{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:08:09Z","timestamp":1768536489418,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common myocardial disorder of dogs, typically affecting large and giant breeds. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features of DCM in standard schnauzers. Medical records for 15 standard schnauzers diagnosed with DCM were reviewed. The median age at diagnosis of DCM was 1.6 yr, with all dogs developing left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF). The median age of onset of CHF was 1.6 yr, and was significantly shorter in males (1.5 yr) than for females (2.35 yr). The median survival time after diagnosis of CHF was 22 days, and was shorter in males (13 days) than females (62 days). The occurrence of early onset DCM in multiple closely related standard schnauzers suggests a familial predisposition in this breed. Pedigree analysis confirmed common ancestry for all DCM affected dogs with a most likely autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T11:39:42Z","timestamp":1479123582000},"page":"38-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Standard Schnauzers: Retrospective Study of 15 Cases"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (S.B.L., M.W.H.); and Lamb Consulting, West St. Paul, Minnesota (K.E.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacey B.","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (S.B.L., M.W.H.); and Lamb Consulting, West St. Paul, Minnesota (K.E.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (S.B.L., M.W.H.); and Lamb Consulting, West St. Paul, Minnesota (K.E.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b01","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"598","article-title":"Congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinscher dogs","volume":"181","author":"Calvert \n              CA,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Calvert \n              CA, \n            \n            \n              Chapman \n              WL\n              Jr, \n            \n            \n              Toal \n              RL. \n            \n          \n          Congestive cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinscher dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc1982;181:598\u2013602."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b02","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e20042","article-title":"A locus on chromosome 5 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers","volume":"6","author":"Mausberg \n              TB,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mausberg \n              TB, \n            \n            \n              Wess \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Simak \n              J, \n            \n            et al. \n          A locus on chromosome 5 is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers. PLoS One2011;6 (5):e20042."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b03","series-title":"Hum Genet","first-page":"1319","article-title":"A splice site mutation in a gene encoding for PDK4, a mitochrondrial protein, is associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman Pinscher","volume":"131","author":"Meurs \n              KM,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meurs \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Lahmers \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Keene \n              BW, \n            \n            et al. \n          A splice site mutation in a gene encoding for PDK4, a mitochrondrial protein, is associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman Pinscher. Hum Genet2012;131:1319\u201325."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b04","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"729","article-title":"Clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in Great Danes and results of a pedigree analysis: 17 cases (1990-2000)","volume":"218","author":"Meurs \n              KM,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meurs \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Miller \n              MW, \n            \n            \n              Wright \n              NA. \n            \n          \n          Clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in Great Danes and results of a pedigree analysis: 17 cases (1990-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:729\u201332."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b05","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"465","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in the Newfoundland: a study of 37 cases (1983-1994)","volume":"32","author":"Tidholm \n              A,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tidholm \n              A, \n            \n            \n              J\u00f6nsson \n              L. \n            \n          \n          Dilated cardiomyopathy in the Newfoundland: a study of 37 cases (1983-1994). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1996;32:465\u201370."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b06","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1978","article-title":"Echocardiographic characterization of dilatation cardiomyopathy in the English Cocker Spaniel","volume":"47","author":"Gooding \n              JP,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gooding \n              JP, \n            \n            \n              Robinson \n              WF, \n            \n            \n              Mews \n              GC. \n            \n          \n          Echocardiographic characterization of dilatation cardiomyopathy in the English Cocker Spaniel. Am J Vet Res1986;47:1978\u201383."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b07","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"204","article-title":"Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (MUST): taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration","volume":"11","author":"Kittleson \n              MD,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kittleson \n              MD, \n            \n            \n              Keene \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Pion \n              PD, \n            \n            et al. \n          Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (MUST): taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration. J Vet Intern Med1997;11:204\u201311."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b08","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"989","article-title":"Boxer cardiomyopathy. A review of the long-term benefits of antiarrhythmic therapy","volume":"21","author":"Harpster \n              NK.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harpster \n              NK. \n            \n          \n          Boxer cardiomyopathy. A review of the long-term benefits of antiarrhythmic therapy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1991;21:989\u20131004."