{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:50:31Z","timestamp":1763747431825,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"abstract":"<jats:title\/>\n                  <jats:p>An English springer spaniel was presented for right-sided atrophy of the muscles of mastication, analgesia and paralysis of the face, and vestibular dysfunction. Neurological signs were consistent with a lesion involving the pons and rostral medulla resulting in deficits in the function of the trigeminal, facial, and vestibular nerves. MRI disclosed a right-sided extraparenchymal mass consistent with a trigeminal nerve sheath neoplasm that was compressing and invading the pons and medulla. Atrophy of the muscles of mastication, innervated by the trigeminal nerve, was also observed on MRI. Additionally, effusion was present in the ipsilateral tympanic cavity. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the right tensor veli palatini muscle (TVPM) was consistent with neurogenic atrophy. Effusion in the tympanic cavity was likely the result of an inability to open the auditory tube as a consequence of paralysis of the TVPM. Without the ability to open the auditory tube, gases present within the auditory tube and tympanic cavity may be absorbed, creating a negative pressure environment that leads to fluid transudation and effusion build up. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to document neurogenic atrophy of the TVPM with concurrent effusion in the ipsilateral tympanic cavity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T14:49:10Z","timestamp":1446648550000},"page":"424-428","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Denervation of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle and Effusion in the Tympanic Cavity"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Kent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren R.","family":"Talarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric N.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"de Lahunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison C.","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA (M.K., S.R.P., A.C.H.); VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA (L.R.T.); Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.dL.); and Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ (E.N.G.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b01","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"19","article-title":"Clinical features of trigeminal nerve-sheath tumor in 10 dogs","volume":"34","author":"Bagley\n              RS,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bagley\n              RS, \n            \n              Wheeler\n              SJ, \n            \n              Klopp\n              L, \n            et al\n          . Clinical features of trigeminal nerve-sheath tumor in 10 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1998;34:19\u201325."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b02","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"57","article-title":"Acute bilateral trigeminal neuropathy associated with nervous system lymphosarcoma in a dog","volume":"36","author":"Pfaff\n              AM,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pfaff\n              AM, \n            \n              March\n              PA, \n            \n              Fishman\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Acute bilateral trigeminal neuropathy associated with nervous system lymphosarcoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2000;36:57\u201361."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b03","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"262","article-title":"Trigeminal neuropathy in dogs: a retrospective study of 29 cases (1991\u20132000)","volume":"38","author":"Mayhew\n              PD,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mayhew\n              PD, \n            \n              Bush\n              WW, \n            \n              Glass\n              EN.\n            \n          \n          Trigeminal neuropathy in dogs: a retrospective study of 29 cases (1991\u20132000). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2002;38:262\u2013270."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b04","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pontine infarction in a dog with unilateral involvement of the trigeminal motor nucleus and pyramidal tract","volume":"48","author":"Palmer\n              AC.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palmer\n              AC.\n            \n          \n          Pontine infarction in a dog with unilateral involvement of the trigeminal motor nucleus and pyramidal tract. J Small Anim Pract2007;48:49\u201352."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b05","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"101","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of acquired trigeminal nerve disorders in six dogs","volume":"48","author":"Schultz\n              RM,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schultz\n              RM, \n            \n              Tucker\n              RL, \n            \n              Gavin\n              PR, \n            et al\n          . Magnetic resonance imaging of acquired trigeminal nerve disorders in six dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2007;48:101\u2013104."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b06","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"221","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the canine ear","volume":"21","author":"Cole\n              LK.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cole\n              LK.\n            \n          \n          Anatomy and physiology of the canine ear. Vet Dermatol2010;21:221\u2013231."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b07","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1153","article-title":"Prevalence of effusion in the tympanic cavity in dogs with dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve: 18 cases (2004\u20132013)","volume":"27","author":"Kent\n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kent\n              M, \n            \n              Glass\n              EN, \n            \n              de Lahunta\n              A, \n            et al\n          . Prevalence of effusion in the tympanic cavity in dogs with dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve: 18 cases (2004\u20132013). J Vet Intern Med2013;27:1153\u20131158."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b08","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"149","article-title":"Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs","volume":"45","author":"Owen\n              MC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Owen\n              MC, \n            \n              Lamb\n              CR, \n            \n              Lu\n              D, \n            et al\n          . Material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance imaging for investigation of neurologic signs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2004;45:149\u2013155."