{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:47:05Z","timestamp":1787510825937,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coxofemoral luxation is the most common type of joint luxation observed clinically in dogs. This retrospective study determines the complications and outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of coxofemoral luxations using a toggle rod stabilization in 58 dogs. The purpose of the study was to compare the results with previous studies to ascertain commonalities and differences. A majority of the canine luxations were stabilized using a 4.0 or 3.2 mm commercial toggle rod and either one or two strands of OrthoFiber, FiberWire, or monofilament nylon suture. Postoperative complications developed in 25 of the 58 (43%) dogs, with major complications in 9 cases (15.5%). The most common major complication was reluxation, which occurred in 6 dogs (10%). Five of the 6 cases of reluxation received monofilament suture, although there was not a statistically significant relationship between suture type and reluxation. Owner responses to a questionnaire reported good to excellent results for satisfaction with the procedure in 90% of cases. Results of the present study suggest that toggle rod stabilization remains an effective method for the treatment of coxofemoral joint luxation in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T11:17:56Z","timestamp":1579605476000},"page":"83-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Coxofemoral Joint Luxation in Dogs Treated with Toggle Rod Stabilization: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Review with Client Survey"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"C. Todd","family":"Trostel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Inland Valley Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Upland, California (C.T.T.); and Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (D.B.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek B.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Inland Valley Veterinary Specialists & Emergency Center, Upland, California (C.T.T.); and Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (D.B.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"661","article-title":"Observations on the surgical treatment of hip dislocation in the dog and cat","volume":"15","author":"Fry\n              PD","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fry\n              PD\n            \n          . Observations on the surgical treatment of hip dislocation in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract1974;15:661\u201370."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"56","article-title":"Incidence of canine appendicular skeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980\u20131989","volume":"7","author":"Johnson\n              JA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson\n              JA\n            , AustinC, BruerGJ. Incidence of canine appendicular skeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980\u20131989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1994:7:56\u201369."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"356","article-title":"Spontaneous bilateral coxofemoral luxation in four dogs","volume":"36","author":"Trostel\n              CT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trostel\n              CT\n            , PeckJN, deHaanJJ. Spontaneous bilateral coxofemoral luxation in four dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2000:36:356\u201362."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"356","article-title":"Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in the dog and cat","volume":"15","author":"Basher\n              AWP","year":"1986","unstructured":"Basher\n              AWP\n            , WalterMC, NewtonCD. Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in the dog and cat. Vet Surg1986;15:356\u201362."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"140","article-title":"Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment","volume":"111","author":"Duff\n              SRI","year":"1982","unstructured":"Duff\n              SRI\n            , BennetD. Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment. Vet Rec1982;111:140\u20133."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"56","article-title":"Ischio-ilial pinning for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations in twenty-one dogs: a retrospective evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Beale\n              BS","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beale\n              BS\n            , LewisDD, ParkerRB, et al.\n          Ischio-ilial pinning for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations in twenty-one dogs: a retrospective evaluation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1991;7:56\u201369."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair","first-page":"468","article-title":"The hip joint","author":"DeCamp\n              CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeCamp\n              CE\n            , JohnstonSA, DejardinLM, et al.\n          The hip joint. In: BrinkerWO, PiermatteiDL, FloGL, eds. Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair. 5th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016;468\u2013517."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"381","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxations in dogs","volume":"13","author":"Fox\n              SM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fox\n              SM\n            \n          . Coxofemoral luxations in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet1991;13:381\u20138."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Traumatic joint luxations in small animals","volume":"25","author":"McLaughlin\n              RM","year":"1995","unstructured":"McLaughlin\n              RM\n            \n          . Traumatic joint luxations in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1995;25:1175\u201396."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"926","article-title":"Recognizing and treating joint luxations","volume":"12","author":"Bebchuk\n              TN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bebchuk\n              TN\n            \n          . Recognizing and treating joint luxations. Vet Med2000;12:926\u201333."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"759","article-title":"Acquired conditions that lead to osteoarthritis in the dog","volume":"27","author":"Martinez\n              SA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martinez\n              SA\n            , CoronadoGS. Acquired conditions that lead to osteoarthritis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1997; 27:759\u201375."