{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:24Z","timestamp":1772327004210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA), a malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial or bone marrow progenitor cell origin, most often affects the spleen, heart, and liver and typically has an aggressive biologic behavior. Canine HSA arising from the falciform fat\/ligament represents a rare anatomic variant, with only two reports in the veterinary literature. In this study, we describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of seven dogs with primary HSA of the falciform ligament. Histologic grade and mitotic score were not significantly associated with outcome. All dogs had the primary tumor surgically excised except for one diagnosed at necropsy. Median overall survival for all dogs diagnosed prior to necropsy was 339 days, and the 1 yr survival rate was 50%. Four dogs were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and had a significantly longer median overall survival (394 versus 83 days) than those that did not (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .018). Dogs with HSA of the falciform ligament may have improved 1 yr survival rates and longer median survival time compared with dogs with HSA in more common visceral locations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T11:17:56Z","timestamp":1579605476000},"page":"120-126","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Primary Hemangiosarcoma of the Falciform Fat in Seven Dogs (2007\u20132015)"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Susan Esther","family":"Mendez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oncology (S.E.M.) and the Comparative Pathology Core (A.C.D.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Corteva Agriscience, Wilmington, Delaware (S.E.S.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Sykes Crumplar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oncology (S.E.M.) and the Comparative Pathology Core (A.C.D.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Corteva Agriscience, Wilmington, Delaware (S.E.S.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy C.","family":"Durham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Oncology (S.E.M.) and the Comparative Pathology Core (A.C.D.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Corteva Agriscience, Wilmington, Delaware (S.E.S.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"388","article-title":"Pathobiology of hemangiosarcoma in dogs: Research advances and future perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Kim\n              JH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim\n              JH\n            , GraefAJ, DickersonEB, et al.\n          Pathobiology of hemangiosarcoma in dogs: Research advances and future perspectives. Vet Sci2015;2:388\u2013405."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Tumors in Domestic Animals","article-title":"Mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues","author":"Hendrick\n              MJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hendrick\n              MJ\n            \n          . Mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues. In: MeutenDJ, ed. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed.Ames (IA): Blackwell Publishing; 2017;162\u20133, 309\u201313, 404\u20136, 462, 626\u20138, 650, 939."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"522","article-title":"A retrospective study of visceral and nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma and hemangiomas in domestic animals","volume":"16","author":"Schultheiss\n              PC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schultheiss\n              PC\n            \n          . A retrospective study of visceral and nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma and hemangiomas in domestic animals. J Vet Diagn Invest2004;16:522\u20136."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"379","article-title":"Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma","volume":"10","author":"Ogilvie\n              GK","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ogilvie\n              GK\n            , PowersPE, MallinckrodtCH, et al.\n          Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med1996;10:379\u201384."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"417","article-title":"Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991\u20131993)","volume":"34","author":"Wood\n              CA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wood\n              CA\n            , MooreAS, GliattoJM, et al.\n          Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991\u20131993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1998;34:417\u201321."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Exp Hematol","first-page":"870","article-title":"Canine hemangiosarcoma originates from hematopoietic precursors with potential for endothelial differentiation","volume":"34","author":"Lamerato-Kozicki\n              AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lamerato-Kozicki\n              AR\n            , HelmKM, JubalaCM, et al.\n          Canine hemangiosarcoma originates from hematopoietic precursors with potential for endothelial differentiation. Exp Hematol2006;34:870\u20138."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"393","article-title":"Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001\u20132012)","volume":"247","author":"Wendelburg\n              KM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wendelburg\n              KM\n            , PriceLL, BurgessKE, et al.\n          Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001\u20132012). J Am Vet Med Assoc2015;247:393\u2013403."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs: a review of 51 cases","volume":"75","author":"Yamamoto\n              S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamamoto\n              S\n            , HoshiK, HirakawaA, et al.\n          Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs: a review of 51 cases. J Vet Med Sci2013;75:1433\u201341."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Retroperitoneal sarcomas in dogs: 14 cases (1992\u20132002)","volume":"224","author":"Liptak\n              JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liptak\n              JM\n            , DernellWS, EhrhartEJ, et al.\n          Retroperitoneal sarcomas in dogs: 14 cases (1992\u20132002). J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1471\u20137."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"187","article-title":"Effects of palliative radiation therapy on nonsplenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Hillers\n              KR","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hillers\n              KR\n            , LanaSE, FullerCR, et al.\n          Effects of palliative radiation therapy on nonsplenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2007;43:187\u201392."