{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:03:02Z","timestamp":1790186582181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective case series describes seven dogs and one cat diagnosed with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, an uncommon, aggressive variant of chondrosarcoma. The purpose of the study is to describe clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings of this tumor. Medical records and the diagnostic laboratory database at Colorado State University from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed and complete medical records were available for the eight animals in this report. Similar to what has been reported in people, poor long-term survival and high metastatic rate, particularly to the lungs, was observed in our case series. A bimorphic pattern on imaging (radiographs, computed tomography, and MRI) consisting of mineralized and nonmineralized areas was seen mirroring the high-grade sarcomatous component adjacent to a low-grade chondroid component seen histopathologically. A review of the human literature including suspected etiology, imaging findings, histopathology, and survival times with various treatment options is presented. This article describes the first reported cases of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in the veterinary literature. Early accurate recognition could lead to treatment plans tailored to this variant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1510582884000},"page":"50-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma in the Dog and Cat: A Case Series and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Arathi","family":"Vinayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California (A.V.); and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado (A.V., D.R.W., S.J.W., D.S.A., B.E.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna R.","family":"Worley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California (A.V.); and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado (A.V., D.R.W., S.J.W., D.S.A., B.E.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Withrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California (A.V.); and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado (A.V., D.R.W., S.J.W., D.S.A., B.E.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin S.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California (A.V.); and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado (A.V., D.R.W., S.J.W., D.S.A., B.E.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara E.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California (A.V.); and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, Colorado (A.V., D.R.W., S.J.W., D.S.A., B.E.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"53","article-title":"A clinical and radiological study of canine bone neoplasms. I","volume":"134","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1959","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , McGrathJT, ReynoldsH. A clinical and radiological study of canine bone neoplasms. I. J Am Vet Med Assoc1959;134(2):53\u201371."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"68","article-title":"Canine skeletal chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases","volume":"165","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , MisdorpW, RiserWH, et al. Canine skeletal chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc1974;165(1):68\u201378."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"491","article-title":"Canine bone neoplasms","volume":"143","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1963","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , SauerRM, MedwayW. Canine bone neoplasms. J Am Vet Med Assoc1963;143:491\u20135."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology","first-page":"463","article-title":"Tumors of the skeletal system","author":"Dernell\n              WS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dernell\n              WS\n            , EhrhartNP, StrawRC, et al. Tumors of the skeletal system. In: WithrowS, VailDM, eds. Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:463\u2013503."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"81","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 97 dogs (1987-1990)","volume":"30","author":"Popovich\n              CA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Popovich\n              CA\n            , WeinsteinMJ, GoldschmidtMH, et al. Chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 97 dogs (1987-1990). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1994;30:81\u20135."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"13","article-title":"A case series of 25 dogs with chondrosarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Sylvester\n              AM","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sylvester\n              AM\n            , BrashML, AtilolaMAO, et al. A case series of 25 dogs with chondrosarcoma. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1992;5:13\u201317."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"266","article-title":"Clinical outcome of nonnasal chondrosarcoma in dogs: thirty-one cases (1986-2003)","volume":"36","author":"Waltman\n              SS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waltman\n              SS\n            , SeguinB, CooperBJ, et al. Clinical outcome of nonnasal chondrosarcoma in dogs: thirty-one cases (1986-2003). Vet Surg2007;36(3):266\u201371."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Cancer Res Treat","first-page":"897","article-title":"Long-term Outcome of Chondrosarcoma: A Single Institutional Experience","volume":"47","author":"Bindiganavile\n              S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bindiganavile\n              S\n            , HanI, YunJY, et al. Long-term Outcome of Chondrosarcoma: A Single Institutional Experience. Cancer Res Treat2015;47(4):897\u2013903."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"2412","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: the role of chemotherapy with updated outcomes","volume":"86-A(11)","author":"Dickey\n              ID","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dickey\n              ID\n            , RosePS, FuchsB, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: the role of chemotherapy with updated outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am2004;86-A(11):2412\u20138."