{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T15:33:33Z","timestamp":1793460813312,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This is a retrospective case series of 27 dogs with emphysematous cystitis. Medical records from two veterinary teaching hospitals from 1992 to 2014 were reviewed. The aims of the study were to determine imaging findings, common underlying disease processes, and prevalent bacterial species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in dogs with emphysematous cystitis. The most common lower urinary tract sign was hematuria. Gas was detected in the wall and lumen of the urinary bladder in 14 of 27 dogs (51.9%), in only the wall of the bladder in 9 of 27 dogs (33%), and in only the lumen of the bladder in 4 of 27 dogs (14.8%). Comorbid diseases were identified in all but one case. The most common comorbid disease processes were diabetes mellitus in 33% of dogs, neurologic disease in 26% of dogs, and adrenal disease in 19% of dogs. Bacterial isolates included\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and\n                    <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were always isolated in mixed infections with gas-producing bacterial species. During the period of study, most isolates were predicted to be susceptible to beta-lactam drugs, but updated veterinary breakpoints suggest that fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole would be more appropriate choices for empiric therapy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T16:55:48Z","timestamp":1505148948000},"page":"313-320","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinicopathologic and Microbiologic Findings Associated with Emphysematous Cystitis in 27 Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Lindsay Kate","family":"Merkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody","family":"Lulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Polzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Westropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med","first-page":"850","article-title":"Cystitis emphysematosa; 19 cases with intraluminal and interstitial collections of gas","volume":"86","author":"Bailey\n              H","year":"1961","unstructured":"Bailey\n              H\n            \n          . Cystitis emphysematosa; 19 cases with intraluminal and interstitial collections of gas. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med1961;86:850\u201362."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"79","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a review of the literature","volume":"53","author":"Amano\n              M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amano\n              M\n            , ShimizuT. Emphysematous cystitis: a review of the literature. Intern Med2014;53(2):79\u201382."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"159","article-title":"Cystitis emphysematosa","volume":"2","author":"Hueper\n              W","year":"1926","unstructured":"Hueper\n              W\n            \n          . Cystitis emphysematosa. 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BJU Int2007;100(1):17\u201320."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Nephrourol Mon","first-page":"129","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Bruhl\n              SR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruhl\n              SR\n            , NahhasA, SheikhM, et al. Emphysematous cystitis: a case report and review of the literature. Nephrourol Mon2011;3(2):129\u201330."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"703","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Emphysematous cystitis, pneumaturia and lumbar spondylosis","volume":"218","author":"Cohn\n              LA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cohn\n              LA\n            , CookCR, PriddyN, et al. What is your diagnosis? Emphysematous cystitis, pneumaturia and lumbar spondylosis. 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Intravesical instillation of dilute formalin for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2004;40(1):64\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"144","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis and bladder trigone diverticulum in a dog","volume":"39","author":"Lobetti\n              RG","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lobetti\n              RG\n            , GoldinJP. Emphysematous cystitis and bladder trigone diverticulum in a dog. J Small Anim Pract1998;39(3):144\u20137."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"433","article-title":"Emphysematous cystitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a non-diabetic dog","volume":"20","author":"Middleton\n              DJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"Middleton\n              DJ\n            , LomasGR. Emphysematous cystitis due to Clostridium perfringens in a non-diabetic dog. 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J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2012;48(6):379\u201389."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"393","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance trends among canine Escherichia coli isolates obtained from clinical samples in the northeastern USA, 2004-2011","volume":"56","author":"Cummings\n              KJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cummings\n              KJ\n            , ApreaVA, AltierC. Antimicrobial resistance trends among canine Escherichia coli isolates obtained from clinical samples in the northeastern USA, 2004-2011. Can Vet J2015;56(4):393\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"568","article-title":"Waging war against uropathogenic Escherichia coli: winning back the urinary tract","volume":"78","author":"Sivick\n              KE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sivick\n              KE\n            , MobleyHL. Waging war against uropathogenic Escherichia coli: winning back the urinary tract. Infect Immun2010;78(2):568\u201385."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"217","article-title":"Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections","volume":"10","author":"Windahl\n              U","year":"2014","unstructured":"Windahl\n              U\n            , HolstBS, NymanA, et al. Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections. BMC Vet Res2014;10:217."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs (2010-2013)","volume":"29","author":"Wong\n              C","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong\n              C\n            , EpsteinSE, WestroppJL. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs (2010-2013). 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Urology2010;75(6):1315\u20136."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/53\/6\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/53\/6\/313\/1589174\/jaaha-ms-6722.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/53\/6\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/53\/6\/article-p313.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:02:35Z","timestamp":1763740955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/53\/6\/article-p313.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6722","relation":{},"ISSN":["0587-2871","1547-3317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}