{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:33Z","timestamp":1772327013110,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 2 mo old golden retriever presented with malformation of the left thoracic limb and a small circular indentation of the skin in the cranial thoracic spine. Radiographs showed a cleft between the second and fifth metacarpal bones of the left thoracic limb compatible with ectrodactyly and spina bifida affecting T4 and T5 vertebrae. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed dorsal reposition of the spinal cord and a tract connecting from the dura mater to the skin. No other malformations were detected. Surgical excision of the tract was performed and histopathological examination diagnosed a dermoid sinus type IV. Dermoid sinus and spina bifida are well-recognized congenital spinal and spinal cord defects, yet association with other congenital malformation are rarely reported in dogs. The here-reported dog had spinal and spinal cord abnormalities with concurrent limb malformation, which are two components of a nonrandom association of birth defects described as VACTERL in people. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing concurrent dermoid sinus type IV, spina bifida, and ectrodactyly in a dog, and highlights the importance of patient examination for occurrence of multiple malformations to provide an appropriate prognosis for an owner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1510582884000},"page":"60-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Congenital Malformations Resembling VACTERL Association in a Golden Retriever"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Araceli","family":"Gamito-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Gutierrez-Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Wessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Teaching Veterinary Hospital University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain (A.G.-G.); School of Veterinary Medicine College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.G-G., R.G-Q., A.W.); Hospital Veterinario Guadiamar, Sevilla, Spain (A.G-G.); and Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, United Kingdom (A.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"bib1","series-title":"Pediatr Surg Int","first-page":"725","article-title":"Familial occurrence of the VATER\/VACTERL association","volume":"28","author":"Hilger\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hilger\n              A\n            , SchrammC, DraakenM, et al. Familial occurrence of the VATER\/VACTERL association. Pediatr Surg Int2012;28(7):725\u20139."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"564","article-title":"Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities","volume":"5","author":"Kaplan\n              KM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaplan\n              KM\n            , SpivakJM, BendoJA. Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities. Spine J2005;5(5):564\u201376."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"951","article-title":"Congenital spinal malformations in small animals","volume":"40","author":"Westworth\n              DR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Westworth\n              DR\n            , SturgesBK. Congenital spinal malformations in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2010;40(5):951\u201381."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"777","article-title":"VACTERL association in a cat","volume":"152A","author":"Moura\n              E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moura\n              E\n            , CirioSM, VillanovaJAJr. VACTERL association in a cat. Am J Med Genet A2010;152A(3):777\u201380."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bilateral ectrodactyly and spinal deformation in a mixed-breed dog","volume":"52","author":"Carvallo\n              FR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carvallo\n              FR\n            , Dom\u00ednguezAS, MoralesPC. Bilateral ectrodactyly and spinal deformation in a mixed-breed dog. Can Vet J2011;52(1):47\u20139."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"471","article-title":"Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification","volume":"42","author":"Tortori-Donati\n              P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tortori-Donati\n              P\n            , RossiA, CamaA. Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification. Neuroradiology2000;42:471\u201391."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL","volume":"6","author":"O'Neill\n              BR","year":"2010","unstructured":"O'Neill\n              BR\n            , YuAK, Tyler-KabaraEC. Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL. J Neurosurg Pediatr2010;6(2):177\u201382."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"319","article-title":"Dermoid sinus and spina bifida in three dogs and a cat","volume":"52","author":"Kiviranta\n              AM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiviranta\n              AM\n            , LappalainenAK, HagnerK, et al. Dermoid sinus and spina bifida in three dogs and a cat. J Small Anim Pract2011;52(6):319\u201324."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"127","article-title":"Dermoid sinus type IV associated with spina bifida in a young Victorian bulldog","volume":"170","author":"Motta\n              L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Motta\n              L\n            , SkerrittG, DenkD, et al. Dermoid sinus type IV associated with spina bifida in a young Victorian bulldog. Vet Rec2012;170(5):127."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"514","article-title":"Dermoid sinus in a golden retriever","volume":"42","author":"Cornegliani\n              L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornegliani\n              L\n            , JommiE, VercelliA. Dermoid sinus in a golden retriever. J Small Anim Pract2001;42(10):514\u20136."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"295","article-title":"Dermoid sinuses: description, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Miller\n              L","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller\n              L\n            , TobiasK. Dermoid sinuses: description, diagnosis, and treatment. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet2003;25:295\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"303","article-title":"Nasal dermoid sinus cysts in the dog","volume":"31","author":"Anderson\n              DM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson\n              DM\n            , WhiteRA. Nasal dermoid sinus cysts in the dog. Vet Surg2002;31(4):303\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"23","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog","volume":"40","author":"Targett\n              MP","year":"1999","unstructured":"Targett\n              MP\n            , McInnesE, DennisR. Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1999;40(1):23\u20136."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis","first-page":"56","article-title":"VACTERL\/VATER Association","volume":"6","author":"Solomon\n              BD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solomon\n              BD\n            \n          . VACTERL\/VATER Association. Orphanet J Rare Dis2011;6:56."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Mol Syndromol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Considering the Embryopathogenesis of VACTERL Association","volume":"4","author":"Stevenson\n              RE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevenson\n              RE\n            , HunterAGW. Considering the Embryopathogenesis of VACTERL Association. Mol Syndromol2013;4:7\u201315."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"529","article-title":"VACTERL Association, epidemiologic definition and delineation","volume":"63","author":"Rittler\n              M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rittler\n              M\n            , PazJE, CastillaEE. VACTERL Association, epidemiologic definition and delineation. Am J Med Genet1996;63:529\u201336."