{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:13Z","timestamp":1787031853457,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS) is characterized by increased upper airway resistance due to conformational abnormalities occurring in brachycephalic dogs (BD). In this prospective study, we evaluated pulse oximetry (SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and arterial blood gas values in 18 healthy BD and compared these values with those of 18 healthy mesocephalic and dolichocephalic dogs (MDD). All dogs were assigned a BAS score based on an owner questionnaire. Inclusion criteria included presentation to the hospital for a problem unrelated to the respiratory system and unremarkable blood analyses and physical examination. In awake dogs, SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values were obtained from a minimum of two sites. Dogs were then sedated, and SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values were obtained again concurrently with an arterial blood gas sample. The SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values were significantly lower in BD compared with MDD, but there were no statistically significant differences between BD and MDD for any arterial blood gas parameters. Based on the BAS score, BD who were moderately BAS-affected (n = 5), had significantly lower arterial saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen values on arterial blood gas when compared with MDD (n = 18). Although BD had statistically lower SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values than MDD, the mean SpO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    values for both groups were within the normal range.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T10:53:28Z","timestamp":1538391208000},"page":"344-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry in Healthy Brachycephalic Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Shiara","family":"Arulpagasam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (S.A., C.L., A.O., J.B.), and Office of Information Technology (X.S.), The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassie","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (S.A., C.L., A.O., J.B.), and Office of Information Technology (X.S.), The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adesola","family":"Odunayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (S.A., C.L., A.O., J.B.), and Office of Information Technology (X.S.), The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery","family":"Biskup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (S.A., C.L., A.O., J.B.), and Office of Information Technology (X.S.), The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine (S.A., C.L., A.O., J.B.), and Office of Information Technology (X.S.), The University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"273","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 dogs with upper respiratory syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Poncet\n              CM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poncet\n              CM\n            , DupreGP, FreicheVG, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 dogs with upper respiratory syndrome. J Small Anim Pract2005;46(6):273\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1746","article-title":"Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea","volume":"76","author":"Petrof\n              BJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Petrof\n              BJ\n            , PackAI, KellyAM, et al. Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol1994;76(4):1746\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airway musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea","volume":"81","author":"Schotland\n              HM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schotland\n              HM\n            , InskoEK, PanckeriKA, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airway musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol1996;81(3):1339\u201346."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004)","volume":"230","author":"Riecks\n              TW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Riecks\n              TW\n            , BirchardSJ, StephensJA. Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;230(9):1324\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"243","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal turbinates in brachycephalic dogs and cats","volume":"44","author":"Ginn\n              JA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ginn\n              JA\n            , KumasMS, McKiermanBC, et al. Nasopharyngeal turbinates in brachycephalic dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2008;44(5):243\u20139."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008)","volume":"237","author":"Fasanella\n              FJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fasanella\n              FJ\n            , ShivleyJM, WardlawJL, et al. Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008). J Am Vet Med Assoc2010;237(9):1048\u201351."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"181","article-title":"Interpretation of blood gas measurements","author":"Haskins\n              SC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haskins\n              SC\n            \n          . Interpretation of blood gas measurements. In: KingLG, ed. Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats. St. Louis: Saunders; 2003:181\u201393."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"227","article-title":"Respiratory monitoring: arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide analysis","volume":"14","author":"Proulx\n              J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Proulx\n              J\n            \n          . Respiratory monitoring: arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide analysis. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract1999;14(4):227\u201330."},{"issue":"7313","key":"bib9","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"620","article-title":"Quality improvement report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care","volume":"323","author":"Merlani\n              P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Merlani\n              P\n            , GarnerinP, DibyM, et al. Quality improvement report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care. BMJ2001;323(7313):620\u20134."