{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:15Z","timestamp":1787031855022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n A 9.5 yr old Yorkshire terrier presented with chronic intermittent vomiting and lethargy of 1.5 yr duration that progressed to generalized weakness. Insulin:glucose ratio was consistent with an insulinoma. Triple-phase computed tomography revealed a mid-body pancreatic nodule. The mid-body pancreatic nodule was enucleated; histopathology was consistent with an insulinoma. Two weeks after the operation, the dog presented for anorexia and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a thick-walled cystic lesion along the dorsal stomach wall. An intramural gastric pseudocyst was diagnosed via exploratory laparotomy and intraoperative gastroscopy. Comparison of amylase and lipase levels of the cystic fluid with that of concurrent blood serum samples confirmed the lesion was of pancreatic pseudocyst origin. The gastric pseudocyst was omentalized. Two weeks after the operation, the dog re-presented for anorexia, regurgitation, and diarrhea. An intramural duodenal pseudocyst was identified and treated with a duodenal resection and anastomosis. The dog has remained asymptomatic and recurrence free based on serial abdominal ultrasounds 22 mo following insulinoma removal. To our knowledge, this phenomenon of pancreatic pseudocysts forming in organs other than the pancreas has not been reported in dogs. This case report and comprehensive human literature review purpose is to raise awareness of this disease process in dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-6992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T20:32:19Z","timestamp":1633379539000},"page":"96-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Gastrointestinal Intramural Pancreatic Pseudocysts in a Dog: A Case Report and Human Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tiffany A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arathi","family":"Vinayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Y.","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"139","article-title":"Use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device in resection of canine insulinoma","volume":"52","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wouters\n EG,\n \n \n Buishand\n FO,\n \n \n Kik\n M,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tUse of a bipolar vessel-sealing device in resection of canine insulinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t139\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t45."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"151","article-title":"Improved survival in a retrospective cohort of 28 dogs with insulinoma","volume":"48","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polton\n GA,\n \n \n White\n RN,\n \n \n Brearley\n MJ,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tImproved survival in a retrospective cohort of 28 dogs with insulinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t48:\n\t\t\t\t\t151\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b3","series-title":"Minerva Chir","first-page":"2271","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of duodenocephalopancreatectomy. 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pseudocyst in a dog","volume":"57","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadler\n RA,\n \n \n Fields\n EL,\n \n \n Whittemore\n JC.\n \n \n Attempted ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a suspected pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan Vet J2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t57:\n\t\t\t\t\t1169\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t74."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b43","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"515","article-title":"Resolution of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog following percutaneous ultrasonographic-guided drainage","volume":"34","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith\n SA\n \n \n Biller\n DS.\n \n \n Resolution of a pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog following percutaneous ultrasonographic-guided drainage.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t515\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b44","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"827","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum","volume":"133","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bellon\n EM,\n \n \n George\n CR,\n \n \n Schreiber\n H,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum.\n\t\t\t\t\tAJR Am J Roentgenol1979;\n\t\t\t\t\t133:\n\t\t\t\t\t827\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t31."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b45","series-title":"Gastrointest Radiol","first-page":"113","article-title":"Gastric intramural pseudocyst: computed tomographic diagnosis","volume":"14","year":"1989","unstructured":"Milici\n LP\n \n \n Markowitz\n SK.\n \n \n Gastric intramural pseudocyst: computed tomographic diagnosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tGastrointest Radiol1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t14:\n\t\t\t\t\t113\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b46","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Computed tomography of pancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum","volume":"145","year":"1985","unstructured":"McCowin\n MJ\n \n \n Federle\n MP.\n \n \n Computed tomography of pancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum.\n\t\t\t\t\tAJR Am J Roentgenol1985;\n\t\t\t\t\t145:\n\t\t\t\t\t1003\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b47","series-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol","first-page":"466","article-title":"Intramural pancreatic pseudocyst in the gastric wall: diagnosis by sonography and ultrasound-guided puncture","volume":"12","year":"1990","unstructured":"Koop\n I,\n \n \n Monnikes\n H,\n \n \n Fehmann\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIntramural pancreatic pseudocyst in the gastric wall: diagnosis by sonography and ultrasound-guided puncture.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Gastroenterol1990;\n\t\t\t\t\t12:\n\t\t\t\t\t466\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b48","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"229","article-title":"Gastric intramural pseudocyst\u2014a complication of percutaneous drainage of an acute pancreatic pseudocyst","volume":"98","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wagholikar\n GD,\n \n \n Ibrarullah\n M,\n \n \n Venkataramanapa\n M.\n \n \n Gastric intramural pseudocyst\u2014a complication of percutaneous drainage of an acute pancreatic pseudocyst.