{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:30:13Z","timestamp":1778279413101,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Modern spirometry, like no other monitoring technique, allows insight into breath-to-breath respiratory mechanics. Spirometers continuously measure volume, airway pressure, and flow while calculating and continuously displaying respiratory system compliance and resistance in the form of loops. The aim of this case series is to show how observation of spirometric loops, similar to electrocardiogram or CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    curve monitoring, can improve safety of anesthetic management in small animals. Spirometric monitoring cases described in this case series are based on use of the anaesthesia monitor Capnomac Ultima with a side stream spirometry sensor. The cases illustrate how recognition and understanding of spirometric loops allows for easy diagnosis of iatrogenic pneumothorax, incorrect ventilator settings, leaks in the system, kinked or partially obstructed endotracheal tube, and spontaneous breathing interfering with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. The case series demonstrates the potential of spirometry to improve the quality and safety of anesthetic management, and, hence, its use can be recommended during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation and procedures in which interference with ventilation can be expected.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]],"date-time":"2016-08-03T13:16:31Z","timestamp":1470230191000},"page":"305-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modern Spirometry Supports Anesthetic Management in Small Animal Clinical Practice: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Calice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Tierklinik Hollabrunn, Hollabrunn, Austria (I.C.); and the Clinical Unit of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Y.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Moens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Tierklinik Hollabrunn, Hollabrunn, Austria (I.C.); and the Clinical Unit of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive-Care Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria (Y.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b01","series-title":"ACVA Monitoring Guidelines Update 2009","unstructured":"American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists. ACVA Monitoring Guidelines Update 2009. Available at: http:\/\/www.acva.org. Accessed January 27, 2014."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b02","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"377","article-title":"AAHA anesthesia guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"47","author":"Bednarski \n              R,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bednarski \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Grimm \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Harvey \n              R, \n            \n            et al. \n          AAHA anesthesia guidelines for dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2011;47(6):377\u201385."},{"key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b03","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"747","article-title":"Continuous spirometry: an aid to monitoring ventilation during operation","volume":"71","author":"Bardoczky \n              G,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bardoczky \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Engelman \n              E, \n            \n            \n              D'Hollander \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Continuous spirometry: an aid to monitoring ventilation during operation. Br J Anaesth. 1993;71:747\u201351."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b04","series-title":"Can J Anaesth","first-page":"495","article-title":"Changes in respiratory compliance at laparascopy: measurement using side stream spirometry","volume":"42","author":"Oikkonnen \n              M,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oikkonnen \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Tallgren \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Changes in respiratory compliance at laparascopy: measurement using side stream spirometry. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42(6):495\u20137."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b05","series-title":"Respir Care","first-page":"130","article-title":"Ventilator-induced lung injury and the evolution of lung-protective strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Gillette \n              MA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gillette \n              MA, \n            \n            \n              Hess \n              DR. \n            \n          \n          Ventilator-induced lung injury and the evolution of lung-protective strategies in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Respir Care. 2001;46(2):130\u201348."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b06","series-title":"J Clin Monit","first-page":"374","article-title":"A novel sensor for routine continuous spirometry of intubated patients","volume":"9","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meril\u00e4inen P1, H\u00e4nninen H, Tuomaala L. A novel sensor for routine continuous spirometry of intubated patients. J Clin Monit. 1993;9(5):374\u201380."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b07","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"382","article-title":"Measurement of respiratory system compliance and respiratory system resistance in healthy dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic procedures","volume":"40","author":"Bradbrook \n              CA,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bradbrook \n              CA, \n            \n            \n              Clark \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Dugdale \n              AH, \n            \n            et al. \n          Measurement of respiratory system compliance and respiratory system resistance in healthy dogs undergoing general anaesthesia for elective orthopaedic procedures. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2013;40(4):382\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b08","series-title":"AANA J","first-page":"217","article-title":"Monitoring compliance: A sensitive indicator of change","volume":"60","author":"Huffman \n              LM.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Huffman \n              LM. \n            \n          \n          Monitoring compliance: A sensitive indicator of change. AANA J. 1992;60(3):217\u201320."