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b09","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Association of dilated cardiomyopathy with the striatin mutation genotype in boxer dogs","volume":"27","author":"Meurs \n              KM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meurs \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Stern \n              JA, \n            \n            \n              Sisson \n              DD, \n            \n            et al. \n          Association of dilated cardiomyopathy with the striatin mutation genotype in boxer dogs. J Vet Intern Med2013;27:1437\u201340."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b10","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1592","article-title":"Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Dalmatians: nine cases (1990-1995)","volume":"209","author":"Freeman \n              LM,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freeman \n              LM, \n            \n            \n              Michel \n              KE, \n            \n            \n              Brown \n              DJ, \n            \n            et al. \n          Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in Dalmatians: nine cases (1990-1995). J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;209:1592\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Familial dilated cardiomyopathy of young Portuguese water dogs","volume":"13","author":"Dambach \n              DM,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dambach \n              DM, \n            \n            \n              Lannon \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Sleeper \n              MM, \n            \n            et al. \n          Familial dilated cardiomyopathy of young Portuguese water dogs. J Vet Intern Med1999;13:65\u201371."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b12","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"52","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile Portuguese Water Dogs","volume":"16","author":"Sleeper \n              MM,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sleeper \n              MM, \n            \n            \n              Henthorn \n              PS, \n            \n            \n              Vijayasarathy \n              C, \n            \n            et al. \n          Dilated cardiomyopathy in juvenile Portuguese Water Dogs. J Vet Intern Med2002;16:52\u201362."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b13","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Histological characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy in the juvenile toy Manchester terrier","volume":"50","author":"Legge \n              CH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Legge \n              CH, \n            \n            \n              L\u00f3pez \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Hanna \n              P, \n            \n            et al. \n          Histological characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy in the juvenile toy Manchester terrier. Vet Pathol2013;50:1043\u201352."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b14","series-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: an update","volume":"34","author":"O'Grady \n              MR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Grady \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              O'Sullivan \n              ML. \n            \n          \n          Dilated cardiomyopathy: an update. Vet Clin Small Anim2004;34:1187\u20131207."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"23","article-title":"Stafford Johnson MJ, Celona B. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases","volume":"50","author":"Martin \n              MW,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin \n              MW, \n            \n          \n          Stafford Johnson MJ, Celona B. Canine dilated cardiomyopathy: a retrospective study of signalment, presentation and clinical findings in 369 cases. J Small Anim Pract2009;50:23\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b16","series-title":"J Vet Cardiol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Proposed guidelines for the diagnosis of canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Dukes-McEwan \n              J,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dukes-McEwan \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Borgarelli \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Tidholm \n              A, \n            \n            et al. \n          Proposed guidelines for the diagnosis of canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol2003;5:7\u201319."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"130","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis","volume":"62","author":"Maxson \n              TR,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maxson \n              TR, \n            \n            \n              Meurs \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Lehmkuhl \n              LB, \n            \n            et al. \n          Polymerase chain reaction analysis for viruses in paraffin-embedded myocardium from dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis. Am J Vet Res2001;62:130\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b18","series-title":"J Vet Cardiol","first-page":"17","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman pinschers: survival, cause of death and a pedigree review in a related line","volume":"4","author":"Petric \n              AD,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Petric \n              AD, \n            \n            \n              Stabej \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Zemva \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman pinschers: survival, cause of death and a pedigree review in a related line. J Vet Cardiol2002;4:17\u201324."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b19","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"311","article-title":"Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs","volume":"18","author":"Cornell \n              CC,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cornell \n              CC, \n            \n            \n              Kittleson \n              MD, \n            \n            \n              Della Torre \n              P, \n            \n            et al. \n          Allometric scaling of M-mode cardiac measurements in normal adult dogs. J Vet Intern Med2004;18:311\u201321."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b20","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Histologic characterization of canine dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Tidholm \n              A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tidholm \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Jonsson \n              L. \n            \n          \n          Histologic characterization of canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet Pathol2005;42:1\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b21","series-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Genetics aspects of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Ortiz-Lopez \n              R,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ortiz-Lopez \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Schultz \n              KR, \n            \n            \n              Towbin \n              JA. \n            \n          \n          Genetics aspects of dilated cardiomyopathy. Prog Pediatr Cardiol1996;6:71\u201382."