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Gastroenterol2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t98:\n\t\t\t\t\t229\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t31."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b49","series-title":"South Med J","first-page":"534","article-title":"Gastric intramural pseudocyst with associated gastric outlet obstruction: recognition and management","volume":"89","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vitello\n JM.\n \n \n Gastric intramural pseudocyst with associated gastric outlet obstruction: recognition and management.\n\t\t\t\t\tSouth Med J1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t89:\n\t\t\t\t\t534\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b50","series-title":"Gastrointest Endosc","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Clinical presentation, radiological features, and endoscopic management of mediastinal pseudocysts: experience of a decade","volume":"76","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhasin\n DK,\n \n \n Rana\n SS,\n \n \n Rao\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical presentation, radiological features, and endoscopic management of mediastinal pseudocysts: experience of a decade.\n\t\t\t\t\tGastrointest Endosc2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t1056\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b51","series-title":"JOP","first-page":"187","article-title":"Endoscopic management of pancreatic injury due to abdominal trauma","volume":"13","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhasin\n DK,\n \n \n Rana\n SS,\n \n \n Rao\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEndoscopic management of pancreatic injury due to abdominal trauma.\n\t\t\t\t\tJOP2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t187\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t92."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b52","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"180","article-title":"Pancreatic abscess in a cat with diabetes mellitus","volume":"51","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee\n M,\n \n \n Kang\n JH,\n \n \n Chang\n D,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPancreatic abscess in a cat with diabetes mellitus.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t51:\n\t\t\t\t\t180\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b53","series-title":"Jpn J Radiol","first-page":"525","article-title":"Imaging of congenital pancreatic lesions: emphasis on key imaging features","volume":"33","year":"2015","unstructured":"Srisajjakul\n S,\n \n \n Prapaisilp\n P,\n \n \n Bangchokdee\n S.\n \n \n Imaging of congenital pancreatic lesions: emphasis on key imaging features.\n\t\t\t\t\tJpn J Radiol2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t525\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t32."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b54","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"84","article-title":"Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"67","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steiner\n JM,\n \n \n Rutz\n GM,\n \n \n Williams\n DA.\n \n \n Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet 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in acute severe pancreatitis","volume":"101","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarathi Patra\n P,\n \n \n Das\n K,\n \n \n Bhattacharyya\n A,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNatural resolution or intervention for fluid collections in acute severe pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Surg2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t101:\n\t\t\t\t\t1721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b58","series-title":"Z Gastroenterol","first-page":"125","article-title":"Review of current therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"53","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guenther\n L,\n \n \n Hardt\n PD,\n \n \n Collet\n P.\n \n \n Review of current therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts.\n\t\t\t\t\tZ Gastroenterol2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"139","article-title":"Use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device in resection of canine insulinoma","volume":"52","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wouters\n EG,\n \n \n Buishand\n FO,\n \n \n Kik\n M,\n 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Description of a case","volume":"44","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goi\n M,\n \n \n Franchello\n A,\n \n \n Olivero\n G,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of duodenocephalopancreatectomy. Description of a case.\n\t\t\t\t\tMinerva Chir1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t44:\n\t\t\t\t\t2271\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3[in Italian]."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b4","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e9157","article-title":"Intramural gastric pseudocyst: A case report and a comprehensive literature review","volume":"96","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soreide\n JA,\n \n \n Al-Saiddi\n MSS,\n \n \n Karlsen\n LN.\n \n \n Intramural gastric pseudocyst: A case report and a comprehensive literature review.\n\t\t\t\t\tMedicine (Baltimore)2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t96:\n\t\t\t\t\te9157."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b5","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"584","article-title":"Gastric intramural pseudocyst in chronic pancreatitis","volume":"111","year":"1966","unstructured":"Radke\n HM,\n \n \n Bell\n JW\n \n :\n\t\t\t\t\tGastric intramural pseudocyst in chronic pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Surg1966;\n\t\t\t\t\t111:\n\t\t\t\t\t584\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b6","series-title":"Endosc Ultrasound","first-page":"194","article-title":"Intramural pseudocysts of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"2","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rana\n SS,\n \n \n Bhasin\n DK,\n \n \n Rao\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIntramural pseudocysts of the upper gastrointestinal tract.\n\t\t\t\t\tEndosc Ultrasound2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t2:\n\t\t\t\t\t194\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b7","series-title":"Ann Gastroenterol","first-page":"71","article-title":"Gastric outlet obstruction caused by duodenal intramural pseudocyst","volume":"26","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rana\n SS,\n \n \n Bhasin\n DK,\n \n \n Rao\n C,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tGastric outlet obstruction caused by duodenal intramural pseudocyst.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Gastroenterol2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t26:\n\t\t\t\t\t71."