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"198","article-title":"Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996\u20132011","volume":"12","author":"Burton\n              JH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burton\n              JH\n            , PowersBE, BillerBJ. Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996\u20132011. Vet Comp Oncol2014;12:198\u2013204."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"65","article-title":"Clinical outcome in 94 cases of dermal haemangiosarcoma in dogs treated with surgical excision: 1993-2007*","volume":"10","author":"Szivek\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szivek\n              A\n            , BurnsRE, GericotaB, et al.\n          Clinical outcome in 94 cases of dermal haemangiosarcoma in dogs treated with surgical excision: 1993-2007*. Vet Comp Oncol2012;10(1):65\u201373."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"472","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma","volume":"238","author":"Shiu\n              KB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiu\n              KB\n            , FloryAB, AndersonCL, et al.\n          Predictors of outcome in dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc2011;238:472\u20139."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Millers Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Miller\n              ME","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller\n              ME\n            , EvansHE, deLahuntaA. Millers Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed.St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2013."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"133","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Hemangiosarcoma of the falciform ligament","volume":"202","author":"Triolo\n              J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Triolo\n              J\n            , BreuBA. What is your diagnosis? Hemangiosarcoma of the falciform ligament. J Am Vet Med Assoc1993;202:133\u20134."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"355","article-title":"Laparoscopic-assisted extirpation of falciform ligament hemangiosarcoma in a dog","volume":"56","author":"Hoddinott\n              K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoddinott\n              K\n            , SinghA, CrawfordEC, et al.\n          Laparoscopic-assisted extirpation of falciform ligament hemangiosarcoma in a dog. Can Vet J2015;56:355\u20138."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol","first-page":"13023","article-title":"Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Liu\n              R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu\n              R\n            , JiaW, ZouH, et al.\n          Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol2015;8:13023\u201333."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"25","article-title":"Comparison of doxorubicin\u2013cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin\u2013dacarbazine for the adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Finotello\n              R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finotello\n              R\n            , StefanelloD, ZiniE, et al.\n          Comparison of doxorubicin\u2013cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin\u2013dacarbazine for the adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol2017;15:25\u201335."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"370","article-title":"VAC protocol for treatment of dogs with stage III hemangiosarcoma","volume":"49","author":"Alvarez\n              FJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvarez\n              FJ\n            , HosoyaK, Lara-GarciaA, et al.\n          VAC protocol for treatment of dogs with stage III hemangiosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2013;49:370\u20137."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"209","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma","volume":"18","author":"Sorenmo\n              KU","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sorenmo\n              KU\n            , BaezJL, CliffordCA, et al.\n          Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med2004;18:209\u201313."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997\u20132004)","volume":"231","author":"Kim\n              SE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim\n              SE\n            , LiptakJM, GallTT, et al.\n          Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;231:1550\u20137."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"559","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical and histologic factors associated with survival time in dogs with stage II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: 30 cases (2011\u20132014)","volume":"251","author":"Moore\n              AS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore\n              AS\n            , RassnickKM, FrimbergerAE. Evaluation of clinical and histologic factors associated with survival time in dogs with stage II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: 30 cases (2011\u20132014). J Am Vet Med Assoc2017;251:559\u201365."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"166","article-title":"Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Spangler\n              WL","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spangler\n              WL\n            , KassPH. Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs. J Vet Intern Med1997;11:166\u201371."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"30","article-title":"Canine splenic haemangiosarcoma: influence of metastases, chemotherapy and growth pattern on postsplenectomy survival and expression of angiogenic factors","volume":"149","author":"G\u00f6ritz\n              M","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00f6ritz\n              M\n            , M\u00fcllerK, KrastelD, et al.\n          Canine splenic haemangiosarcoma: influence of metastases, chemotherapy and growth pattern on postsplenectomy survival and expression of angiogenic factors. J Comp Pathol2013;149:30\u20139."},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma","volume":"21","author":"Sorenmo\n              K","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sorenmo\n              K\n            , SamlukM, CliffordC, et al.\n          Clinical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of intracavitary administration of pegylated liposomal encapsulated doxorubicin in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med2007;21:1347\u201354."},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"370","article-title":"Chemotherapy of canine hemangiosarcoma with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide","volume":"7","author":"Sorenmo\n              KU","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sorenmo\n              KU\n            , JeglumKA, HelfandSC. Chemotherapy of canine hemangiosarcoma with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. J Vet Intern Med1993;7:370\u20136."