{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:18Z","timestamp":1772326998301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypercalcemia was identified in a canine patient with a benign vaginal leiomyoma. Subsequent diagnostic workup did not reveal hypercalcemia of malignancy. Surgical resection of the leiomyoma resulted in a conversion to normocalcemic status. Although rare, hypercalcemia of benignancy should be considered in a patient in which hypercalcemia is identified via clinical pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,17]],"date-time":"2019-01-17T16:31:30Z","timestamp":1547742690000},"page":"e552-05","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Suspected Hypercalcemia of Benignancy Associated with Canine Vaginal Leiomyoma"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Stiver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., Napa, California (S.S., R.L.); and Kyle Animal Hospital, Kyle, Texas (C.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Laukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., Napa, California (S.S., R.L.); and Kyle Animal Hospital, Kyle, Texas (C.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., Napa, California (S.S., R.L.); and Kyle Animal Hospital, Kyle, Texas (C.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"156","article-title":"Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia","volume":"27","author":"Bergman\n              PJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergman\n              PJ\n            \n          . Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Top Companion Anim Med2012;27(4):156\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"205","article-title":"Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog","volume":"19","author":"Vascellari\n              M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vascellari\n              M\n            , TascaS, FurlanelloT, et al. Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog. J Vet Diagn Invest2007;19(2):205\u20138."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Current Veterinary Therapy XIV","first-page":"247","article-title":"Canine hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism","author":"Feldman\n              EC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feldman\n              EC\n            , NelsonRW. Canine hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. In: BonaguraJD, TwedtDC, eds. Current Veterinary Therapy XIV. 14th ed.St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:247\u201353."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"241","article-title":"A quick reference on hypercalcemia","volume":"47","author":"de Brito Galv\u00e3o\n              JF","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Brito Galv\u00e3o\n              JF\n            , SchenckPA, ChewDJ. A quick reference on hypercalcemia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2017;47(2):241\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hypercalcemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and emergent treatment","volume":"51","author":"Daniels\n              E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daniels\n              E\n            , SakakeenyC. Hypercalcemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and emergent treatment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2015;51(5):291\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Midlife Health","first-page":"42","article-title":"Vaginal leiomyoma","volume":"2","author":"Chakrabati\n              I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chakrabati\n              I\n            , DeA, PatiS. Vaginal leiomyoma. J Midlife Health2011;2(1):42\u20133."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","first-page":"447","article-title":"Female genital system","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Schlafer\n              DH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schlafer\n              DH\n            , FosterRA. Female genital system. In: MaxieMG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol. 3. 6th ed.St. Louis: Elsevier; 2016:447\u20138."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Case Rep Med","first-page":"815252","article-title":"Hypercalcemia: an unusual manifestation of uterine leiomyoma","author":"Garcha\n              AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcha\n              AS\n            , GumasteP, CherianS, et al. Hypercalcemia: an unusual manifestation of uterine leiomyoma. Case Rep Med2013;815252."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock","first-page":"87","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemic crisis in a pregnant woman with uterine leiomyoma","volume":"5","author":"Rahil\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rahil\n              A\n            , KhanFY. Humoral hypercalcemic crisis in a pregnant woman with uterine leiomyoma. J Emerg Trauma Shock2012;5(1):87\u20139."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Severe hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma in pregnancy","volume":"117","author":"Tarnawa\n              E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarnawa\n              E\n            , SullivanS, UnderwoodP, et al. Severe hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol2011;117(2 Pt 2):473\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"407","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy secondary to parathyroid hormone-related protein secreting uterine leiomyoma","volume":"335","author":"Dagdelen\n              S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dagdelen\n              S\n            , KalanI, GurlekA. Humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy secondary to parathyroid hormone-related protein secreting uterine leiomyoma. Am J Med Sci2008;335(5):407\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Gynecol Oncol","first-page":"269","article-title":"Hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"93","author":"Bilici\n              A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bilici\n              A\n            , DoventasA, KaradagB, et al. Hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol2004;93(1):269\u201371."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"702","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemia associated with a uterine fibroid","volume":"130","author":"Ravakhah\n              K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ravakhah\n              K\n            , GoverA, MukundaBN. Humoral hypercalcemia associated with a uterine fibroid. Ann Intern Med1999;130(8):702."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"606","article-title":"A challenging case: esophageal leiomyoma in a dog","volume":"103","author":"Lister\n              SA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lister\n              SA\n            , IsakowK. A challenging case: esophageal leiomyoma in a dog. Vet Med2008;103:606\u201310."},{"key":"bib15","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in dogs and cats","author":"Petersen\n              ME","unstructured":"Petersen\n              ME\n            \n          . Hypercalcemia in dogs and cats. Available at:www.merckvetmanual.com\/endocrine-system\/the-parathyroid-glands-and-disorders-of-calcium-metabolism\/hypercalcemia-in-dogs-and-cats."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"240","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog","volume":"221","author":"Pressler\n              BM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pressler\n              BM\n            , RotsteinDS, LawJM, et al. Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221(2):263\u20135, 240."