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b8","series-title":"Z 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Today","first-page":"805","article-title":"Intramural pseudocyst of the duodenum caused by pancreatic head cancer: report of a case","volume":"42","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sugiura\n T,\n \n \n Uesaka\n K,\n \n \n Kanomata\n H,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIntramural pseudocyst of the duodenum caused by pancreatic head cancer: report of a case.\n\t\t\t\t\tSurg Today2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t805\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b11","series-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol","first-page":"e20","article-title":"Gastric intramural pseudocyst presenting as a gastric submucosal lesion","volume":"5","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chiu\n HH,\n \n \n Liu\n YW,\n \n \n Li\n JH.\n \n \n Gastric intramural pseudocyst presenting as a gastric submucosal lesion.\n\t\t\t\t\tClin Gastroenterol Hepatol2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\te20\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b12","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"102","article-title":"Classification of acute 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pancreatitis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kostyrnoi\n AV.\n \n \n Pancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of acute pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tKlin Khir2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7[in Russian]."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b23","series-title":"Chirurg","first-page":"881","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis. Differential diagnosis and therapy","volume":"68","year":"1997","unstructured":"Reber\n PU,\n \n \n Uhl\n W,\n \n \n Buchler\n MW.\n \n \n Pancreatic pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis. Differential diagnosis and therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tChirurg1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t68:\n\t\t\t\t\t881\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7[in German]. [Mismatch]"},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b24","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"157","article-title":"Pancreatic cyst in a cat","volume":"53","year":"2005","unstructured":"Coleman\n MG,\n \n \n Robson\n MC,\n \n \n Harvey\n C.\n \n \n Pancreatic cyst in a cat.\n\t\t\t\t\tN Z Vet J2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b25","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"309","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 dogs and 2 cats: ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"VanEnkevort\n BA,\n \n \n O\u2019Brien\n RT,\n \n \n Young\n KM.\n \n \n Pancreatic pseudocysts in 4 dogs and 2 cats: ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic findings.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Intern Med1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t309\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t13."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b26","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"275","article-title":"Clinical assessment compared with cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas","volume":"119","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sand\n JA,\n \n \n Hyoty\n MK,\n \n \n Mattila\n J,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tClinical assessment compared with cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas.\n\t\t\t\t\tSurgery1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t119:\n\t\t\t\t\t275\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t80."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b27","series-title":"BMC Gastroenterol","first-page":"143","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for pancreatic pseudocysts formation, intervention and recurrence: a 15-year retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in China","volume":"18","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan\n JH,\n \n \n Zhou\n L,\n \n \n Cao\n RC,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIdentification of risk factors for pancreatic pseudocysts formation, intervention and recurrence: a 15-year retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in China.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Gastroenterol2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t143."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b28","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and clinical course of pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis","volume":"59","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cui\n ML,\n \n \n Kim\n KH,\n \n \n Kim\n HG,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tIncidence, risk factors and clinical course of pancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tDig Dis Sci2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t59:\n\t\t\t\t\t1055\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t62."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b29","series-title":"Pancreas","first-page":"577","article-title":"Acute pancreatic pseudocyst: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes","volume":"41","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n KO\n \n \n Kim\n TN.\n \n \n Acute pancreatic pseudocyst: incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes.\n\t\t\t\t\tPancreas2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t577\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t81."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b30","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e14255","article-title":"Endoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farias\n GFA,\n \n \n Bernardo\n WM,\n \n \n De Moura\n DTH,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tEndoscopic versus surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocysts: Systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tMedicine (Baltimore)2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t98:\n\t\t\t\t\te14255."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b31","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"262","article-title":"A case report of giant pancreatic pseudocyst following acute pancreatitis: experience with endoscopic internal drainage","volume":"11","year":"2018","unstructured":"Udeshika\n WAE,\n \n \n Herath\n HMMT,\n \n \n Dassanayake\n SUB,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tA case report of giant pancreatic pseudocyst following acute pancreatitis: experience with endoscopic internal drainage.