetence: prevalence in referred dogs and retrospective analysis of sixty cases. J Small Anim Pract1985;26(4):181\u2013190."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b06","series-title":"Compendium","first-page":"360","article-title":"Surgical views: surgical treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in dogs","volume":"31","author":"McLoughlin\n              MA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"McLoughlin\n              MA, \n            \n              Chew\n              DJ.\n            \n          \n          Surgical views: surgical treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in dogs. Compendium2009;31(8):360\u2013373."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b07","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"995","article-title":"Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990\u20131999)","volume":"221","author":"Crawford\n              JT,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crawford\n              JT, \n            \n              Adams\n              WM.\n            \n          \n          Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990\u20131999). J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221(7):995\u2013999."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b08","series-title":"The Brit Vet J","first-page":"135","article-title":"Developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology of urethral sphincter mechanism in continence in the bitch","volume":"150","author":"Gregory\n              SP.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gregory\n              SP.\n            \n          \n          Developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology of urethral sphincter mechanism in continence in the bitch. The Brit Vet J1994;150(2): 135\u2013150."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b09","series-title":"Research in Vet Sci","first-page":"364","article-title":"Importance of urethral length, bladder neck position and vestibulovaginal stenosis in sphincter mechanism incompetence in the incontinent bitch","volume":"39","author":"Holt\n              PE.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE.\n            \n          \n          Importance of urethral length, bladder neck position and vestibulovaginal stenosis in sphincter mechanism incompetence in the incontinent bitch. Research in Vet Sci1985;39(3):364\u2013372."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"390","article-title":"Ectopic ureters in male dogs: review of 16 clinical cases (1999-2007)","volume":"48","author":"Anders\n              KJ,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anders\n              KJ, \n            \n              McLoughlin\n              MA, \n            \n              Samii\n              VF, \n            et al\n          . Ectopic ureters in male dogs: review of 16 clinical cases (1999-2007). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2012;48(6):390\u2013398."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b11","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"17","article-title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of ectopic ureters","volume":"15","author":"McLoughlin\n              MA,","year":"2000","unstructured":"McLoughlin\n              MA, \n            \n              Chew\n              DJ.\n            \n          \n          Diagnosis and surgical management of ectopic ureters. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract2000;15(1):17\u201324."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b12","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"624","article-title":"Histomorphology of canine urethral sphincter systems, including three-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"67","author":"Stolzenburg\n              JU,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stolzenburg\n              JU, \n            \n              Neuhaus\n              J, \n            \n              Liatsikos\n              EN, \n            et al\n          . Histomorphology of canine urethral sphincter systems, including three-dimensional reconstruction and magnetic resonance imaging. Urology2006;67(3):624\u2013630."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"271","article-title":"Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia","volume":"18","author":"Samii\n              VF,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Samii\n              VF, \n            \n              McLoughlin\n              MA, \n            \n              Mattoon\n              JS, \n            et al\n          . Digital fluoroscopic excretory urography, digital fluoroscopic urethrography, helical computed tomography, and cystoscopy in 24 dogs with suspected ureteral ectopia. J Vet Intern Med2004;18(3):271\u2013281."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"196","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of surgically managed ectopic ureters in 33 dogs","volume":"47","author":"Ho\n              LK,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho\n              LK, \n            \n              Troy\n              GC, \n            \n              Waldron\n              DR.\n            \n          \n          Clinical outcomes of surgically managed ectopic ureters in 33 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2011;47(3):196\u2013202."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b15","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"68","article-title":"Familial Protein Losing Enteropathy and Protein-Losing Nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 Cases (1983\u20131997)","volume":"14","author":"Littman\n              MP,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Littman\n              MP, \n            \n              Dambach\n              DM, \n            \n              Vaden\n              SL, \n            et al\n          . Familial Protein Losing Enteropathy and Protein-Losing Nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 Cases (1983\u20131997). J Vet Intern Med2000;14(1):68\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b16","series-title":"Philadelphia: Saunders;","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery. 3rd ed","author":"Slatter\n              DH.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slatter\n              DH.\n            \n          \n          Textbook of small animal surgery. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders;2003:1503."