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"786","article-title":"Brachial artery puncture: a definite risk to the hand","volume":"77","author":"McCready\n              RA","year":"1984","unstructured":"McCready\n              RA\n            , HydeGL, BivinsBA, et al. Brachial artery puncture: a definite risk to the hand. South Med J1984;77(6):786\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"218","article-title":"Complications of arterial puncture in anticoagulated patients","volume":"58","author":"Neviaser\n              RJ","year":"1976","unstructured":"Neviaser\n              RJ\n            , AdamsJP, MayGI. Complications of arterial puncture in anticoagulated patients. 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Vet Clin Small Anim2002;32(5):1021\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs","volume":"31","author":"Huss\n              BT","year":"1995","unstructured":"Huss\n              BT\n            , AndersonMA, BransonKR, et al. Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1995;31(1):9\u201314."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"5","article-title":"Practicality, usefulness, and limits of pulse oximetry in critical small animal patients","volume":"3","author":"Hendricks\n              JC","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hendricks\n              JC\n            , KingLG. Practicality, usefulness, and limits of pulse oximetry in critical small animal patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care1993;3(1):5\u201312."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"537","article-title":"Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Jacobson\n              JD","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jacobson\n              JD\n            , MillerMW, MatthewsNS, et al. Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs. Am J Vet Res1992;53(4):537\u201340."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"410","article-title":"Comparison of the SpO2\/FiO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS","volume":"132","author":"Rice\n              TW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rice\n              TW\n            , WheelerAP, BernardGR, et al. Comparison of the SpO2\/FiO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest2007;132(2):410\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"662","article-title":"Comparison of the pulse oximetric saturation\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and PaO2\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in children","volume":"135","author":"Khemani\n              RG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khemani\n              RG\n            , PatelNR, BardRDIII, et al. Comparison of the pulse oximetric saturation\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and PaO2\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in children. Chest2009;135(3):662\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"280","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of the utility of comparing SpO2\/FiO2 and PaO2\/FiO2 ratios in dogs","volume":"23","author":"Calabro\n              JM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calabro\n              JM\n            , PrittieJE, PalmaDA. Preliminary evaluation of the utility of comparing SpO2\/FiO2 and PaO2\/FiO2 ratios in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2013;23(3):280\u20135."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"437","article-title":"Evaluation of PaO2\/FiO2 and SaO2\/FiO2 ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation","volume":"26","author":"Carver\n              A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carver\n              A\n            , BraggR, SullivanL. Evaluation of PaO2\/FiO2 and SaO2\/FiO2 ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2016;26(3):437\u201345."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"5","article-title":"Patient triage","author":"Crowe\n              DT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crowe\n              DT\n            \n          . Patient triage. In: SilversteinDC, HopperK, eds. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders; 2009:5\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"897","article-title":"Evaluation of arterial blood gases and arterial blood pressures in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"26","author":"Hoareau\n              GL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoareau\n              GL\n            , JourdanG, MellemaM, et al. Evaluation of arterial blood gases and arterial blood pressures in brachycephalic dogs. J Vet Intern Med2012;26(4):897\u2013904."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"3","article-title":"An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses","volume":"30","author":"Matthews\n              NS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matthews\n              NS\n            , HartkeS, AllenJCJr. An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses. Vet Anaesth Analg2003;30(1):3\u201314."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"137","article-title":"Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs","volume":"47","author":"Poncet\n              CM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poncet\n              CM\n            , DupreGP, FreicheVG, et al. Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs. J Small Anim Pract2006;47(3):137\u201342."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring","first-page":"261","article-title":"Pulse oximetry","author":"Jubran\n              A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jubran\n              A\n            \n          . Pulse oximetry. In: TobinMJ, ed. Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.; 1998:261\u201387."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib26","series-title":"Anesthesia","first-page":"207","article-title":"Potential errors in pulse oximetry. II. Effects of changes in saturation and signal quality","volume":"46","author":"Webb\n              RK","year":"1991","unstructured":"Webb\n              RK\n            , RalstonAC, RuncimanWB. Potential errors in pulse oximetry. II. Effects of changes in saturation and signal quality. Anesthesia1991;46(3):207\u201312."