},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"171","article-title":"Treatment of vascular and soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs using an alternating protocol of ifosfamide and doxorubicin","volume":"1","author":"Payne\n              SE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Payne\n              SE\n            , RassnickKM, NorthrupNC, et al.\n          Treatment of vascular and soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs using an alternating protocol of ifosfamide and doxorubicin. Vet Comp Oncol2003;1:171\u20139."},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"160","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of VAC chemotherapy (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) in dogs with hemangiosarcoma","volume":"5","author":"Hammer\n              AS","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hammer\n              AS\n            , CoutoCG, FilppiJ, et al.\n          Efficacy and toxicity of VAC chemotherapy (vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide) in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med1991;5:160\u20136."},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"764","article-title":"Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs","volume":"21","author":"Lana\n              S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lana\n              S\n            , U\u2019RenL, PlazaS, et al.\n          Continuous low-dose oral chemotherapy for adjuvant therapy of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs, J Vet Intern Med2007;21:764\u20139."},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"207","article-title":"Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the dog","volume":"4","author":"Waters\n              DJ","year":"1990","unstructured":"Waters\n              DJ\n            , HaydenDW. Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis in the dog. J Vet Intern Med1990;4:207\u201315."},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"191","article-title":"Primary lumbar extradural hemangiosarcoma in a dog","volume":"51","author":"Paek\n              M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paek\n              M\n            , GlassE, KentM, et al.\n          Primary lumbar extradural hemangiosarcoma in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2015;51:191\u20136."},{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"388","article-title":"Pathobiology of hemangiosarcoma in dogs: Research advances and future perspectives","volume":"2","author":"Kim\n              JH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim\n              JH\n            , GraefAJ, DickersonEB, et al.\n          Pathobiology of hemangiosarcoma in dogs: Research advances and future perspectives. Vet Sci2015;2:388\u2013405."},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Tumors in Domestic Animals","article-title":"Mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues","author":"Hendrick\n              MJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hendrick\n              MJ\n            \n          . Mesenchymal tumors of the skin and soft tissues. In: MeutenDJ, ed. Tumors in Domestic Animals. 5th ed.Ames (IA): Blackwell Publishing; 2017;162\u20133, 309\u201313, 404\u20136, 462, 626\u20138, 650, 939."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"522","article-title":"A retrospective study of visceral and nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma and hemangiomas in domestic animals","volume":"16","author":"Schultheiss\n              PC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schultheiss\n              PC\n            \n          . A retrospective study of visceral and nonvisceral hemangiosarcoma and hemangiomas in domestic animals. J Vet Diagn Invest2004;16:522\u20136."},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"379","article-title":"Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma","volume":"10","author":"Ogilvie\n              GK","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ogilvie\n              GK\n            , PowersPE, MallinckrodtCH, et al.\n          Surgery and doxorubicin in dogs with hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med1996;10:379\u201384."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"417","article-title":"Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991\u20131993)","volume":"34","author":"Wood\n              CA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wood\n              CA\n            , MooreAS, GliattoJM, et al.\n          Prognosis for dogs with stage I or II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy alone: 32 cases (1991\u20131993). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1998;34:417\u201321."},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Exp Hematol","first-page":"870","article-title":"Canine hemangiosarcoma originates from hematopoietic precursors with potential for endothelial differentiation","volume":"34","author":"Lamerato-Kozicki\n              AR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lamerato-Kozicki\n              AR\n            , HelmKM, JubalaCM, et al.\n          Canine hemangiosarcoma originates from hematopoietic precursors with potential for endothelial differentiation. Exp Hematol2006;34:870\u20138."},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"393","article-title":"Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001\u20132012)","volume":"247","author":"Wendelburg\n              KM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wendelburg\n              KM\n            , PriceLL, BurgessKE, et al.\n          Survival time of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy: 208 cases (2001\u20132012). J Am Vet Med Assoc2015;247:393\u2013403."},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs: a review of 51 cases","volume":"75","author":"Yamamoto\n              S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yamamoto\n              S\n            , HoshiK, HirakawaA, et al.\n          Epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma in dogs: a review of 51 cases. J Vet Med Sci2013;75:1433\u201341."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Retroperitoneal sarcomas in dogs: 14 cases (1992\u20132002)","volume":"224","author":"Liptak\n              JM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liptak\n              JM\n            , DernellWS, EhrhartEJ, et al.\n          Retroperitoneal sarcomas in dogs: 14 cases (1992\u20132002). J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1471\u20137."