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Eur J Med Genet.","first-page":"34","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of adults with features of VACTERL association","volume":"54","author":"Raam\n              MS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raam\n              MS\n            , Pineda-AlvarezDE, HadleyDW, et al. Long-term outcomes of adults with features of VACTERL association. Eur J Med Genet.2011;54(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"107","article-title":"Bilateral parieto-occipital dermoid sinuses in a Rottweiler","volume":"48","author":"Bornard\n              N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bornard\n              N\n            , PinD, CarozzoC. Bilateral parieto-occipital dermoid sinuses in a Rottweiler. J Small Anim Pract2007;48(2):107\u201310."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib1","series-title":"Pediatr Surg Int","first-page":"725","article-title":"Familial occurrence of the VATER\/VACTERL association","volume":"28","author":"Hilger\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hilger\n              A\n            , SchrammC, DraakenM, et al. Familial occurrence of the VATER\/VACTERL association. Pediatr Surg Int2012;28(7):725\u20139."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"564","article-title":"Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities","volume":"5","author":"Kaplan\n              KM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaplan\n              KM\n            , SpivakJM, BendoJA. Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities. Spine J2005;5(5):564\u201376."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib3","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"951","article-title":"Congenital spinal malformations in small animals","volume":"40","author":"Westworth\n              DR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Westworth\n              DR\n            , SturgesBK. Congenital spinal malformations in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2010;40(5):951\u201381."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4","series-title":"Am J Med Genet A","first-page":"777","article-title":"VACTERL association in a cat","volume":"152A","author":"Moura\n              E","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moura\n              E\n            , CirioSM, VillanovaJAJr. VACTERL association in a cat. Am J Med Genet A2010;152A(3):777\u201380."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"47","article-title":"Bilateral ectrodactyly and spinal deformation in a mixed-breed dog","volume":"52","author":"Carvallo\n              FR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carvallo\n              FR\n            , Dom\u00ednguezAS, MoralesPC. Bilateral ectrodactyly and spinal deformation in a mixed-breed dog. Can Vet J2011;52(1):47\u20139."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"471","article-title":"Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification","volume":"42","author":"Tortori-Donati\n              P","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tortori-Donati\n              P\n            , RossiA, CamaA. Spinal dysraphism: a review of neuroradiological features with embryological correlations and proposal for a new classification. Neuroradiology2000;42:471\u201391."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL","volume":"6","author":"O'Neill\n              BR","year":"2010","unstructured":"O'Neill\n              BR\n            , YuAK, Tyler-KabaraEC. Prevalence of tethered spinal cord in infants with VACTERL. J Neurosurg Pediatr2010;6(2):177\u201382."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib8","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"319","article-title":"Dermoid sinus and spina bifida in three dogs and a cat","volume":"52","author":"Kiviranta\n              AM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiviranta\n              AM\n            , LappalainenAK, HagnerK, et al. Dermoid sinus and spina bifida in three dogs and a cat. J Small Anim Pract2011;52(6):319\u201324."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"127","article-title":"Dermoid sinus type IV associated with spina bifida in a young Victorian bulldog","volume":"170","author":"Motta\n              L","year":"2012","unstructured":"Motta\n              L\n            , SkerrittG, DenkD, et al. Dermoid sinus type IV associated with spina bifida in a young Victorian bulldog. Vet Rec2012;170(5):127."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib10","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"514","article-title":"Dermoid sinus in a golden retriever","volume":"42","author":"Cornegliani\n              L","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cornegliani\n              L\n            , JommiE, VercelliA. Dermoid sinus in a golden retriever. J Small Anim Pract2001;42(10):514\u20136."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"295","article-title":"Dermoid sinuses: description, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Miller\n              L","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miller\n              L\n            , TobiasK. Dermoid sinuses: description, diagnosis, and treatment. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet2003;25:295\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"303","article-title":"Nasal dermoid sinus cysts in the dog","volume":"31","author":"Anderson\n              DM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson\n              DM\n            , WhiteRA. Nasal dermoid sinus cysts in the dog. Vet Surg2002;31(4):303\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"23","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog","volume":"40","author":"Targett\n              MP","year":"1999","unstructured":"Targett\n              MP\n            , McInnesE, DennisR. Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1999;40(1):23\u20136."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis","first-page":"56","article-title":"VACTERL\/VATER Association","volume":"6","author":"Solomon\n              BD","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solomon\n              BD\n            \n          . VACTERL\/VATER Association. Orphanet J Rare Dis2011;6:56."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Mol Syndromol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Considering the Embryopathogenesis of VACTERL Association","volume":"4","author":"Stevenson\n              RE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevenson\n              RE\n            , HunterAGW. Considering the Embryopathogenesis of VACTERL Association. Mol Syndromol2013;4:7\u201315."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Med Genet","first-page":"529","article-title":"VACTERL Association, epidemiologic definition and delineation","volume":"63","author":"Rittler\n              M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rittler\n              M\n            , PazJE, CastillaEE. VACTERL Association, epidemiologic definition and delineation. Am J Med Genet1996;63:529\u201336."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17","series-title":"Eur J Med Genet.","first-page":"34","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of adults with features of VACTERL association","volume":"54","author":"Raam\n              MS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raam\n              MS\n            , Pineda-AlvarezDE, HadleyDW, et al. Long-term outcomes of adults with features of VACTERL association. Eur J Med Genet.2011;54(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"107","article-title":"Bilateral parieto-occipital dermoid sinuses in a Rottweiler","volume":"48","author":"Bornard\n              N","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bornard\n              N\n            , PinD, CarozzoC. Bilateral parieto-occipital dermoid sinuses in a Rottweiler. 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