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"984","article-title":"Toggle rod stabilization for treatment of hip joint luxation in dogs: 62 cases (2000\u20132005)","volume":"229","author":"Demko\n              JL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Demko\n              JL\n            , SidawayBK, ThiemanKM, et al.\n          Toggle rod stabilization for treatment of hip joint luxation in dogs: 62 cases (2000\u20132005). J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229:984\u20139."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Feline Orthopedics","first-page":"184","article-title":"Coxofemoral joint","author":"Scott\n              HM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scott\n              HM\n            , McLaughlinRM. Coxofemoral joint. In: Feline Orthopedics. London: Manson Publishing; 2007:184\u201391."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am","first-page":"503","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxation","volume":"1","author":"Pettit\n              GD","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pettit\n              GD\n            \n          . Coxofemoral luxation. Vet Clin North Am1971;1:503\u201322."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"353","article-title":"Left caudoventral luxation","volume":"151","author":"Robinson\n              GW","year":"1967","unstructured":"Robinson\n              GW\n            \n          . Left caudoventral luxation. J Am Vet Med Assoc1967;151:353\u20135."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxation in the dog","volume":"77","author":"Campbell\n              JR","year":"1965","unstructured":"Campbell\n              JR\n            , LawsonDD, WyburnRS. Coxofemoral luxation in the dog. Vet Rec1965;77:1173\u20137."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Recurrent coxofemoral luxation in fifteen dogs and one cat","volume":"177","author":"Hammer\n              DL","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hammer\n              DL\n            \n          . Recurrent coxofemoral luxation in fifteen dogs and one cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc1980;177:1018\u201320."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"263","article-title":"Traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs, results of repair","volume":"13","author":"Bone\n              DL","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bone\n              DL\n            , WalkerM, CantwellHD. Traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs, results of repair. Vet Surg1984;13:263\u201370."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"385","article-title":"Managing coxofemoral luxation in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Rochat\n              MC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rochat\n              MC\n            \n          . Managing coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Vet Med2001;5:385\u201390."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"59","article-title":"Long-term treatment of traumatic coxofemoral joint dislocation in dogs: 64 cases (1973\u20131992)","volume":"210","author":"Evers\n              P","year":"1997","unstructured":"Evers\n              P\n            , JohnsonGR, WallaceLJ, et al.\n          Long-term treatment of traumatic coxofemoral joint dislocation in dogs: 64 cases (1973\u20131992). J Am Vet Med Assoc1997;210:59\u201364."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"468","article-title":"Extra-articular absorbable suture stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Martini\n              FM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martini\n              FM\n            , SimonazziB, Del BueM. Extra-articular absorbable suture stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Vet Surg2001;30:468\u201375."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"198","article-title":"Treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxation by cemented total hip arthroplasty","volume":"17","author":"Pozzi\n              A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pozzi\n              A\n            , KowaleskiMP, DyceJ, et al.\n          Treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxation by cemented total hip arthroplasty. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2004;17:198\u2013203."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"57","article-title":"Toggle fixation for recurrent dislocation of the hip in the dog","volume":"6","author":"Lawson\n              DD","year":"1964","unstructured":"Lawson\n              DD\n            \n          . Toggle fixation for recurrent dislocation of the hip in the dog. J Small Anim Pract1964;6:57\u20139."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"69","article-title":"Treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxation with triple pelvic osteotomy in 19 dogs (1987\u20131999)","volume":"14","author":"Haburjak\n              JJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haburjak\n              JJ\n            , LenehanTM, HarariJ, et al.\n          Treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxation with triple pelvic osteotomy in 19 dogs (1987\u20131999). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2001;14:69\u201377."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"341","article-title":"Transposition of the sacrotuberous ligament for the treatment of coxofemoral luxation in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Kilic\n              E","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kilic\n              E\n            , OsaydinI, AtalanG, et al.\n          Transposition of the sacrotuberous ligament for the treatment of coxofemoral luxation in dogs. J Small Anim Pract2002;43:341\u20134."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Flexible fixation for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs","volume":"23","author":"McLaughlin\n              RM","year":"1994","unstructured":"McLaughlin\n              RM\n            , TillsonDM. Flexible fixation for craniodorsal coxofemoral luxations in dogs. Vet Surg1994;23:21\u201330."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"12","article-title":"Stabilization of traumatic coxofemoral luxation with an extra-capsular suture from the greater trochanter to the origin of the rectus femoris","volume":"17","author":"Shani\n              J","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shani\n              J\n            , JohnstonDE, ShaharR. Stabilization of traumatic coxofemoral luxation with an extra-capsular suture from the greater trochanter to the origin of the rectus femoris. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2004;17:12\u20136."},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"81","article-title":"Use of modified toggle pin repair of coxofemoral luxation in dogs with multiple orthopedic injuries: 14 cases (1986\u20131994)","volume":"208","author":"Beckham\n              HP","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beckham\n              HP\n            , SmithMM, KernDA. Use of modified toggle pin repair of coxofemoral luxation in dogs with multiple orthopedic injuries: 14 cases (1986\u20131994). J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;208:81\u20134."},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"49","article-title":"Stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation using tenodesis of the deep gluteal muscle","volume":"25","author":"Rochereau\n              P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rochereau\n              P\n            , BernardeA. Stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation using tenodesis of the deep gluteal muscle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2012;25:49\u201353."},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"46","article-title":"Reduction and stabilization of hip luxation by transposition of the ligament sacrotuberale in dogs: an in vivo study","volume":"32","author":"Ozaydin\n              I","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ozaydin\n              I\n            , KilicE, BaranV, et al.\n          Reduction and stabilization of hip luxation by transposition of the ligament sacrotuberale in dogs: an in vivo study. Vet Surg2003;32:46\u201351."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"114","article-title":"Modified Knowles toggle pin technique with nylon monofilament suture material for treatment of two caudoventral hip luxation cases","volume":"23","author":"Cetinkaya\n              MA","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cetinkaya\n              MA\n            , OlcayB. Modified Knowles toggle pin technique with nylon monofilament suture material for treatment of two caudoventral hip luxation cases. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2010;23:114\u20138."},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"182","article-title":"Combined intra-extra-articular technique for stabilisation of coxofemoral laxation. Preliminary results in two dogs","volume":"23","author":"Venturini\n              A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Venturini\n              A\n            , PinnaS, TamburroR. Combined intra-extra-articular technique for stabilisation of coxofemoral laxation. Preliminary results in two dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2010;23:182\u20135."},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"373","article-title":"Transarticular pinning as a treatment for hip luxation in the dog and cat","volume":"21","author":"Bennet\n              D","year":"1980","unstructured":"Bennet\n              D\n            , DuffSR. Transarticular pinning as a treatment for hip luxation in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract1980:21:373\u20139."},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"112","article-title":"Long-term results of transarticular pinning for surgical stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation in 20 cats","volume":"50","author":"Seissner\n              TR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seissner\n              TR\n            , WhitlockRG, Langley-HobbsSJ. Long-term results of transarticular pinning for surgical stabilisation of coxofemoral luxation in 20 cats. 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Am J Vet Res2001;62:721\u20138."},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"121","article-title":"Comparison of a suture anchor and a toggle rod for use in toggle pin fixation of coxofemoral luxation","volume":"42","author":"Spranklin\n              DB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spranklin\n              DB\n            , ElderSE, BoyleCR, et al.\n          Comparison of a suture anchor and a toggle rod for use in toggle pin fixation of coxofemoral luxation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2006;42:121\u20136."},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"948","article-title":"Mechanical analysis of twelve toggle constructs for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations","volume":"41","author":"Jha\n              S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jha\n              S\n            , KowaleskiMP. Mechanical analysis of twelve toggle constructs for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations. Vet Surg2012;41:948-953."},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"208","article-title":"In vitro biomechanics evaluation and comparison of FiberWire, FiberTape, OrthoFiber, and nylon leader line for potential use during extraarticular stabilization of canine cruciate deficient stifles","volume":"39","author":"Burgess\n              RCF","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burgess\n              RCF\n            , ElderSE, McLaughlinRM, et al.\n          In vitro biomechanics evaluation and comparison of FiberWire, FiberTape, OrthoFiber, and nylon leader line for potential use during extraarticular stabilization of canine cruciate deficient stifles. Vet Surg2010;39:208\u201315."},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"183","article-title":"Can owners and clinicians assess outcome in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process?","volume":"22","author":"Burton\n              NJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Burton\n              NJ\n            , OwenMR, ColborneGR. Can owners and clinicians assess outcome in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process?Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol2009; 22:183\u20139."},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"391","article-title":"Comparison of owner satisfaction between stifle joint orthoses and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs","volume":"249","author":"Hart\n              JL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hart\n              JL\n            , MayKD, KievesNR, et al.\n          Comparison of owner satisfaction between stifle joint orthoses and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for the management of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc2016; 249:391\u20138."