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"187","article-title":"Effects of palliative radiation therapy on nonsplenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Hillers\n              KR","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hillers\n              KR\n            , LanaSE, FullerCR, et al.\n          Effects of palliative radiation therapy on nonsplenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2007;43:187\u201392."},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"198","article-title":"Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996\u20132011","volume":"12","author":"Burton\n              JH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burton\n              JH\n            , PowersBE, BillerBJ. Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996\u20132011. Vet Comp Oncol2014;12:198\u2013204."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"65","article-title":"Clinical outcome in 94 cases of dermal haemangiosarcoma in dogs treated with surgical excision: 1993-2007*","volume":"10","author":"Szivek\n              A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szivek\n              A\n            , BurnsRE, GericotaB, et al.\n          Clinical outcome in 94 cases of dermal haemangiosarcoma in dogs treated with surgical excision: 1993-2007*. Vet Comp Oncol2012;10(1):65\u201373."},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"472","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma","volume":"238","author":"Shiu\n              KB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiu\n              KB\n            , FloryAB, AndersonCL, et al.\n          Predictors of outcome in dogs with subcutaneous or intramuscular hemangiosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc2011;238:472\u20139."},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Millers Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Miller\n              ME","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller\n              ME\n            , EvansHE, deLahuntaA. Millers Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed.St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2013."},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"133","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Hemangiosarcoma of the falciform ligament","volume":"202","author":"Triolo\n              J","year":"1993","unstructured":"Triolo\n              J\n            , BreuBA. What is your diagnosis? Hemangiosarcoma of the falciform ligament. J Am Vet Med Assoc1993;202:133\u20134."},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"355","article-title":"Laparoscopic-assisted extirpation of falciform ligament hemangiosarcoma in a dog","volume":"56","author":"Hoddinott\n              K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoddinott\n              K\n            , SinghA, CrawfordEC, et al.\n          Laparoscopic-assisted extirpation of falciform ligament hemangiosarcoma in a dog. Can Vet J2015;56:355\u20138."},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol","first-page":"13023","article-title":"Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Liu\n              R","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu\n              R\n            , JiaW, ZouH, et al.\n          Expression of CD44 and CD29 by PEComa cells suggests their possible origin of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol2015;8:13023\u201333."},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"25","article-title":"Comparison of doxorubicin\u2013cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin\u2013dacarbazine for the adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Finotello\n              R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finotello\n              R\n            , StefanelloD, ZiniE, et al.\n          Comparison of doxorubicin\u2013cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin\u2013dacarbazine for the adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol2017;15:25\u201335."},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"370","article-title":"VAC protocol for treatment of dogs with stage III hemangiosarcoma","volume":"49","author":"Alvarez\n              FJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvarez\n              FJ\n            , HosoyaK, Lara-GarciaA, et al.\n          VAC protocol for treatment of dogs with stage III hemangiosarcoma. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2013;49:370\u20137."},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"209","article-title":"Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma","volume":"18","author":"Sorenmo\n              KU","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sorenmo\n              KU\n            , BaezJL, CliffordCA, et al.\n          Efficacy and toxicity of a dose-intensified doxorubicin protocol in canine hemangiosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med2004;18:209\u201313."},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997\u20132004)","volume":"231","author":"Kim\n              SE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim\n              SE\n            , LiptakJM, GallTT, et al.\n          Epirubicin in the adjuvant treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 59 cases (1997\u20132004). J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;231:1550\u20137."},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"559","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical and histologic factors associated with survival time in dogs with stage II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: 30 cases (2011\u20132014)","volume":"251","author":"Moore\n              AS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore\n              AS\n            , RassnickKM, FrimbergerAE. Evaluation of clinical and histologic factors associated with survival time in dogs with stage II splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy: 30 cases (2011\u20132014). J Am Vet Med Assoc2017;251:559\u201365."},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"166","article-title":"Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Spangler\n              WL","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spangler\n              WL\n            , KassPH. Pathologic factors affecting postsplenectomy survival in dogs. J Vet Intern Med1997;11:166\u201371."},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"30","article-title":"Canine splenic haemangiosarcoma: influence of metastases, chemotherapy and growth pattern on postsplenectomy survival and expression of angiogenic factors","volume":"149","author":"G\u00f6ritz\n              M","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00f6ritz\n              M\n            , M\u00fcllerK, KrastelD, et al.\n          Canine splenic haemangiosarcoma: influence of metastases, chemotherapy and growth pattern on postsplenectomy survival and expression of angiogenic factors. 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