{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:12Z","timestamp":1787031852794,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Previous studies have evaluated cellular proliferation indices, KIT expression, and\n                    <jats:italic>c-kit<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations to predict the clinical behavior of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). The study purpose was to retrospectively compare mitotic index, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs)\/nucleus, Ki-67 index, KIT labeling pattern, and internal tandem duplication mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>c-KIT<\/jats:italic>\n                    between stage I and stage II grade II MCTs. Medical records and tumor biopsy samples from dogs with Grade II MCTs with cytological or histopathological regional lymph node evaluation were included. Signalment, tumor location and stage, and presence of a recurrent versus de novo tumor were recorded. Mitotic index, AgNORs\/nucleus, Ki-67, KIT staining pattern, and internal tandem duplication mutations in exon 11 of\n                    <jats:italic>c-KIT<\/jats:italic>\n                    were evaluated. Sixty-six tumors (51 stage I; 15 stage II) were included. Only AgNORs\/nucleus and recurrent tumors were significantly associated with stage (odds ratio 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0\u20138.0,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .049; odds ratio 8.8, 95% CI 1.1\u201369.5;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .039). Receiver-operator characteristic analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of AgNORs\/cell \u2265 1.87 were 93.3% and 27.4%, respectively, (area under the curve: 0.65) for predicting stage. Recurrent tumors and higher AgNORs\/nucleus are associated with stage II grade II MCTs; however, an AgNOR cutoff value that reliably predicts lymph node metastasis was not determined.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T16:58:55Z","timestamp":1502297935000},"page":"258-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigating Associations Between Proliferation Indices, C-kit, and Lymph Node Stage in Canine Mast Cell Tumors"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Erika Lauren","family":"Krick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Kiupel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuddow","family":"Thaiwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy C.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin U.","family":"Sorenmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Veterinary Medicine (E.L.K.), Department of Pathobiology (A.C.D.), and Department of Clinical Studies (D.C.B., K.U.S.), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigations, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (M.K.), and the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program (T.T.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs","volume":"1","author":"Patnaik\n              AK","year":"1984","unstructured":"Patnaik\n              AK\n            , EhlerWJ, MacEwenE. G. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs. Vet Pathol1984;1:469\u201374."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"743","article-title":"Relationships between the histological grade of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection","volume":"154","author":"Murphy\n              S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murphy\n              S\n            , SparkesAH, SmithKC, et al. Relationships between the histological grade of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection. Vet Rec2004;154:743\u20136."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"245","article-title":"Variation among pathologists in histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"17","author":"Northrup\n              NC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Northrup\n              NC\n            , HarmonBG, GiegerTL, et al. Variation among pathologists in histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. J Vet Diagn Invest2005;17:245\u20138."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"561","article-title":"Variation among pathologists in the histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with uniform use of a single grading reference","volume":"17","author":"Northrup\n              NC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Northrup\n              NC\n            , HowerthEW, HarmonBG, et al. Variation among pathologists in the histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with uniform use of a single grading reference. J Vet Diagn Invest2005;17:561\u20134."},{"key":"bib5","first-page":"335","article-title":"Mast cell tumors","author":"London\n              CA","year":"2013","unstructured":"London\n              CA\n            , ThammDH. Mast cell tumors. In: WithrowSJ, VailDM, PageRL, eds. Withrow & MacEwan\u2019s Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2013:335\u201355."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"147","article-title":"Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior","volume":"48","author":"Kiupel\n              M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiupel\n              M\n            , WebsterJD, BaileyKL, et al. Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior. Vet Pathol2011;48:147\u201355."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"915","article-title":"Nucleolar organizer regions as indicators of post-surgical prognosis in canine spontaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"59","author":"Bostock\n              DE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bostock\n              DE\n            , CrockerD, HarrisK, et al. Nucleolar organizer regions as indicators of post-surgical prognosis in canine spontaneous mast cell tumors. Br J Cancer1989;59:915\u20138."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"637","article-title":"Prognosis of canine mast cell tumors: a comparison of three methods","volume":"31","author":"Simoes\n              JPC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Simoes\n              JPC\n            , SchoningP, ButineM. Prognosis of canine mast cell tumors: a comparison of three methods. Vet Pathol1994;31:637\u201347."