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b09","series-title":"J Clin Monit","first-page":"187","article-title":"Tidal volume changes due to the interaction of anesthesia machine and anesthesia ventilator","volume":"3","author":"Gravenstein \n              N,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gravenstein \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Banner \n              MJ, \n            \n            \n              McLaughlin \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Tidal volume changes due to the interaction of anesthesia machine and anesthesia ventilator. J Clin Monit. 1987;3(3):187\u201390."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b10","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ","first-page":"354","article-title":"Clinical application of continious spirometry with a pitot-based flow meter during equine anesthesia","volume":"22","author":"Moens \n              Y.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moens \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Clinical application of continious spirometry with a pitot-based flow meter during equine anesthesia. Equine Vet Educ. 2010;22(7):354\u2013360."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b11","series-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand","first-page":"408","article-title":"Changes in pulmonary mechanics during laparoscopic gastroplasty in morbidly obese patients","volume":"41","author":"Dumont \n              L,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dumont \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Mattys \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Mardirosoff \n              C, \n            \n            et al. \n          Changes in pulmonary mechanics during laparoscopic gastroplasty in morbidly obese patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41(3):408\u201313."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b12","series-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol","first-page":"623","article-title":"The effect of prone position on respiratory mechanics during spinal surgery","volume":"18","author":"Manna \n              EM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Manna \n              EM, \n            \n            \n              Ibraheim \n              OA, \n            \n            \n              Samarkandi \n              AH, \n            \n            et al. \n          The effect of prone position on respiratory mechanics during spinal surgery. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2005;18(3):623\u201330."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b13","series-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol","first-page":"323","article-title":"The effect on respiratory mechanics when using a Jackson surgical table in the prone position during spinal surgery","volume":"59","author":"Nam \n              Y,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nam \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Yoon \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              YH\n            \n            et al. \n          The effect on respiratory mechanics when using a Jackson surgical table in the prone position during spinal surgery. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010;59(5):323\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b14","series-title":"Anaesthesia","first-page":"309","article-title":"Ventilatory effects of pneumoperitoneum monitored with continuous spirometry","volume":"48","author":"Bardoczky \n              GI,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bardoczky \n              GI, \n            \n            \n              Engelman \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Levarlet \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Ventilatory effects of pneumoperitoneum monitored with continuous spirometry. Anaesthesia. 1993;48(4):309\u201311."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b15","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"565","article-title":"Two cases of intraoperative herniation of the endotracheal tube cuff","volume":"146","author":"Bergadano \n              A,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bergadano \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Moens \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Schatzmann \n              U. \n            \n          \n          Two cases of intraoperative herniation of the endotracheal tube cuff. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2004;146(12):565\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b16","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"571","article-title":"The use of side-stream spirometry to assess air leak during and after lung volume reduction surgery","volume":"91","author":"Robinson \n              RJ.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robinson \n              RJ. \n            \n          \n          The use of side-stream spirometry to assess air leak during and after lung volume reduction surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(2):571\u20133."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b17","series-title":"Anesthesiology","first-page":"293","article-title":"Effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on development of atelectasis during anesthesia, examined by spiral computed tomography","volume":"102","author":"Andersson \n              LE,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andersson \n              LE, \n            \n            \n              B\u00e5\u00e5th \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Thoerne \n              A, \n            \n            et al. \n          Effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on development of atelectasis during anesthesia, examined by spiral computed tomography. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(2):293\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-52-5-305-b18","series-title":"J Clin Monit","first-page":"236","article-title":"Capnography does not reliably detect double-lumen endotracheal tube malplacement","volume":"8","author":"deVries \n              JW,","year":"1992","unstructured":"deVries \n              JW, \n            \n            \n              Haanschoten \n              MC. \n            \n          \n          Capnography does not reliably detect double-lumen endotracheal tube malplacement. J Clin Monit. 1992;8(3):236\u20137."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/52\/5\/article-p305.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/52\/5\/305\/1589572\/jaaha-ms-6374.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/52\/5\/article-p305.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/52\/5\/article-p305.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:01:17Z","timestamp":1763740877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/52\/5\/article-p305.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6374","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}