{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:14Z","timestamp":1787031854227,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n The effects of intramuscular injection of alfaxalone ([ALF] 5 mg\/kg), acepromazine ([ACE] 0.05 mg\/kg), and an ALF-ACE combination ([AA] 0.025 mg\/kg ACE followed by 2.5 mg\/kg ALF) on the sedation, echocardiographic, biochemical, and blood gas indexes and recovery were evaluated in seven cats. No sedation was obtained with ACE, and sedation scores were higher with ALF than with AA treatment. Compared with baseline, an increase in heart rate occurred after ACE, and all treatments caused a decrease in systemic arterial pressure. Decreased left ventricular internal dimension in diastole, end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle, stroke volume, and left atrial dimension were identified after AA. There were minimal changes in echocardiographic variables after ALF. Biochemical and blood gas analysis showed no significant changes after all treatments. Although the difference in quality of recovery between the AA and ALF treatment groups was insignificant, all cats treated with AA or ALF showed ataxia. The AA combination did not change the recovery score, and tremor and twitching were identified more frequently with AA than ALF. ALF had no significant effects on echocardiographic, biochemical, or blood gas variables. ALF could be considered a useful sedative option for diagnostic procedures and echocardiography in cats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T16:31:30Z","timestamp":1547742690000},"page":"70-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone\/Acepromazine on Echocardiographic, Biochemical, and Blood Gas Measurements in Healthy Cats"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Boeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungmin","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangmin","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mincheol","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inhyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junghee","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"983","article-title":"Addressing canine and feline aggression in the veterinary clinic","volume":"38","author":"Moffat\n K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moffat\n K\n \n . Addressing canine and feline aggression in the veterinary clinic. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2008;38(5):983\u20131003."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"137","article-title":"Sedative, cardiovascular, haematologic and biochemical effects of four different drug combinations administered intramuscularly in cats","volume":"39","author":"Biermann\n K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biermann\n K\n , Hungerb\u00fchlerS, MischkeR, et al. Sedative, cardiovascular, haematologic and biochemical effects of four different drug combinations administered intramuscularly in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg2012;39(2):137\u201350."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia","first-page":"499","article-title":"Anaesthesia of the cat","author":"Clarke\n KW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarke\n KW\n , TrimCM, HallLW. Anaesthesia of the cat. In: Veterinary Anaesthesia. 11th ed.Oxford (UK): Elsevier; 2014:499\u2013534."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"530","article-title":"Effects of intramuscular sedation with alfaxalone and butorphanol on echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats","volume":"17","author":"Ribas\n T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ribas\n T\n , BublotI, JunotS, et al. Effects of intramuscular sedation with alfaxalone and butorphanol on echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg2015;17(6):530\u20136."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"858","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and quality of anesthesia produced by alfaxalone administered intramuscularly to cats sedated with dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone","volume":"15","author":"Grubb\n TL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grubb\n TL\n , GreeneSA, PerezTE. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and quality of anesthesia produced by alfaxalone administered intramuscularly to cats sedated with dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone. J Feline Med Surg2013;15(10):858\u201365."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"678","article-title":"Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats","volume":"14","author":"Ward\n JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ward\n JL\n , SchoberKE, FuentesVL, et al. Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg2012;14(10):678\u201385."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"247","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat","volume":"7","author":"Thomas\n WP","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas\n WP\n , GaberCE, JacobsGJ, et al. Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. J Vet Intern Med1993;7(4):247\u201352."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"50","article-title":"Two-dimensional, real-time echocardiography in the dog: technique and anatomic validation","volume":"25","author":"Thomas\n WP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thomas\n WP\n \n . Two-dimensional, real-time echocardiography in the dog: technique and anatomic validation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1984;25(2):50\u201364."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"20","author":"Koffas\n H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koffas\n H\n , Dukes-McEwanJ, CorcoranB, et al. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med2006;20(1):65\u201377."