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs","volume":"215","author":"Abadie\n              JJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abadie\n              JJ\n            , AmardeilhMA, DelverdierME. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1999;215:1629\u201334."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"298","article-title":"Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication","volume":"44","author":"Webster\n              JD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webster\n              JD\n            , Yuzbasiyan-GurkanV, MillerRA, et al. Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication. Vet Pathol2007;44:298\u201308."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"151","article-title":"Canine mast cell tumors: correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Scase\n              TJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scase\n              TJ\n            , EdwardsD, MillerJ, et al. Canine mast cell tumors: correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis. J Vet Intern Med2006;20;151\u20138."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II cutaneous mast cell tumor","volume":"69","author":"Ozaki\n              K","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozaki\n              K\n            , YamagamiT, NomuraK, et al. Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II cutaneous mast cell tumor. J Vet Med Sci2007;69:1117\u201321."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prognostic value of intratumoral vessel density in cutaneous mast cell tumours of the dog","volume":"130","author":"Preziosi\n              R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preziosi\n              R\n            , SarliG, PaltrinieriM. Prognostic value of intratumoral vessel density in cutaneous mast cell tumours of the dog. J Comp Pathol2004;130:143\u201351."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"335","article-title":"Mitotic index is predictive for survival for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"44","author":"Romansik\n              EM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Romansik\n              EM\n            , ReillyCM, KassPH, et al. Mitotic index is predictive for survival for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Pathol2007;44:335\u201341."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"371","article-title":"The use of KIT and tryptase expression patterns as prognostic tools for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"41","author":"Kiupel\n              M","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kiupel\n              M\n            , WebsterJD, KaneeneJB, et al. The use of KIT and tryptase expression patterns as prognostic tools for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Vet Pathol2004;41:371\u20137."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Neoplasia","first-page":"104","article-title":"The role of c-KIT in tumorigenesis: evaluation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"8","author":"Webster\n              JD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Webster\n              JD\n            , Yuzbasiyan-GurkanV, KaneeneJB, et al. The role of c-KIT in tumorigenesis: evaluation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. Neoplasia2006;8:104\u201311."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Micron","first-page":"117","article-title":"The AgNORs","volume":"31","author":"Derenzini\n              M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Derenzini\n              M\n            \n          . The AgNORs. Micron2000;31:117\u201320."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"J Immunology","first-page":"1710","article-title":"Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67","volume":"133","author":"Gerdes\n              J","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gerdes\n              J\n            , LemkeH, BaischH, et al. Cell cycle analysis of a cell proliferation-associated human nuclear antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody Ki-67. J Immunology1984;133:1710\u20135."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"J Cell Physiol","first-page":"311","article-title":"The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown","volume":"182","author":"Scholzen\n              T","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scholzen\n              T\n            , GerdesJ. The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown. J Cell Physiol2000;182:311\u201322."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"933","article-title":"Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002)","volume":"20","author":"Seguin\n              B","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seguin\n              B\n            , BesanconMF, McCallanJL, et al. Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002). J Vet Intern Med2006;20:933\u201340."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"136","author":"Newman\n              SJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Newman\n              SJ\n            , MrkonjichL, WalkerKK, et al. Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: diagnosis and prognosis. J Comp Pathol2007;136:231\u20139."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"169","article-title":"Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors: cellular proliferation and KIT expression as prognostic indices","volume":"48","author":"Thompson\n              JJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson\n              JJ\n            , YagerJA, BestSJ, et al. Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors: cellular proliferation and KIT expression as prognostic indices. Vet Pathol2011;48:169\u201381."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1718","article-title":"Prevalence and importance of internal tandem duplications in exons 11 and 12 of c-KIT in mast cell tumors of dogs","volume":"63","author":"Downing\n              S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Downing\n              S\n            , ChienMB, KassPH, et al. Prevalence and importance of internal tandem duplications in exons 11 and 12 of c-KIT in mast cell tumors of dogs. Am J Vet Res2002;63:1718\u201323."