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"979","article-title":"Canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with neoplastic hypercalcemia","volume":"68","author":"Hori\n              Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hori\n              Y\n            , UechiM, KanakuboK, et al. Canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with neoplastic hypercalcemia. J Vet Med Sci2006;68(9):979\u201382."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"385","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with renal cell carcinoma in a dog","volume":"49","author":"Merrick\n              CH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merrick\n              CH\n            , SchleisSE, SmithAM, et al. Hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with renal cell carcinoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2013;49(6):385\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"376","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related peptide concentration in a dog with a complex mammary carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Bae\n              BK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bae\n              BK\n            , KimCW, ChoiUS, et al. Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related peptide concentration in a dog with a complex mammary carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol2007;36(4):376\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Identification of parathyroid hormone-related protein in canine apocrine adenocarcinoma of the anal sac","volume":"27","author":"Rosol\n              TJ","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rosol\n              TJ\n            , CapenCC, DanksJA, et al. Identification of parathyroid hormone-related protein in canine apocrine adenocarcinoma of the anal sac. Vet Pathol1990;27(2):89\u201395."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"131","author":"Rosol\n              TJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rosol\n              TJ\n            , NagodeLA, CoutoCGet al. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia. Endocrinology1992;131(2):1157\u201364."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"487","article-title":"The humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy. A newly appreciated syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Knecht\n              TP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knecht\n              TP\n            , BehlingCA, BurtonDW, et al. The humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy. A newly appreciated syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol1996;105(4):487\u201392."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2024","article-title":"PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia: causes and survival in 138 patients","volume":"100","author":"Donovan\n              PJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donovan\n              PJ\n            , AchongN, GriffinK, et al. PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia: causes and survival in 138 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2015;100(5):2024\u20139."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"bib24","series-title":"Jpn J Vet Res","first-page":"155","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in benign and malignant mammary mixed tumors of dogs with and without hypercalcemia","volume":"47","author":"Konno\n              A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Konno\n              A\n            , SukegawaA, KusanoM, et al. Immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in benign and malignant mammary mixed tumors of dogs with and without hypercalcemia. Jpn J Vet Res2000;47(3\u20134):155\u201362."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"775","article-title":"Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in a dog with benign renal angiomyxoma","volume":"22","author":"Gajanayake\n              I","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gajanayake\n              I\n            , PriestnallSL, BenigniL, et al. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in a dog with benign renal angiomyxoma. J Vet Diagn Invest2010;22(5):775\u201380."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib1","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"156","article-title":"Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia","volume":"27","author":"Bergman\n              PJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bergman\n              PJ\n            \n          . Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Top Companion Anim Med2012;27(4):156\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"205","article-title":"Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog","volume":"19","author":"Vascellari\n              M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vascellari\n              M\n            , TascaS, FurlanelloT, et al. Vertebral polyostotic lymphoma in a young dog. J Vet Diagn Invest2007;19(2):205\u20138."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Current Veterinary Therapy XIV","first-page":"247","article-title":"Canine hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism","author":"Feldman\n              EC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feldman\n              EC\n            , NelsonRW. Canine hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism. In: BonaguraJD, TwedtDC, eds. Current Veterinary Therapy XIV. 14th ed.St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:247\u201353."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"241","article-title":"A quick reference on hypercalcemia","volume":"47","author":"de Brito Galv\u00e3o\n              JF","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Brito Galv\u00e3o\n              JF\n            , SchenckPA, ChewDJ. A quick reference on hypercalcemia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2017;47(2):241\u20138."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hypercalcemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and emergent treatment","volume":"51","author":"Daniels\n              E","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daniels\n              E\n            , SakakeenyC. Hypercalcemia: pathophysiology, clinical signs, and emergent treatment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2015;51(5):291\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6","series-title":"J Midlife Health","first-page":"42","article-title":"Vaginal leiomyoma","volume":"2","author":"Chakrabati\n              I","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chakrabati\n              I\n            , DeA, PatiS. Vaginal leiomyoma. J Midlife Health2011;2(1):42\u20133."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","first-page":"447","article-title":"Female genital system","volume":"Vol. 3","author":"Schlafer\n              DH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schlafer\n              DH\n            , FosterRA. Female genital system. In: MaxieMG, ed. Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol. 3. 6th ed.St. Louis: Elsevier; 2016:447\u20138."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Case Rep Med","first-page":"815252","article-title":"Hypercalcemia: an unusual manifestation of uterine leiomyoma","author":"Garcha\n              AS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcha\n              AS\n            , GumasteP, CherianS, et al. Hypercalcemia: an unusual manifestation of uterine leiomyoma. Case Rep Med2013;815252."