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib10","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"2060","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: prognostic factors and outcome from a European group","volume":"43","author":"Grimer\n              RJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimer\n              RJ\n            , GoshegerG, TaminiauA, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: prognostic factors and outcome from a European group. Eur J Cancer2007;43(14):2060\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2682","article-title":"Dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma","volume":"106","author":"Staals\n              EL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Staals\n              EL\n            , BacchiniP, BertoniF. Dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma. Cancer2006;106(12):2682\u201391."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"38","article-title":"Clinical outcome for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a report of 9 cases at a single institute","volume":"7","author":"Yokota\n              K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yokota\n              K\n            , SakamotoA, MatsumotoY, et al. Clinical outcome for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a report of 9 cases at a single institute. J Orthop Surg Res2012;7:38."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. A report of the clinicopathological features and treatment of seventy-eight cases","volume":"68","author":"Frassica\n              FJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"Frassica\n              FJ\n            , UnniKK, BeaboutJW, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. 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J Bone Joint Surg Br2000;82(1):55\u201361."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"461","article-title":"Dedifferentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma","volume":"28","author":"Dahlin\n              DC","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dahlin\n              DC\n            , BeaboutJW. Dedifferentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma. Cancer1971;28(2):461\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv","first-page":"106","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma revisited","volume":"20","author":"Mavrogenis\n              AF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mavrogenis\n              AF\n            , RuggieriP, MercuriM, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma revisited. J Surg Orthop Adv2011;20(2):106\u201311."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"252","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","author":"Milchgrub\n              S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Milchgrub\n              S\n            , HogendoornPCW. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. In: FletcherDM, UnniKK, MertensF, eds. Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press2002:252\u20134."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"318","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component","volume":"16","author":"Astorino\n              RN","year":"1985","unstructured":"Astorino\n              RN\n            , TeslukD. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component. Hum Pathol1985;16(3):318\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"60","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"70","author":"Capanna\n              R","year":"1988","unstructured":"Capanna\n              R\n            , BertoniF, BettelliG, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am1988;70(1):60\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"489","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: radiographic features","volume":"160","author":"de Lange\n              EE","year":"1986","unstructured":"de Lange\n              EE\n            , PopeTLJr, FechnerRE. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: radiographic features. Radiology1986;160(2):489\u201392."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"294","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"73","author":"Sissons\n              HA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sissons\n              HA\n            , MatlenJA, LewisMM. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am1991;73(2):294\u2013300."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Simultaneous interphase cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence immunophenotyping of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Implications for histopathogenesis","volume":"144","author":"Bridge\n              JA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bridge\n              JA\n            , DeBoerJ, TravisJ, et al. Simultaneous interphase cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence immunophenotyping of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Implications for histopathogenesis. Am J Pathol1994;144(2):215\u201320."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Pathol","first-page":"454","article-title":"Molecular genetic characterization of both components of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, with implications for the histogenesis","volume":"189","author":"Bovee\n              JV","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bovee\n              JV\n            , Cleton-JansenAM, RosenbergC, et al. Molecular genetic characterization of both components of a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, with implications for the histogenesis. J Pathol1999;189(4):454\u2013462."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib25","series-title":"Pathol Res Pract","first-page":"437","article-title":"Genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor progression in a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"199","author":"Ropke\n              M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ropke\n              M\n            , BoltzeC, NeumannHW, et al. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor progression in a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Pathol Res Pract2003;199(6):437\u201344."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"285","article-title":"Fibrosarcomatous dedifferentiation of primary and secondary chondrosarcoma","volume":"56","author":"Mirra\n              JM","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mirra\n              JM\n            , MarcoveRC. Fibrosarcomatous dedifferentiation of primary and secondary chondrosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am1974;56(2):285\u201396."