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"529","article-title":"(2002) Mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of c-KIT are associated with higher grade mast cell tumors in dogs","volume":"39","author":"Zemke\n              D","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zemke\n              D\n            , YaminiB, Yuzbasiyan-GurkanV. (2002) Mutations in the juxtamembrane domain of c-KIT are associated with higher grade mast cell tumors in dogs. Vet Pathol2002;39:529\u201335."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"385","article-title":"A study of mutations in the c-kit gene of 32 dogs with mastocytoma","volume":"17","author":"Riva\n              F","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riva\n              F\n            , BrizzolaS, StefanelloD, et al. A study of mutations in the c-kit gene of 32 dogs with mastocytoma. J Vet Diagn Invest2005;17:385\u20138."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evaluation of prognostic markers for canine mast cell tumors treated with vinblastine and prednisone","volume":"4","author":"Webster\n              JD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Webster\n              JD\n            , Yuzbasiyan-GurkanV, ThammDH, et al. Evaluation of prognostic markers for canine mast cell tumors treated with vinblastine and prednisone. BMC Vet Res2008;4:32 doi:10.1186\/1746-6148-4-32."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"156","article-title":"Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: characterization and prognostic indices","volume":"48","author":"Thompson\n              JJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thompson\n              JJ\n            , PearlDL, YagerJA, et al. Canine subcutaneous mast cell tumor: characterization and prognostic indices. Vet Pathol2011;48:156\u201368."},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"130","article-title":"Cytological lymph node evaluation in dogs with mast cell tumors: association with grade and survival","volume":"7","author":"Krick\n              E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krick\n              E\n            , BillingsA, ShoferF, et al. Cytological lymph node evaluation in dogs with mast cell tumors: association with grade and survival. Vet Comp Oncol2009;7:130\u20138."},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"23","article-title":"Principles and practical application of the receiver operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic tests","volume":"45","author":"Greiner\n              M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greiner\n              M\n            , PfeifferD, SmithR. Principles and practical application of the receiver operating characteristic analysis for diagnostic tests. Prev Vet Med2000;45:23\u201341."},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"57","article-title":"Radiation therapy for incompletely resected canine mast cell tumors","volume":"39","author":"LaDue\n              T","year":"1998","unstructured":"LaDue\n              T\n            , PriceGS, DodgeR, et al. Radiation therapy for incompletely resected canine mast cell tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1998;39:57\u201362."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"491","article-title":"Prednisone and vinblastine chemotherapy for canine mast cell tumor \u2013 41 cases (1992-1997)","volume":"13","author":"Thamm\n              DH","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thamm\n              DH\n            , MauldinEA, VailDM. Prednisone and vinblastine chemotherapy for canine mast cell tumor \u2013 41 cases (1992-1997). 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Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:401\u20138."},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1368","article-title":"Outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors in the inguinal or perineal region versus other cutaneous locations: 124 cases (1990-2001)","volume":"226","author":"Sfiligoi\n              G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sfiligoi\n              G\n            , RassnickKM, ScarlettJM, et al. Outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors in the inguinal or perineal region versus other cutaneous locations: 124 cases (1990-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:1368\u201374."},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"581","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic factors following adjuvant prednisone\/vinblastine chemotherapy for high-risk canine mast cell tumour: 61 cases","volume":"68","author":"Thamm\n              DH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thamm\n              DH\n            , TurekMM, VailDM. Outcome and prognostic factors following adjuvant prednisone\/vinblastine chemotherapy for high-risk canine mast cell tumour: 61 cases. J Vet Med Sci2006;68:581\u20137."},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound 202","first-page":"392","article-title":"Results of radiation therapy in 19 dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor and regional lymph node metastasis","volume":"43","author":"Chaffin\n              K","unstructured":"Chaffin\n              K\n            , ThrallDE. Results of radiation therapy in 19 dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumor and regional lymph node metastasis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 202;43:392\u20135."},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"37","article-title":"Outcomes of dogs with grade 3 mast cell tumors: 43 cases (1997-2007)","volume":"47","author":"Hume\n              CT","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hume\n              CT\n            , KiupelM, RigattiL, et al. Outcomes of dogs with grade 3 mast cell tumors: 43 cases (1997-2007). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2011;47:37\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Incorporation of sentinel lymph node mapping in dogs with mast cell tumours: 20 consecutive procedures","volume":"12","author":"Worley\n              DR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Worley\n              DR\n            \n          . Incorporation of sentinel lymph node mapping in dogs with mast cell tumours: 20 consecutive procedures. Vet Comp Oncol2014;12(3):215\u201326."