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9","series-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock","first-page":"87","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemic crisis in a pregnant woman with uterine leiomyoma","volume":"5","author":"Rahil\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rahil\n              A\n            , KhanFY. Humoral hypercalcemic crisis in a pregnant woman with uterine leiomyoma. J Emerg Trauma Shock2012;5(1):87\u20139."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"bib10","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Severe hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma in pregnancy","volume":"117","author":"Tarnawa\n              E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarnawa\n              E\n            , SullivanS, UnderwoodP, et al. Severe hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol2011;117(2 Pt 2):473\u20136."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"407","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy secondary to parathyroid hormone-related protein secreting uterine leiomyoma","volume":"335","author":"Dagdelen\n              S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dagdelen\n              S\n            , KalanI, GurlekA. Humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy secondary to parathyroid hormone-related protein secreting uterine leiomyoma. Am J Med Sci2008;335(5):407\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Gynecol Oncol","first-page":"269","article-title":"Hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"93","author":"Bilici\n              A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bilici\n              A\n            , DoventasA, KaradagB, et al. Hypercalcemia associated with uterine leiomyoma: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol2004;93(1):269\u201371."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib13","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"702","article-title":"Humoral hypercalcemia associated with a uterine fibroid","volume":"130","author":"Ravakhah\n              K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ravakhah\n              K\n            , GoverA, MukundaBN. Humoral hypercalcemia associated with a uterine fibroid. Ann Intern Med1999;130(8):702."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"606","article-title":"A challenging case: esophageal leiomyoma in a dog","volume":"103","author":"Lister\n              SA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lister\n              SA\n            , IsakowK. A challenging case: esophageal leiomyoma in a dog. Vet Med2008;103:606\u201310."},{"key":"bib15","article-title":"Hypercalcemia in dogs and cats","author":"Petersen\n              ME","unstructured":"Petersen\n              ME\n            \n          . Hypercalcemia in dogs and cats. Available at:www.merckvetmanual.com\/endocrine-system\/the-parathyroid-glands-and-disorders-of-calcium-metabolism\/hypercalcemia-in-dogs-and-cats."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"240","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog","volume":"221","author":"Pressler\n              BM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pressler\n              BM\n            , RotsteinDS, LawJM, et al. Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221(2):263\u20135, 240."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib17","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"979","article-title":"Canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with neoplastic hypercalcemia","volume":"68","author":"Hori\n              Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hori\n              Y\n            , UechiM, KanakuboK, et al. Canine ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinoma with neoplastic hypercalcemia. J Vet Med Sci2006;68(9):979\u201382."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib18","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"385","article-title":"Hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with renal cell carcinoma in a dog","volume":"49","author":"Merrick\n              CH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merrick\n              CH\n            , SchleisSE, SmithAM, et al. Hypercalcemia of malignancy associated with renal cell carcinoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2013;49(6):385\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"376","article-title":"Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related peptide concentration in a dog with a complex mammary carcinoma","volume":"36","author":"Bae\n              BK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bae\n              BK\n            , KimCW, ChoiUS, et al. Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related peptide concentration in a dog with a complex mammary carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol2007;36(4):376\u20138."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Identification of parathyroid hormone-related protein in canine apocrine adenocarcinoma of the anal sac","volume":"27","author":"Rosol\n              TJ","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rosol\n              TJ\n            , CapenCC, DanksJA, et al. Identification of parathyroid hormone-related protein in canine apocrine adenocarcinoma of the anal sac. Vet Pathol1990;27(2):89\u201395."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"1157","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia","volume":"131","author":"Rosol\n              TJ","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rosol\n              TJ\n            , NagodeLA, CoutoCGet al. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in dogs with cancer-associated hypercalcemia. Endocrinology1992;131(2):1157\u201364."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22","series-title":"Am J Clin Pathol","first-page":"487","article-title":"The humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy. A newly appreciated syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Knecht\n              TP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knecht\n              TP\n            , BehlingCA, BurtonDW, et al. The humoral hypercalcemia of benignancy. A newly appreciated syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol1996;105(4):487\u201392."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib23","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2024","article-title":"PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia: causes and survival in 138 patients","volume":"100","author":"Donovan\n              PJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donovan\n              PJ\n            , AchongN, GriffinK, et al. PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia: causes and survival in 138 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2015;100(5):2024\u20139."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"bib24","series-title":"Jpn J Vet Res","first-page":"155","article-title":"Immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in benign and malignant mammary mixed tumors of dogs with and without hypercalcemia","volume":"47","author":"Konno\n              A","year":"2000","unstructured":"Konno\n              A\n            , SukegawaA, KusanoM, et al. Immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in benign and malignant mammary mixed tumors of dogs with and without hypercalcemia. Jpn J Vet Res2000;47(3\u20134):155\u201362."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"775","article-title":"Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in a dog with benign renal angiomyxoma","volume":"22","author":"Gajanayake\n              I","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gajanayake\n              I\n            , PriestnallSL, BenigniL, et al. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia in a dog with benign renal angiomyxoma. 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