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Res Notes2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t262."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b32","series-title":"Gastrointest Endosc","first-page":"S226","article-title":"Epidemiology, natural history, and predictors of disease outcome in acute and chronic pancreatitis","volume":"56","year":"2002","unstructured":"Banks\n PA.\n \n \n Epidemiology, natural history, and predictors of disease outcome in acute and chronic pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tGastrointest Endosc2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t56:\n\t\t\t\t\tS226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t30."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b33","series-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)","first-page":"1","article-title":"The management of acute and chronic pancreatitis","volume":"6","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banks\n PA,\n \n \n Conwell\n DL,\n \n \n Toskes\n PP.\n \n \n The management of acute and chronic pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tGastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t16."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b34","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology","volume":"56","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watson\n P.\n \n \n Pancreatitis in dogs and cats: definitions and pathophysiology.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t56:\n\t\t\t\t\t3\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t12."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b35","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"147","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocyst associated with chronic-active necrotizing pancreatitis in a cat","volume":"32","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hines\n BL,\n \n \n Salisbury\n SK,\n \n \n Jakovljevic\n S,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tPancreatic pseudocyst associated with chronic-active necrotizing pancreatitis in a cat.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t32:\n\t\t\t\t\t147\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t52."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b36","series-title":"Gastrointest Endosc","first-page":"432","article-title":"Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a need for a large randomized study","volume":"71","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sauer\n B\n \n \n Kahaleh\n M.\n \n \n Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a need for a large randomized study.\n\t\t\t\t\tGastrointest Endosc2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t71:\n\t\t\t\t\t432\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t3."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b37","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"643","article-title":"MDCT of acute mild (nonnecrotizing) pancreatitis: abdominal complications and fate of fluid collections","volume":"190","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lenhart\n DK\n \n \n Balthazar\n EJ.\n \n \n MDCT of acute mild (nonnecrotizing) pancreatitis: abdominal complications and fate of fluid collections.\n\t\t\t\t\tAJR Am J 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Z Vet J","first-page":"197","article-title":"Successful treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst by omentalisation in a dog","volume":"52","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jerram\n RM,\n \n \n Warman\n CG,\n \n \n Davies\n ES,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSuccessful treatment of a pancreatic pseudocyst by omentalisation in a dog.\n\t\t\t\t\tN Z Vet J2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t197\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t201."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b41","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"99","article-title":"Pancreatic pseudocyst causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog","volume":"78","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marchevsky\n AM,\n \n \n Yovich\n JC,\n \n \n Wyatt\n KM.\n \n \n Pancreatic pseudocyst causing extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Vet J2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t78:\n\t\t\t\t\t99\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t101."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b42","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Attempted ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a suspected pancreatic 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Assoc2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t51:\n\t\t\t\t\t180\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b53","series-title":"Jpn J Radiol","first-page":"525","article-title":"Imaging of congenital pancreatic lesions: emphasis on key imaging features","volume":"33","year":"2015","unstructured":"Srisajjakul\n S,\n \n \n Prapaisilp\n P,\n \n \n Bangchokdee\n S.\n \n \n Imaging of congenital pancreatic lesions: emphasis on key imaging features.\n\t\t\t\t\tJpn J Radiol2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t525\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t32."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b54","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"84","article-title":"Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency","volume":"67","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steiner\n JM,\n \n \n Rutz\n GM,\n \n \n Williams\n DA.\n \n \n Serum lipase activities and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity concentrations in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet 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in acute severe pancreatitis","volume":"101","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarathi Patra\n P,\n \n \n Das\n K,\n \n \n Bhattacharyya\n A,\n \n \n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNatural resolution or intervention for fluid collections in acute severe pancreatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Surg2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t101:\n\t\t\t\t\t1721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-58-2-96-b58","series-title":"Z Gastroenterol","first-page":"125","article-title":"Review of current therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts","volume":"53","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guenther\n L,\n \n \n Hardt\n PD,\n \n \n Collet\n P.\n \n \n Review of current therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts.\n\t\t\t\t\tZ Gastroenterol2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t53:\n\t\t\t\t\t125\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital 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