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b22","series-title":"Genetics of the dog. 2nd ed","first-page":"394","article-title":"Pedigree analysis, genotype testing, and genetic counselling","author":"Oberhauer \n              AM.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oberhauer \n              AM. \n            \n          \n          Pedigree analysis, genotype testing, and genetic counselling. In: Ostrander E, Ruvinsky A, eds. Genetics of the dog. 2nd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2012;394\u2013420."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b23","series-title":"Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 2nd ed","first-page":"817","article-title":"Cardiovascular Pathology","author":"Liu \n              SK,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liu \n              SK, \n            \n            \n              Fox \n              PR. \n            \n          \n          Cardiovascular Pathology. In: Fox PR, Sisson DD, Moise NS, eds. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;1999:817\u201344."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b24","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"199","article-title":"The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers: A 4.5 year follow-up","volume":"12","author":"O'Grady \n              MR,","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Grady \n              MR, \n            \n            \n              Horne \n              R. \n            \n          \n          The prevalence of dilated cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers: A 4.5 year follow-up. J Vet Intern Med1998;12:199."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b25","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"323","article-title":"Signalment, survival, and prognostic factors in Doberman pinschers with end-stage cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Calvert \n              CA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Calvert \n              CA, \n            \n            \n              Pickus \n              CW, \n            \n            \n              Jacobs \n              GJ, \n            \n            et al. \n          Signalment, survival, and prognostic factors in Doberman pinschers with end-stage cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med1997;11:323\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b26","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"125","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiomyopathy in the Irish Wolfhound: a clinical study of 500 dogs","volume":"36","author":"Vollmar \n              AC.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vollmar \n              AC. \n            \n          \n          The prevalence of cardiomyopathy in the Irish Wolfhound: a clinical study of 500 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2000;36:125\u201332."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b27","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"371","article-title":"Observations on the development of congestive heart failure in Irish wolfhounds with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Brownlie \n              SE,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brownlie \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              Cobb \n              MA. \n            \n          \n          Observations on the development of congestive heart failure in Irish wolfhounds with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Small Anim Pract2008;40:371\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b28","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1016","article-title":"A prospective genetic evaluation of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman Pinscher","volume":"21","author":"Meurs \n              KM,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meurs \n              KM, \n            \n            \n              Fox \n              PR, \n            \n            \n              Norgard \n              M, \n            \n            et al. \n          A prospective genetic evaluation of familial dilated cardiomyopathy in the Doberman Pinscher. J Vet Intern Med2007;21:1016\u201320."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b29","series-title":"Brit Sm Anim Vet Assoc Congress","article-title":"Evidence for genetic involvement in dilated cardiomyopathy in the Irish wolfhound","author":"Cobb \n              MA,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cobb \n              MA, \n            \n            \n              Brownlie \n              SE, \n            \n            \n              Pidduck \n              HG, \n            \n            et al. \n          Evidence for genetic involvement in dilated cardiomyopathy in the Irish wolfhound, in Proceedings.Brit Sm Anim Vet Assoc Congress1996;215."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b30","series-title":"Mamm Genome","first-page":"667","article-title":"The promises and problems of linkage analysis by using the current canine genome map","volume":"13","author":"Dukes-McEwan \n              J,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dukes-McEwan \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Jackson \n              IJ, \n            \n          \n          The promises and problems of linkage analysis by using the current canine genome map. Mamm Genome2002;13:667\u201372."},{"key":"i1547-3317-53-1-38-b31","series-title":"Heredity","first-page":"460","article-title":"Complex segregation analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Irish wolfhounds","volume":"99","author":"Distl \n              O,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Distl \n              O, \n            \n            \n              Vollmar \n              AC, \n            \n            \n              Broschk \n              C, \n            \n            et al. \n          Complex segregation analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Irish wolfhounds. Heredity2007;99:460\u20135."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/53\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/53\/1\/38\/1332777\/jaaha-ms-6506.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/53\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/53\/1\/article-p38.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:03:13Z","timestamp":1763740993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/53\/1\/article-p38.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}