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"661","article-title":"Observations on the surgical treatment of hip dislocation in the dog and cat","volume":"15","author":"Fry\n              PD","year":"1974","unstructured":"Fry\n              PD\n            \n          . Observations on the surgical treatment of hip dislocation in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract1974;15:661\u201370."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"56","article-title":"Incidence of canine appendicular skeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980\u20131989","volume":"7","author":"Johnson\n              JA","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson\n              JA\n            , AustinC, BruerGJ. Incidence of canine appendicular skeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980\u20131989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1994:7:56\u201369."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"356","article-title":"Spontaneous bilateral coxofemoral luxation in four dogs","volume":"36","author":"Trostel\n              CT","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trostel\n              CT\n            , PeckJN, deHaanJJ. Spontaneous bilateral coxofemoral luxation in four dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2000:36:356\u201362."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"356","article-title":"Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in the dog and cat","volume":"15","author":"Basher\n              AWP","year":"1986","unstructured":"Basher\n              AWP\n            , WalterMC, NewtonCD. Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in the dog and cat. Vet Surg1986;15:356\u201362."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"140","article-title":"Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment","volume":"111","author":"Duff\n              SRI","year":"1982","unstructured":"Duff\n              SRI\n            , BennetD. Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment. Vet Rec1982;111:140\u20133."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"56","article-title":"Ischio-ilial pinning for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations in twenty-one dogs: a retrospective evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Beale\n              BS","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beale\n              BS\n            , LewisDD, ParkerRB, et al.\n          Ischio-ilial pinning for stabilization of coxofemoral luxations in twenty-one dogs: a retrospective evaluation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol1991;7:56\u201369."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair","first-page":"468","article-title":"The hip joint","author":"DeCamp\n              CE","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeCamp\n              CE\n            , JohnstonSA, DejardinLM, et al.\n          The hip joint. In: BrinkerWO, PiermatteiDL, FloGL, eds. Handbook of Small Animal Orthopedics and Fracture Repair. 5th ed.Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2016;468\u2013517."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"381","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxations in dogs","volume":"13","author":"Fox\n              SM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fox\n              SM\n            \n          . Coxofemoral luxations in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet1991;13:381\u20138."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Traumatic joint luxations in small animals","volume":"25","author":"McLaughlin\n              RM","year":"1995","unstructured":"McLaughlin\n              RM\n            \n          . Traumatic joint luxations in small animals. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1995;25:1175\u201396."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"926","article-title":"Recognizing and treating joint luxations","volume":"12","author":"Bebchuk\n              TN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bebchuk\n              TN\n            \n          . Recognizing and treating joint luxations. Vet Med2000;12:926\u201333."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"759","article-title":"Acquired conditions that lead to osteoarthritis in the dog","volume":"27","author":"Martinez\n              SA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martinez\n              SA\n            , CoronadoGS. Acquired conditions that lead to osteoarthritis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1997; 27:759\u201375."},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"984","article-title":"Toggle rod stabilization for treatment of hip joint luxation in dogs: 62 cases (2000\u20132005)","volume":"229","author":"Demko\n              JL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Demko\n              JL\n            , SidawayBK, ThiemanKM, et al.\n          Toggle rod stabilization for treatment of hip joint luxation in dogs: 62 cases (2000\u20132005). J Am Vet Med Assoc2006;229:984\u20139."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Feline Orthopedics","first-page":"184","article-title":"Coxofemoral joint","author":"Scott\n              HM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scott\n              HM\n            , McLaughlinRM. Coxofemoral joint. In: Feline Orthopedics. London: Manson Publishing; 2007:184\u201391."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am","first-page":"503","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxation","volume":"1","author":"Pettit\n              GD","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pettit\n              GD\n            \n          . Coxofemoral luxation. Vet Clin North Am1971;1:503\u201322."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"353","article-title":"Left caudoventral luxation","volume":"151","author":"Robinson\n              GW","year":"1967","unstructured":"Robinson\n              GW\n            \n          . Left caudoventral luxation. J Am Vet Med Assoc1967;151:353\u20135."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Coxofemoral luxation in the dog","volume":"77","author":"Campbell\n              JR","year":"1965","unstructured":"Campbell\n              JR\n            , LawsonDD, WyburnRS. Coxofemoral luxation in the dog. Vet Rec1965;77:1173\u20137."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Recurrent coxofemoral luxation in fifteen dogs and one cat","volume":"177","author":"Hammer\n              DL","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hammer\n              DL\n            \n          . Recurrent coxofemoral luxation in fifteen dogs and one cat. 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