},{"key":"bib27","first-page":"31","article-title":"WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood: Best Practices in Phlebotomy, Ch. 5","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Drawing Blood: Best Practices in Phlebotomy, Ch. 5. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2010:31\u20133."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"329","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Trim\n              CM","year":"1983","unstructured":"Trim\n              CM\n            \n          . Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in dogs. Am J Vet Res1983;44(2):329\u201331."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29","series-title":"Pediatr","first-page":"22","article-title":"Accuracy of pulse oximetry in children","volume":"133","author":"Ross\n              PA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ross\n              PA\n            , NewthCJ, KhemaniRG, et al. Accuracy of pulse oximetry in children. Pediatr2014;133(1):22\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib30","series-title":"Pol J Vet Sci","first-page":"77","article-title":"Influence of the wing-of-the-nostrils correction procedure on the change of the acid-base balance parameters and oxygen concentration in the arterial blood in French bulldogs","volume":"14","author":"Slawuta\n              P","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slawuta\n              P\n            , Nicpo\u0144J, Doma\u0144nskaS. Influence of the wing-of-the-nostrils correction procedure on the change of the acid-base balance parameters and oxygen concentration in the arterial blood in French bulldogs. Pol J Vet Sci2011;14(1):77\u201380."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"273","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 dogs with upper respiratory syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Poncet\n              CM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poncet\n              CM\n            , DupreGP, FreicheVG, et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 dogs with upper respiratory syndrome. J Small Anim Pract2005;46(6):273\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1746","article-title":"Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea","volume":"76","author":"Petrof\n              BJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Petrof\n              BJ\n            , PackAI, KellyAM, et al. Pharyngeal myopathy of loaded upper airway in dogs with sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol1994;76(4):1746\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib3","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airway musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea","volume":"81","author":"Schotland\n              HM","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schotland\n              HM\n            , InskoEK, PanckeriKA, et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of upper airway musculature in an animal model of sleep apnea. J Appl Physiol1996;81(3):1339\u201346."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib4","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004)","volume":"230","author":"Riecks\n              TW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Riecks\n              TW\n            , BirchardSJ, StephensJA. Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;230(9):1324\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"243","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal turbinates in brachycephalic dogs and cats","volume":"44","author":"Ginn\n              JA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ginn\n              JA\n            , KumasMS, McKiermanBC, et al. Nasopharyngeal turbinates in brachycephalic dogs and cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2008;44(5):243\u20139."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008)","volume":"237","author":"Fasanella\n              FJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fasanella\n              FJ\n            , ShivleyJM, WardlawJL, et al. Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991\u20132008). J Am Vet Med Assoc2010;237(9):1048\u201351."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats","first-page":"181","article-title":"Interpretation of blood gas measurements","author":"Haskins\n              SC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haskins\n              SC\n            \n          . Interpretation of blood gas measurements. In: KingLG, ed. Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats. St. Louis: Saunders; 2003:181\u201393."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","first-page":"227","article-title":"Respiratory monitoring: arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide analysis","volume":"14","author":"Proulx\n              J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Proulx\n              J\n            \n          . Respiratory monitoring: arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide analysis. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract1999;14(4):227\u201330."},{"issue":"7313","key":"bib9","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"620","article-title":"Quality improvement report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care","volume":"323","author":"Merlani\n              P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Merlani\n              P\n            , GarnerinP, DibyM, et al. Quality improvement report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care. BMJ2001;323(7313):620\u20134."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"786","article-title":"Brachial artery puncture: a definite risk to the hand","volume":"77","author":"McCready\n              RA","year":"1984","unstructured":"McCready\n              RA\n            , HydeGL, BivinsBA, et al. Brachial artery puncture: a definite risk to the hand. South Med J1984;77(6):786\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"218","article-title":"Complications of arterial puncture in anticoagulated patients","volume":"58","author":"Neviaser\n              RJ","year":"1976","unstructured":"Neviaser\n              RJ\n            , AdamsJP, MayGI. Complications of arterial puncture in anticoagulated patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am1976;58(2):218\u201320."