{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T15:35:58Z","timestamp":1793806558713,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) are suggested to be at increased risk of developing thromboembolic events. However, with some exceptions, there are very few reports of thromboembolism in such dogs. This multicentre retrospective observational study describes a case series of thromboembolism (TE) in eight dogs with PLE secondary to non-neoplastic, chronic small intestinal disease. Seven dogs had poorly controlled PLE when the thromboembolic event occurred. Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) occurred in six dogs, while one dog developed splenic vein thrombosis and another had concurrent splenic vein and aortic TE. Six dogs died, all with PTE. Antithrombin activity was decreased in one of two dogs in which it was measured. Serum cobalamin and folate concentrations were measured in three dogs and cobalamin was subnormal in all three. Serum magnesium, measured in two dogs, was low in both. Dogs with uncontrolled chronic small intestinal disease and PLE are at risk for developing serious life-threatening TE, mostly PTE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T11:39:42Z","timestamp":1479123582000},"page":"185-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Thromboembolism in Dogs with Protein-Losing Enteropathy with Non-Neoplastic Chronic Small Intestinal Disease"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ana M. L.","family":"Jacinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison E.","family":"Ridyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.M.L.J., A.E.R., M.L.C.) and Easter Bush Pathology (L.R.M.), Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (S.K., I.A.); and the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom (P.J.W.)."},{"name":"A. Ridyard's present affiliation is University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itamar","family":"Aroch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penny J.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.M.L.J., A.E.R., M.L.C.) and Easter Bush Pathology (L.R.M.), Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (S.K., I.A.); and the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom (P.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda R.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.M.L.J., A.E.R., M.L.C.) and Easter Bush Pathology (L.R.M.), Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (S.K., I.A.); and the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom (P.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marge L.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.M.L.J., A.E.R., M.L.C.) and Easter Bush Pathology (L.R.M.), Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (S.K., I.A.); and the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom (P.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Kuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.M.L.J., A.E.R., M.L.C.) and Easter Bush Pathology (L.R.M.), Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel (S.K., I.A.); and the Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom (P.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b01","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Protein-losing enteropathies","volume":"33","author":"Peterson \n              PB,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peterson \n              PB, \n            \n            \n              Willard \n              MD. \n            \n          \n          Protein-losing enteropathies. 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QJM1997;90:183\u2013188"},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b05","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"97","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"99","author":"Solem \n              CA,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Solem \n              CA, \n            \n            \n              Loftus \n              EV, \n            \n            \n              Tremaine \n              WJ, \n            \n            et al. \n          Venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease. 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J Am Vet Med Assoc1973;163:262\u2013271."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b09","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1500","article-title":"Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis","volume":"217","author":"Otto \n              CM,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Otto \n              CM, \n            \n            \n              Rieser \n              TM, \n            \n            \n              Brooks \n              MB, \n            \n            et al. \n          Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1500\u20131504."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"68","article-title":"Familial protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 cases (1983-1997)","volume":"14","author":"Littman \n              MP,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Littman \n              MP, \n            \n            \n              Dambach \n              DM, \n            \n            \n              Vaden \n              SL, \n            \n            et al. \n          Familial protein-losing enteropathy and protein-losing nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 cases (1983-1997). J Vet Intern Med2000;14:68\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b11","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"178","article-title":"Clinical and neurological characteristics of aortic thromboembolism in dogs","volume":"49","author":"Goncalves \n              R,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goncalves \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Penderis \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Chang \n              YP, \n            \n            et al. \n          Clinical and neurological characteristics of aortic thromboembolism in dogs. J Small Anim Pract2008;49:178\u2013184."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with splenic vein thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Laurenson \n              MP,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laurenson \n              MP, \n            \n            \n              Hopper \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Herrera \n              MA, \n            \n            et al. \n          Concurrent diseases and conditions in dogs with splenic vein thrombosis. J Vet Intern Med2010;24:1298\u20131304."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"273","article-title":"Hypercoagulability in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy","volume":"25","author":"Goodwin \n              LV,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodwin \n              LV, \n            \n            \n              Goggs \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Chan \n              DL, \n            \n            et al. \n          Hypercoagulability in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy. 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J Vet Intern Med2000;14:298\u2013307."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b16","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"230","article-title":"Portal Vein Thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998-2011","volume":"26","author":"Respess \n              M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Respess \n              M, \n            \n            \n              O'Toole \n              TE, \n            \n            \n              Taeymans \n              O, \n            \n            et al. \n          Portal Vein Thrombosis in 33 dogs: 1998-2011. 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Am J Gastroenterol2007;102:174\u2013186."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b18","series-title":"Digest Dis","first-page":"149","article-title":"Vascular involvement in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis and clinical aspects","volume":"26","author":"Papa \n              A,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papa \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Scaldaferri \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Danese \n              S, \n            \n            et al. \n          Vascular involvement in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Digest Dis2008;26:149\u2013155."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-3-185-b19","series-title":"Int J Hematol","first-page":"458","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis: a case and control study","volume":"93","author":"Remacha \n              AF,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Remacha \n              AF, \n            \n            \n              Souto \n              JC, \n            \n            \n              Pinana \n              JL, \n            \n            et al. \n          Vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis: a case and control study. 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