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"58","article-title":"Assessment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse-wave Doppler tissue imaging techniques","volume":"48","author":"Simpson\n KE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simpson\n KE\n , DevineBC, Gunn-MooreDA, et al. Assessment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse-wave Doppler tissue imaging techniques. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2007;48(1):58\u201368."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy","volume":"37","author":"Teichholz\n LE","year":"1976","unstructured":"Teichholz\n LE\n , KreulenT, HermanMV, et al. Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol1976;37(1):7\u201311."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"568","article-title":"Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-deminsional and M-mode echocardiography in cavaier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargment","volume":"43","author":"Hansson\n K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hansson\n K\n , H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6mJ, KvartC, et al. Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-deminsional and M-mode echocardiography in cavaier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargment. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2002;43(6):568\u201375."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"131","article-title":"Sedation of hyperthyroid cats with subcutaneous administration of a combination of alfaxalone and butorphanol","volume":"91","author":"Ramoo\n S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramoo\n S\n , BradburyL, AndersonG, et al. Sedation of hyperthyroid cats with subcutaneous administration of a combination of alfaxalone and butorphanol. Aust Vet J2013;91(4):131\u20136."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Alfaxan-CD\u00ae as an intravenous anaesthetic in young cats","volume":"87","author":"Zaki\n S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaki\n S\n , TicehurstK, MiyakiY. Clinical evaluation of Alfaxan-CD\u00ae as an intravenous anaesthetic in young cats. Aust Vet J2009;87(3):82\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"42","article-title":"The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats","volume":"36","author":"Muir\n W","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muir\n W\n , LercheP, WieseA, et al. The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg2009;36(1):42\u201354."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1705","article-title":"M-mode echocardiographic measurements in unanesthetized healthy cats: effects of body weight, heart rate, and other variables","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs\n G","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs\n G\n , KnightDH. M-mode echocardiographic measurements in unanesthetized healthy cats: effects of body weight, heart rate, and other variables. Am J Vet Res1985;46(8):1705\u201311."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"351","article-title":"Association of age and heart rate with pulsed-wave Doppler measurements in healthy, nonsedated cats","volume":"22","author":"Disatian\n S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Disatian\n S\n , BrightJ, BoonJ. Association of age and heart rate with pulsed-wave Doppler measurements in healthy, nonsedated cats. J Vet Intern Med2008;22(2):351\u20136."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs\n G","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs\n G\n , KnightDH. Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine. Am J Vet Res1985;46(8):1712\u20133."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","first-page":"101","article-title":"The M-mode and doppler examination","author":"Boon\n JA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boon\n JA\n \n . The M-mode and doppler examination. In: Veterinary Echocardiography. 2nd ed.Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell, 2011:101\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci","first-page":"217","article-title":"Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behavior after adoption","volume":"73","author":"Hennessy\n MB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hennessy\n MB\n , VoithVL, MazzeiSJ, et al. Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behavior after adoption. Appl Anim Behav Sci2001;73(3):217\u201333."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"332","article-title":"Effects of medetomidine and midazolam alone or in combination on the metabolic and neurohormonal responses in healthy cats","volume":"72","author":"Kanda\n T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanda\n T\n , HikasaY. Effects of medetomidine and midazolam alone or in combination on the metabolic and neurohormonal responses in healthy cats. Can J Vet Res2008;72(4):332\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"548","article-title":"Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters","volume":"226","author":"McCobb\n EC","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCobb\n EC\n , PatronekGJ, MarderA, et al. Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters. J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226(4):548\u201355."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"432","article-title":"Changes in cortisol concentration in response to stress and postoperative pain in client-owned cats and correlation with objective clinical variables","volume":"60","author":"Smith\n JD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith\n JD\n , AllenSW, QuandtJE. Changes in cortisol concentration in response to stress and postoperative pain in client-owned cats and correlation with objective clinical variables. Am J Vet Res1999;60(4):432\u20136."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"969","article-title":"Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication","volume":"63","author":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen\n M","year":"2002","unstructured":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen\n M\n , RaekallioM, KuuselaE, et al. Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication. Am J Vet Res2002;63(7):969\u201375."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"102","article-title":"The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Wilson\n DV","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson\n DV\n , EvansAT, CarpenterRA, et al. The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg2004;31(2):102\u20138."},{"key":"bib26","author":"JUROX\n Pty","unstructured":"JUROX\n Pty\n \n . Ltd. Alfaxan CD-RTU (package insert, APVMA Approval No. 52881\/1005). http:\/\/www.vasg.org\/pdfs\/alfaxan_cd_rtu_leaflet_australia_feb_06.pdf"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Argos \u2013 Informativo Veterinario","first-page":"64","article-title":"Efectos cl\u00ednicos del empleo de Alfaxan y Alfaxan-dexmedetomidina en gatos por v\u00eda intramuscular [Clinical effects of using Alfaxan and Alfaxan-dexmedetomidine in cats intramuscularly]","volume":"119","author":"Laredo\n F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laredo\n F\n , BeldaE, RodrigoD. Efectos cl\u00ednicos del empleo de Alfaxan y Alfaxan-dexmedetomidina en gatos por v\u00eda intramuscular [Clinical effects of using Alfaxan and Alfaxan-dexmedetomidine in cats intramuscularly]. Argos \u2013 Informativo Veterinario2010;119:64[in Spanish]."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Comparison of quality of recovery from anaesthesia in cats induced with propofol or alfaxalone","volume":"39","author":"Mathis\n A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mathis\n A\n , PinelasR, BrodbeltDC, et al. Comparison of quality of recovery from anaesthesia in cats induced with propofol or alfaxalone. Vet Anaesth Analg2012;39(3):282\u201390."},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"419","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory safety of Alfaxan\u00ae-CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine, medazolam or butorphanol. In: Proceedings from the 22nd American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum","author":"Heit\n M","unstructured":"Heit\n M\n , SchnellM, WhittemT, et al. Cardiovascular and respiratory safety of Alfaxan\u00ae-CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine, medazolam or butorphanol. In: Proceedings from the 22nd American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Minneapolis; June 9\u201312, 2004; Minneapolis, MN; pp 419\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Prax Ausg G Kleintiere Heimtiere","first-page":"17","article-title":"Klinische anwendbarkeit und praktikabilit\u00e4t von alfaxalon zur kurzan\u00e4sthesie bei der katze nach pr\u00e4medikation mit buprenorphin [Clinical usability and practicability of alfaxalone for short-term anaesthesia in the cat after premedication with buprenorphine]","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f6sing\n B","year":"2009","unstructured":"B\u00f6sing\n B\n , T\u00fcnsmeyerJ, MischkeR, et al. Klinische anwendbarkeit und praktikabilit\u00e4t von alfaxalon zur kurzan\u00e4sthesie bei der katze nach pr\u00e4medikation mit buprenorphin [Clinical usability and practicability of alfaxalone for short-term anaesthesia in the cat after premedication with buprenorphine]. Tier\u00e4rztliche Prax Ausg G Kleintiere Heimtiere2009;40(1):17\u201325[in German]."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"983","article-title":"Addressing canine and feline aggression in the veterinary clinic","volume":"38","author":"Moffat\n K","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moffat\n K\n \n . Addressing canine and feline aggression in the veterinary clinic. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2008;38(5):983\u20131003."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"137","article-title":"Sedative, cardiovascular, haematologic and biochemical effects of four different drug combinations administered intramuscularly in cats","volume":"39","author":"Biermann\n K","year":"2012","unstructured":"Biermann\n K\n , Hungerb\u00fchlerS, MischkeR, et al. Sedative, cardiovascular, haematologic and biochemical effects of four different drug combinations administered intramuscularly in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg2012;39(2):137\u201350."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Veterinary Anaesthesia","first-page":"499","article-title":"Anaesthesia of the cat","author":"Clarke\n KW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarke\n KW\n , TrimCM, HallLW. Anaesthesia of the cat. In: Veterinary Anaesthesia. 11th ed.Oxford (UK): Elsevier; 2014:499\u2013534."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"530","article-title":"Effects of intramuscular sedation with alfaxalone and butorphanol on echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats","volume":"17","author":"Ribas\n T","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ribas\n T\n , BublotI, JunotS, et al. Effects of intramuscular sedation with alfaxalone and butorphanol on echocardiographic measurements in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg2015;17(6):530\u20136."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"858","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and quality of anesthesia produced by alfaxalone administered intramuscularly to cats sedated with dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone","volume":"15","author":"Grubb\n TL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grubb\n TL\n , GreeneSA, PerezTE. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects, and quality of anesthesia produced by alfaxalone administered intramuscularly to cats sedated with dexmedetomidine and hydromorphone. J Feline Med Surg2013;15(10):858\u201365."