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b09","series-title":"Veterinary Neuropathology","first-page":"402","article-title":"Diseases of the peripheral nervous system","author":"Summers\n              BA,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Summers\n              BA, \n            \n              Cummings\n              JF, \n            \n              de Lahunta\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Diseases of the peripheral nervous system. In: SummersB A, CummingsJ F, de LahuntaA, eds. Veterinary Neuropathology. Philadelphia: Mosby;1995:402\u2013501."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b10","series-title":"Veterinary Neuropathology: Essentials of theory and practice","first-page":"129","article-title":"Neoplasia","author":"Vandevelde\n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vandevelde\n              M, \n            \n              Higgins\n              R, \n            \n              Oevermann\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Neoplasia. In: VandeveldeM, HigginsR, OevermannA, eds. Veterinary Neuropathology: Essentials of theory and practice. Ames (IA): Wiley, 2012:129\u2013156."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b11","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"704","article-title":"Effect of tensor veli palatini muscle paralysis on eustachian tube mechanics","volume":"112","author":"Ghadiali\n              SN,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ghadiali\n              SN, \n            \n              Swarts\n              JD, \n            \n              Doyle\n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          Effect of tensor veli palatini muscle paralysis on eustachian tube mechanics. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol2003;112:704\u2013711."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b12","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"997","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of eustachian tube and middle ear related to otitis media","volume":"81","author":"Bluestone\n              CD,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bluestone\n              CD, \n            \n              Doyle\n              WJ.\n            \n          \n          Anatomy and physiology of eustachian tube and middle ear related to otitis media. J Allergy Clin Immunol1988;81:997\u20131003."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b13","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"209","article-title":"Identification of motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles in the cat","volume":"270","author":"Keller\n              JT,","year":"1983","unstructured":"Keller\n              JT, \n            \n              Saunders\n              MC, \n            \n              Ongkiko\n              CM, \n            et al\n          . Identification of motoneurons innervating the tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini muscles in the cat. Brain Res1983;270:209\u2013215."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b14","series-title":"Ann Anat","first-page":"353","article-title":"An HRP study of the location of the motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle of the rabbit","volume":"174","author":"Kitamura\n              S,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kitamura\n              S, \n            \n              Nagase\n              Y, \n            \n              Nishiguchi\n              T, \n            et al\n          . An HRP study of the location of the motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle of the rabbit. Ann Anat1992;174:353\u2013356."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b15","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","first-page":"17","article-title":"Identification of motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle in the guinea pig and cat: an horseradish peroxidase study","volume":"32","author":"Mizuno\n              N,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mizuno\n              N, \n            \n              Uemura-Sumi\n              M, \n            \n              Takahashi\n              O, \n            et al\n          . Identification of motoneurons supplying the tensor veli palatini muscle in the guinea pig and cat: an horseradish peroxidase study. Neurosci Lett1982;32:17\u201321."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b16","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol","first-page":"178","article-title":"Experimental paralysis of tensor veli palatini muscle","volume":"106","author":"Casselbrant\n              ML,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Casselbrant\n              ML, \n            \n              Cantekin\n              EI, \n            \n              Dirkmaat\n              DC, \n            et al\n          . Experimental paralysis of tensor veli palatini muscle. Acta Otolaryngol1988;106:178\u2013185."},{"key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b17","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"422","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the development of otitis media with effusion caused by functional obstruction of the eustachian tube","volume":"106","author":"Alper\n              CM,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alper\n              CM, \n            \n              Tabari\n              R, \n            \n              Seroky\n              JT, \n            et al\n          . Magnetic resonance imaging of the development of otitis media with effusion caused by functional obstruction of the eustachian tube. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol1997;106:422\u2013431."},{"issue":"18","key":"i1547-3317-51-6-424-b18","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"449","article-title":"The association of middle ear effusion with trigeminal nerve mass lesions in dogs","volume":"173","author":"Wessmann\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wessmann\n              A, \n            \n              Hennessey\n              A, \n            \n              Goncalves\n              R, \n            et al\n          . The association of middle ear effusion with trigeminal nerve mass lesions in dogs. Vet Rec2013;173(18):449."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/51\/6\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/51\/6\/424\/1589794\/jaaha-ms-6314.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/51\/6\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/51\/6\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:01:40Z","timestamp":1763740900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/51\/6\/article-p424.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-3317"},{"type":"print","value":"0587-2871"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}}}