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b17","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"57","article-title":"Double vagina with perineal agenesis in a bitch","volume":"101","author":"Capel-Edwards\n              K.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Capel-Edwards\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Double vagina with perineal agenesis in a bitch. Vet Rec1977;101(3):57."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Congenital Ureteral Ectopia in Continent and Incontinent-Related Entlebucher Mountain Dogs: 13 Cases (2006\u20132009)","volume":"24","author":"North\n              C,","year":"2010","unstructured":"North\n              C, \n            \n              Kruger\n              JM, \n            \n              Venta\n              PJ, \n            et al\n          . Congenital Ureteral Ectopia in Continent and Incontinent-Related Entlebucher Mountain Dogs: 13 Cases (2006\u20132009). J Vet Intern Med2010;24(5):1055\u20131062."},{"issue":"19","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b19","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"561","article-title":"Breed predisposition to ureteral ectopia in bitches in the UK","volume":"146","author":"Holt\n              PE,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE, \n            \n              Thrusfield\n              MV, \n            \n              Moore\n              AH.\n            \n          \n          Breed predisposition to ureteral ectopia in bitches in the UK. Vet Rec2000;146(19):561."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b20","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"335","article-title":"Bilateral ureteral ectopia with urinary incontinence in a mother and daughter","volume":"98","author":"Deweerd\n              JH,","year":"1967","unstructured":"Deweerd\n              JH, \n            \n              Feeney\n              DP.\n            \n          \n          Bilateral ureteral ectopia with urinary incontinence in a mother and daughter. J Urol1967;98(3):335\u2013337."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b21","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"476","article-title":"Varying degrees of ureteral ectopia and duplication in 5 siblings","volume":"110","author":"Musselman\n              BC,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Musselman\n              BC, \n            \n              Barry\n              JJ.\n            \n          \n          Varying degrees of ureteral ectopia and duplication in 5 siblings. J Urol1973;110(4):476\u2013477."},{"key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b22","series-title":"Golden Retriever Ectopic Ureter DNA Project","author":"Guth\n              S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guth\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Golden Retriever Ectopic Ureter DNA Project. Available at: www.greudna.org. Accessed September 23, 2015."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b23","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"389","article-title":"Comparison of two surgical techniques for management of intramural ureteral ectopia in dogs: 36 cases (1994\u20132004)","volume":"229","author":"Mayhew\n              PD,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mayhew\n              PD, \n            \n              Lee\n              KC, \n            \n              Gregory\n              SP, \n            et al\n          . Comparison of two surgical techniques for management of intramural ureteral ectopia in dogs: 36 cases (1994\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229(3):389\u2013393."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b24","series-title":"Acta Anatomica","first-page":"197","article-title":"and stereology of the female canine urethra correlated with the urethral pressure profile","volume":"148","author":"Augsburger\n              HR,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Augsburger\n              HR, \n            \n              Cruz-Orive\n              LM, \n            \n              Arnold S.\n              Morphology\n            \n          \n          and stereology of the female canine urethra correlated with the urethral pressure profile. Acta Anatomica1993;148(4):197\u2013205."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b25","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"437","article-title":"In vitro study of the significance of bladder neck position in incontinent bitches","volume":"146","author":"Holt\n              PE,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holt\n              PE, \n            \n              Jones\n              A.\n            \n          \n          In vitro study of the significance of bladder neck position in incontinent bitches. Vet Rec2000;146(15):437\u2013439."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b26","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Evaluation of results of preoperative urodynamic measurements in nine dogs with ectopic ureters","volume":"206","author":"Lane\n              IF,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lane\n              IF, \n            \n              Lappin\n              MR, \n            \n              Seim\n              HB.\n            \n          \n          Evaluation of results of preoperative urodynamic measurements in nine dogs with ectopic ureters. J Am Vet Med Assoc1995;206(9):1348\u20131357."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-1-27-b27","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"726","article-title":"Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs","volume":"66","author":"Wang\n              KY,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang\n              KY, \n            \n              Samii\n              VF, \n            \n              Chew\n              DJ, \n            et al\n          . Vestibular, vaginal and urethral relationships in spayed and intact normal dogs. Theriogenology2006;66(4):726\u2013735."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/52\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/52\/1\/27\/2221307\/jaaha-ms-6220.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/52\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/52\/1\/article-p27.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1763740927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/52\/1\/article-p27.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6220","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}