},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis in dogs and cats with solid tumors","volume":"218","author":"Langenbach\n              A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Langenbach\n              A\n            , McManusPM, HendrickMJ, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of methods of assessing the regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis in dogs and cats with solid tumors. J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1424\u20138."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs","volume":"1","author":"Patnaik\n              AK","year":"1984","unstructured":"Patnaik\n              AK\n            , EhlerWJ, MacEwenE. G. Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor: morphologic grading and survival time in 83 dogs. Vet Pathol1984;1:469\u201374."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"743","article-title":"Relationships between the histological grade of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection","volume":"154","author":"Murphy\n              S","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murphy\n              S\n            , SparkesAH, SmithKC, et al. Relationships between the histological grade of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs, their survival and the efficacy of surgical resection. Vet Rec2004;154:743\u20136."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"245","article-title":"Variation among pathologists in histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"17","author":"Northrup\n              NC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Northrup\n              NC\n            , HarmonBG, GiegerTL, et al. Variation among pathologists in histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. J Vet Diagn Invest2005;17:245\u20138."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"561","article-title":"Variation among pathologists in the histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with uniform use of a single grading reference","volume":"17","author":"Northrup\n              NC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Northrup\n              NC\n            , HowerthEW, HarmonBG, et al. Variation among pathologists in the histologic grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors with uniform use of a single grading reference. J Vet Diagn Invest2005;17:561\u20134."},{"key":"bib5","first-page":"335","article-title":"Mast cell tumors","author":"London\n              CA","year":"2013","unstructured":"London\n              CA\n            , ThammDH. Mast cell tumors. In: WithrowSJ, VailDM, PageRL, eds. Withrow & MacEwan\u2019s Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier, 2013:335\u201355."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"147","article-title":"Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior","volume":"48","author":"Kiupel\n              M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kiupel\n              M\n            , WebsterJD, BaileyKL, et al. Proposal of a 2-tier histologic grading system for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors to more accurately predict biological behavior. Vet Pathol2011;48:147\u201355."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Br J Cancer","first-page":"915","article-title":"Nucleolar organizer regions as indicators of post-surgical prognosis in canine spontaneous mast cell tumors","volume":"59","author":"Bostock\n              DE","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bostock\n              DE\n            , CrockerD, HarrisK, et al. Nucleolar organizer regions as indicators of post-surgical prognosis in canine spontaneous mast cell tumors. Br J Cancer1989;59:915\u20138."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"637","article-title":"Prognosis of canine mast cell tumors: a comparison of three methods","volume":"31","author":"Simoes\n              JPC","year":"1994","unstructured":"Simoes\n              JPC\n            , SchoningP, ButineM. Prognosis of canine mast cell tumors: a comparison of three methods. Vet Pathol1994;31:637\u201347."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1629","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs","volume":"215","author":"Abadie\n              JJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Abadie\n              JJ\n            , AmardeilhMA, DelverdierME. Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in mast cell tumors from dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1999;215:1629\u201334."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"298","article-title":"Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication","volume":"44","author":"Webster\n              JD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webster\n              JD\n            , Yuzbasiyan-GurkanV, MillerRA, et al. Cellular proliferation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors: associations with c-KIT and its role in prognostication. Vet Pathol2007;44:298\u201308."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"151","article-title":"Canine mast cell tumors: correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Scase\n              TJ","year":"2006","unstructured":"Scase\n              TJ\n            , EdwardsD, MillerJ, et al. Canine mast cell tumors: correlation of apoptosis and proliferation markers with prognosis. J Vet Intern Med2006;20;151\u20138."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II cutaneous mast cell tumor","volume":"69","author":"Ozaki\n              K","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ozaki\n              K\n            , YamagamiT, NomuraK, et al. Prognostic significance of surgical margin, Ki-67, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in grade II cutaneous mast cell tumor. J Vet Med Sci2007;69:1117\u201321."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"143","article-title":"Prognostic value of intratumoral vessel density in cutaneous mast cell tumours of the dog","volume":"130","author":"Preziosi\n              R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Preziosi\n              R\n            , SarliG, PaltrinieriM. Prognostic value of intratumoral vessel density in cutaneous mast cell tumours of the dog. 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