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"678","article-title":"Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats","volume":"14","author":"Ward\n JL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ward\n JL\n , SchoberKE, FuentesVL, et al. Effects of sedation on echocardiographic variables of left atrial and left ventricular function in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg2012;14(10):678\u201385."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"247","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat","volume":"7","author":"Thomas\n WP","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas\n WP\n , GaberCE, JacobsGJ, et al. Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. J Vet Intern Med1993;7(4):247\u201352."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"50","article-title":"Two-dimensional, real-time echocardiography in the dog: technique and anatomic validation","volume":"25","author":"Thomas\n WP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Thomas\n WP\n \n . Two-dimensional, real-time echocardiography in the dog: technique and anatomic validation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound1984;25(2):50\u201364."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"20","author":"Koffas\n H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koffas\n H\n , Dukes-McEwanJ, CorcoranB, et al. Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med2006;20(1):65\u201377."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"58","article-title":"Assessment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse-wave Doppler tissue imaging techniques","volume":"48","author":"Simpson\n KE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simpson\n KE\n , DevineBC, Gunn-MooreDA, et al. Assessment of the repeatability of feline echocardiography using conventional echocardiography and spectral pulse-wave Doppler tissue imaging techniques. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2007;48(1):58\u201368."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Cardiol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy","volume":"37","author":"Teichholz\n LE","year":"1976","unstructured":"Teichholz\n LE\n , KreulenT, HermanMV, et al. Problems in echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. Am J Cardiol1976;37(1):7\u201311."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","first-page":"568","article-title":"Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-deminsional and M-mode echocardiography in cavaier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargment","volume":"43","author":"Hansson\n K","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hansson\n K\n , H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6mJ, KvartC, et al. Left atrial to aortic root indices using two-deminsional and M-mode echocardiography in cavaier King Charles spaniels with and without left atrial enlargment. Vet Radiol Ultrasound2002;43(6):568\u201375."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib13","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"131","article-title":"Sedation of hyperthyroid cats with subcutaneous administration of a combination of alfaxalone and butorphanol","volume":"91","author":"Ramoo\n S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramoo\n S\n , BradburyL, AndersonG, et al. Sedation of hyperthyroid cats with subcutaneous administration of a combination of alfaxalone and butorphanol. Aust Vet J2013;91(4):131\u20136."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"82","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of Alfaxan-CD\u00ae as an intravenous anaesthetic in young cats","volume":"87","author":"Zaki\n S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaki\n S\n , TicehurstK, MiyakiY. Clinical evaluation of Alfaxan-CD\u00ae as an intravenous anaesthetic in young cats. Aust Vet J2009;87(3):82\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"42","article-title":"The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats","volume":"36","author":"Muir\n W","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muir\n W\n , LercheP, WieseA, et al. The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg2009;36(1):42\u201354."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1705","article-title":"M-mode echocardiographic measurements in unanesthetized healthy cats: effects of body weight, heart rate, and other variables","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs\n G","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs\n G\n , KnightDH. M-mode echocardiographic measurements in unanesthetized healthy cats: effects of body weight, heart rate, and other variables. Am J Vet Res1985;46(8):1705\u201311."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"351","article-title":"Association of age and heart rate with pulsed-wave Doppler measurements in healthy, nonsedated cats","volume":"22","author":"Disatian\n S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Disatian\n S\n , BrightJ, BoonJ. Association of age and heart rate with pulsed-wave Doppler measurements in healthy, nonsedated cats. J Vet Intern Med2008;22(2):351\u20136."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib18","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs\n G","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jacobs\n G\n , KnightDH. Change in M-mode echocardiographic values in cats given ketamine. Am J Vet Res1985;46(8):1712\u20133."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Veterinary Echocardiography","first-page":"101","article-title":"The M-mode and doppler examination","author":"Boon\n JA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boon\n JA\n \n . The M-mode and doppler examination. In: Veterinary Echocardiography. 2nd ed.Ames (IA): Wiley-Blackwell, 2011:101\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci","first-page":"217","article-title":"Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behavior after adoption","volume":"73","author":"Hennessy\n MB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hennessy\n MB\n , VoithVL, MazzeiSJ, et al. Behavior and cortisol levels of dogs in a public animal shelter, and an exploration of the ability of these measures to predict problem behavior after adoption. Appl Anim Behav Sci2001;73(3):217\u201333."