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Sarcoma","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dedifferentiated peripheral chondrosarcoma: a review of radiologic characteristics","volume":"2013","author":"Henderson\n              ER","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henderson\n              ER\n            , PalaE, AngeliniA, et al. Dedifferentiated peripheral chondrosarcoma: a review of radiologic characteristics. Sarcoma2013;2013:1\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib28","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"1397","article-title":"Radiographic, CT, and MR imaging features of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas: a retrospective review of 174 de novo cases","volume":"24","author":"Littrell\n              LA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Littrell\n              LA\n            , WengerDE, WoldLE, et al. Radiographic, CT, and MR imaging features of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas: a retrospective review of 174 de novo cases. Radiographics2004;24(5):1397\u2013409."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib29","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"914","article-title":"Biologic behavior and clinical outcome of 25 dogs with canine appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by amputation: a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"Farese\n              JP","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farese\n              JP\n            , KirpensteijnJ, KikM, et al. Biologic behavior and clinical outcome of 25 dogs with canine appendicular chondrosarcoma treated by amputation: a Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study. Vet Surg2009;38(8):914\u20139."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib30","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"488","article-title":"Oncologic outcome after curative-intent treatment in 39 dogs with primary chest wall tumors (1992-2005)","volume":"37","author":"Liptak\n              JM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liptak\n              JM\n            , KamstockDA, DernellWS, et al. Oncologic outcome after curative-intent treatment in 39 dogs with primary chest wall tumors (1992-2005). Vet Surg2008;37(5):488\u201396."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib31","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"65","article-title":"Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs","volume":"31","author":"Pirkey-Ehrhart\n              N","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pirkey-Ehrhart\n              N\n            , WithrowSJ, StrawRC, et al. Primary rib tumors in 54 dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1995;31(1):65\u20139."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib32","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"473","article-title":"Aetiology and diagnosis of persistent nasal disease in the dog: a retrospective study of 42 cases","volume":"40","author":"Tasker\n              S","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tasker\n              S\n            , KnottenbeltCM, MunroEA, et al. Aetiology and diagnosis of persistent nasal disease in the dog: a retrospective study of 42 cases. J Small Anim Pract1999;40(10):473\u20138."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib33","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"333","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma\u2013a fatal disease","volume":"131","author":"Bruns\n              J","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bruns\n              J\n            , FiedlerW, WenerM, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma\u2013a fatal disease. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol2005;131(6):333\u20139."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"983","article-title":"Does ifosfamide therapy improve survival of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma?","volume":"472","author":"Kawaguchi\n              S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kawaguchi\n              S\n            , SunT, LinPP, et al. Does ifosfamide therapy improve survival of patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma?Clin Orthop Relat Res2014;472(3):983\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"53","article-title":"A clinical and radiological study of canine bone neoplasms. I","volume":"134","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1959","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , McGrathJT, ReynoldsH. A clinical and radiological study of canine bone neoplasms. I. J Am Vet Med Assoc1959;134(2):53\u201371."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"68","article-title":"Canine skeletal chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases","volume":"165","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , MisdorpW, RiserWH, et al. Canine skeletal chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 35 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc1974;165(1):68\u201378."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"491","article-title":"Canine bone neoplasms","volume":"143","author":"Brodey\n              RS","year":"1963","unstructured":"Brodey\n              RS\n            , SauerRM, MedwayW. Canine bone neoplasms. J Am Vet Med Assoc1963;143:491\u20135."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology","first-page":"463","article-title":"Tumors of the skeletal system","author":"Dernell\n              WS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dernell\n              WS\n            , EhrhartNP, StrawRC, et al. Tumors of the skeletal system. In: WithrowS, VailDM, eds. Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:463\u2013503."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"81","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 97 dogs (1987-1990)","volume":"30","author":"Popovich\n              CA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Popovich\n              CA\n            , WeinsteinMJ, GoldschmidtMH, et al. Chondrosarcoma: a retrospective study of 97 dogs (1987-1990). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1994;30:81\u20135."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"13","article-title":"A case series of 25 dogs with chondrosarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Sylvester\n              AM","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sylvester\n              AM\n            , BrashML, AtilolaMAO, et al. A case series of 25 dogs with chondrosarcoma. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1992;5:13\u201317."