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"878","article-title":"Blood gas and oximetry monitoring","author":"Sorrell-Raschi\n              L","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sorrell-Raschi\n              L\n            \n          . Blood gas and oximetry monitoring. In: SilversteinDC, HopperK, eds. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders, 2009:878\u201382."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib13","series-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring","volume":"32","author":"Hackett\n              TB","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hackett\n              TB\n            \n          . Pulse oximetry and end tidal carbon dioxide monitoring. Vet Clin Small Anim2002;32(5):1021\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"9","article-title":"Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs","volume":"31","author":"Huss\n              BT","year":"1995","unstructured":"Huss\n              BT\n            , AndersonMA, BransonKR, et al. Evaluation of pulse oximeter probes and probe placement in healthy dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1995;31(1):9\u201314."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"5","article-title":"Practicality, usefulness, and limits of pulse oximetry in critical small animal patients","volume":"3","author":"Hendricks\n              JC","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hendricks\n              JC\n            , KingLG. Practicality, usefulness, and limits of pulse oximetry in critical small animal patients. J Vet Emerg Crit Care1993;3(1):5\u201312."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"537","article-title":"Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Jacobson\n              JD","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jacobson\n              JD\n            , MillerMW, MatthewsNS, et al. Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs. Am J Vet Res1992;53(4):537\u201340."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"410","article-title":"Comparison of the SpO2\/FiO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS","volume":"132","author":"Rice\n              TW","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rice\n              TW\n            , WheelerAP, BernardGR, et al. Comparison of the SpO2\/FiO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest2007;132(2):410\u20137."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib18","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"662","article-title":"Comparison of the pulse oximetric saturation\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and PaO2\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in children","volume":"135","author":"Khemani\n              RG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khemani\n              RG\n            , PatelNR, BardRDIII, et al. Comparison of the pulse oximetric saturation\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and PaO2\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio in children. Chest2009;135(3):662\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"280","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of the utility of comparing SpO2\/FiO2 and PaO2\/FiO2 ratios in dogs","volume":"23","author":"Calabro\n              JM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calabro\n              JM\n            , PrittieJE, PalmaDA. Preliminary evaluation of the utility of comparing SpO2\/FiO2 and PaO2\/FiO2 ratios in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2013;23(3):280\u20135."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"437","article-title":"Evaluation of PaO2\/FiO2 and SaO2\/FiO2 ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation","volume":"26","author":"Carver\n              A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carver\n              A\n            , BraggR, SullivanL. Evaluation of PaO2\/FiO2 and SaO2\/FiO2 ratios in postoperative dogs recovering on room air or nasal oxygen insufflation. J Vet Emerg Crit Care2016;26(3):437\u201345."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"5","article-title":"Patient triage","author":"Crowe\n              DT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crowe\n              DT\n            \n          . Patient triage. In: SilversteinDC, HopperK, eds. Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders; 2009:5\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"897","article-title":"Evaluation of arterial blood gases and arterial blood pressures in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"26","author":"Hoareau\n              GL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoareau\n              GL\n            , JourdanG, MellemaM, et al. Evaluation of arterial blood gases and arterial blood pressures in brachycephalic dogs. J Vet Intern Med2012;26(4):897\u2013904."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"3","article-title":"An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses","volume":"30","author":"Matthews\n              NS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Matthews\n              NS\n            , HartkeS, AllenJCJr. An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses. Vet Anaesth Analg2003;30(1):3\u201314."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"137","article-title":"Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs","volume":"47","author":"Poncet\n              CM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poncet\n              CM\n            , DupreGP, FreicheVG, et al. Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs. J Small Anim Pract2006;47(3):137\u201342."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring","first-page":"261","article-title":"Pulse oximetry","author":"Jubran\n              A","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jubran\n              A\n            \n          . Pulse oximetry. In: TobinMJ, ed. Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring. 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