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"332","article-title":"Effects of medetomidine and midazolam alone or in combination on the metabolic and neurohormonal responses in healthy cats","volume":"72","author":"Kanda\n T","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanda\n T\n , HikasaY. Effects of medetomidine and midazolam alone or in combination on the metabolic and neurohormonal responses in healthy cats. Can J Vet Res2008;72(4):332\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"548","article-title":"Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters","volume":"226","author":"McCobb\n EC","year":"2005","unstructured":"McCobb\n EC\n , PatronekGJ, MarderA, et al. Assessment of stress levels among cats in four animal shelters. J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226(4):548\u201355."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"432","article-title":"Changes in cortisol concentration in response to stress and postoperative pain in client-owned cats and correlation with objective clinical variables","volume":"60","author":"Smith\n JD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith\n JD\n , AllenSW, QuandtJE. Changes in cortisol concentration in response to stress and postoperative pain in client-owned cats and correlation with objective clinical variables. Am J Vet Res1999;60(4):432\u20136."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib24","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"969","article-title":"Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication","volume":"63","author":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen\n M","year":"2002","unstructured":"V\u00e4is\u00e4nen\n M\n , RaekallioM, KuuselaE, et al. Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication. Am J Vet Res2002;63(7):969\u201375."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib25","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"102","article-title":"The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Wilson\n DV","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wilson\n DV\n , EvansAT, CarpenterRA, et al. The effect of four anesthetic protocols on splenic size in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg2004;31(2):102\u20138."},{"key":"bib26","author":"JUROX\n Pty","unstructured":"JUROX\n Pty\n \n . Ltd. Alfaxan CD-RTU (package insert, APVMA Approval No. 52881\/1005). http:\/\/www.vasg.org\/pdfs\/alfaxan_cd_rtu_leaflet_australia_feb_06.pdf"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Argos \u2013 Informativo Veterinario","first-page":"64","article-title":"Efectos cl\u00ednicos del empleo de Alfaxan y Alfaxan-dexmedetomidina en gatos por v\u00eda intramuscular [Clinical effects of using Alfaxan and Alfaxan-dexmedetomidine in cats intramuscularly]","volume":"119","author":"Laredo\n F","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laredo\n F\n , BeldaE, RodrigoD. Efectos cl\u00ednicos del empleo de Alfaxan y Alfaxan-dexmedetomidina en gatos por v\u00eda intramuscular [Clinical effects of using Alfaxan and Alfaxan-dexmedetomidine in cats intramuscularly]. Argos \u2013 Informativo Veterinario2010;119:64[in Spanish]."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"282","article-title":"Comparison of quality of recovery from anaesthesia in cats induced with propofol or alfaxalone","volume":"39","author":"Mathis\n A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mathis\n A\n , PinelasR, BrodbeltDC, et al. Comparison of quality of recovery from anaesthesia in cats induced with propofol or alfaxalone. Vet Anaesth Analg2012;39(3):282\u201390."},{"key":"bib29","first-page":"419","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory safety of Alfaxan\u00ae-CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine, medazolam or butorphanol. In: Proceedings from the 22nd American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum","author":"Heit\n M","unstructured":"Heit\n M\n , SchnellM, WhittemT, et al. Cardiovascular and respiratory safety of Alfaxan\u00ae-CD RTU in cats premedicated with acepromazine, medetomidine, medazolam or butorphanol. In: Proceedings from the 22nd American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Minneapolis; June 9\u201312, 2004; Minneapolis, MN; pp 419\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Prax Ausg G Kleintiere Heimtiere","first-page":"17","article-title":"Klinische anwendbarkeit und praktikabilit\u00e4t von alfaxalon zur kurzan\u00e4sthesie bei der katze nach pr\u00e4medikation mit buprenorphin [Clinical usability and practicability of alfaxalone for short-term anaesthesia in the cat after premedication with buprenorphine]","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f6sing\n B","year":"2009","unstructured":"B\u00f6sing\n B\n , T\u00fcnsmeyerJ, MischkeR, et al. Klinische anwendbarkeit und praktikabilit\u00e4t von alfaxalon zur kurzan\u00e4sthesie bei der katze nach pr\u00e4medikation mit buprenorphin [Clinical usability and practicability of alfaxalone for short-term anaesthesia in the cat after premedication with buprenorphine]. Tier\u00e4rztliche Prax Ausg G Kleintiere Heimtiere2009;40(1):17\u201325[in German]."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/55\/2\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/55\/2\/70\/1590257\/jaaha-ms-6630.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/55\/2\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/55\/2\/article-p70.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:31:18Z","timestamp":1772325078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/55\/2\/article-p70.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6630","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}