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"266","article-title":"Clinical outcome of nonnasal chondrosarcoma in dogs: thirty-one cases (1986-2003)","volume":"36","author":"Waltman\n              SS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Waltman\n              SS\n            , SeguinB, CooperBJ, et al. Clinical outcome of nonnasal chondrosarcoma in dogs: thirty-one cases (1986-2003). Vet Surg2007;36(3):266\u201371."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Cancer Res Treat","first-page":"897","article-title":"Long-term Outcome of Chondrosarcoma: A Single Institutional Experience","volume":"47","author":"Bindiganavile\n              S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bindiganavile\n              S\n            , HanI, YunJY, et al. Long-term Outcome of Chondrosarcoma: A Single Institutional Experience. Cancer Res Treat2015;47(4):897\u2013903."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"2412","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: the role of chemotherapy with updated outcomes","volume":"86-A(11)","author":"Dickey\n              ID","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dickey\n              ID\n            , RosePS, FuchsB, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: the role of chemotherapy with updated outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am2004;86-A(11):2412\u20138."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib10","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"2060","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: prognostic factors and outcome from a European group","volume":"43","author":"Grimer\n              RJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimer\n              RJ\n            , GoshegerG, TaminiauA, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: prognostic factors and outcome from a European group. Eur J Cancer2007;43(14):2060\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib11","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"2682","article-title":"Dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma","volume":"106","author":"Staals\n              EL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Staals\n              EL\n            , BacchiniP, BertoniF. Dedifferentiated central chondrosarcoma. Cancer2006;106(12):2682\u201391."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"38","article-title":"Clinical outcome for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a report of 9 cases at a single institute","volume":"7","author":"Yokota\n              K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yokota\n              K\n            , SakamotoA, MatsumotoY, et al. Clinical outcome for patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: a report of 9 cases at a single institute. J Orthop Surg Res2012;7:38."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. A report of the clinicopathological features and treatment of seventy-eight cases","volume":"68","author":"Frassica\n              FJ","year":"1986","unstructured":"Frassica\n              FJ\n            , UnniKK, BeaboutJW, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. 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J Bone Joint Surg Br2000;82(1):55\u201361."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"461","article-title":"Dedifferentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma","volume":"28","author":"Dahlin\n              DC","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dahlin\n              DC\n            , BeaboutJW. Dedifferentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma. Cancer1971;28(2):461\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Surg Orthop Adv","first-page":"106","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma revisited","volume":"20","author":"Mavrogenis\n              AF","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mavrogenis\n              AF\n            , RuggieriP, MercuriM, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma revisited. J Surg Orthop Adv2011;20(2):106\u201311."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"252","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","author":"Milchgrub\n              S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Milchgrub\n              S\n            , HogendoornPCW. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. In: FletcherDM, UnniKK, MertensF, eds. Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press2002:252\u20134."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"Hum Pathol","first-page":"318","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component","volume":"16","author":"Astorino\n              RN","year":"1985","unstructured":"Astorino\n              RN\n            , TeslukD. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with a rhabdomyosarcomatous component. Hum Pathol1985;16(3):318\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"60","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"70","author":"Capanna\n              R","year":"1988","unstructured":"Capanna\n              R\n            , BertoniF, BettelliG, et al. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am1988;70(1):60\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"489","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: radiographic features","volume":"160","author":"de Lange\n              EE","year":"1986","unstructured":"de Lange\n              EE\n            , PopeTLJr, FechnerRE. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma: radiographic features. Radiology1986;160(2):489\u201392."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"294","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"73","author":"Sissons\n              HA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sissons\n              HA\n            , MatlenJA, LewisMM. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am1991;73(2):294\u2013300."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Simultaneous interphase cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence immunophenotyping of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Implications for histopathogenesis","volume":"144","author":"Bridge\n              JA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bridge\n              JA\n            , DeBoerJ, TravisJ, et al. Simultaneous interphase cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence immunophenotyping of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Implications for histopathogenesis. 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