{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:14:30Z","timestamp":1776132870969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n A 7 yr old castrated male Cavalier King Charles spaniel presented for evaluation of liver enzyme elevations. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a small liver with mixed echogenicity, small hypoechoic nodules, and an irregular surface. Histologic examination and copper quantification of the liver obtained by laparoscopy diagnosed copper-associated hepatitis. One month later the dog developed hyperkeratosis of all four foot pads and ulcerations of feet, legs, and rectum. Punch biopsies confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis. After a total of 2 mo of chelation with no changes to medications, skin lesions began to improve, continuing over the following 6 wk to almost complete resolution. At this point the skin lesions returned and had minimal response to four amino acids infusions. The dog was switched from penicillamine to trientine. Zinc acetate was initiated 6 wk after the switch to trientine, and skin improvement was noted soon thereafter. At the time of death, skin lesions were improving and the dog was clinically comfortable. Copper-associated hepatitis should be considered as a possible etiology for superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Treatment of superficial necrolytic dermatitis is often unrewarding, and copper chelation, when copper-associated hepatitis has been confirmed, represents another therapeutic option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T14:25:07Z","timestamp":1672410307000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Treatment of Superficial Necrolytic Dermatitis with Copper Chelation in a Dog with Copper-Associated Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Cindy","family":"Talbot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Massachusetts Mobile Veterinary Ultrasound, Boston, Massachusetts (C.T.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (S.K., P.J.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Mouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Angell Animal Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (S.K., P.J.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b1","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine.","first-page":"112","article-title":"Hepatocutaneous syndrome","year":"2010","unstructured":"Outerbridge\n CA.\n \n \n Hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:EttingerSJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFeldmanEC,\n\t\t\t\t\teds.Textbook of veterinary internal medicine.7th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt Louis:\n\t\t\t\t\tSaunders Elsevier;\n\t\t\t\t\t2010:112\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"802","article-title":"Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih tzus: 31 cases (1996\u20132014)","volume":"248","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall-Fonte\n DL\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcDonoughSP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tHepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih tzus: 31 cases (1996\u20132014).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2016;248:802\u201313."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b3","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"510","article-title":"Successful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide","volume":"21","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oberkirchner\n U\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinderKE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZadroznyL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSuccessful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Dermatol2010;21:510\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"79","article-title":"Ulcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus in the dog. A report of four cases","volume":"22","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walton\n DK\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScottDW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tUlcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus in the dog. A report of four cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc1986;22:79\u201388."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"522","article-title":"Metabolic epidermal necrosis in a dog associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hyperglucagonaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypoaminoacidaemia","volume":"48","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cave\n TA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEvansH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHargreavesJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tMetabolic epidermal necrosis in a dog associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hyperglucagonaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypoaminoacidaemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2007;48:522\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"318","article-title":"Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog associated with hyperplasia of pancreatic neuroendocrine cells","volume":"50","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pappadogiannakis\n E\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFrangiaK,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMatralisD.\n Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog associated with hyperplasia of pancreatic neuroendocrine cells.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2009;50:318."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b7","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"519","article-title":"Resolution of skin lesions and long-term survival in a dog with superficial necrolytic dermatitis and liver cirrhosis","volume":"41","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hill\n PB\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAuxiliaST,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMunroE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tResolution of skin lesions and long-term survival in a dog with superficial necrolytic dermatitis and liver cirrhosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2000;41:519\u201323."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in 11 dogs with a history of phenobarbital administration (1995\u20132002)","volume":"18","year":"2004","unstructured":"March\n PA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHillierA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWeisbrodeSE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSuperficial necrolytic dermatitis in 11 dogs with a history of phenobarbital administration (1995\u20132002).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Intern Med2004;18:65\u201374."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Byrne\n KP.\n \n \n Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1999;29:1337\u201355."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b10","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Plasma amino acid concentrations in 36 dogs with histologically confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis","volume":"13","year":"2002","unstructured":"Outerbridge\n CA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMarksSL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRogersQR.\n Plasma amino acid concentrations in 36 dogs with histologically confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Dermatol2002;13:177\u201386."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b11","series-title":"Anim Genet","first-page":"497","article-title":"Characterization of the COMMD1 (MURR1) mutation causing copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terriers","volume":"36","year":"2005","unstructured":"Forman\n OP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBoursnellMEG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDunmoreBJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization of the COMMD1 (MURR1) mutation causing copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnim Genet2005;36:497\u2013501."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"631","article-title":"Canine copper-associated hepatitis","volume":"47","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dirksen\n K\n \n \n Fieten\n H.\n \n \n Canine copper-associated hepatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2017;47:631\u201344."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1173","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs","volume":"33","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webster\n CRL\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCullenJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Intern Med2019;33:1173\u2013200."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b14","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"522","article-title":"D-penicillamine treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in Labrador retrievers","volume":"196","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fieten\n H\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDirksenK,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvan den InghTS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tD-penicillamine treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in Labrador retrievers.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet J2013;196:522\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of 2,3,2-tetramine as a hepatic copper chelating agent for treatment of copper hepatotoxicosis in Bedlington Terriers","volume":"192","year":"1988","unstructured":"Twedt\n DC\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHunsakerHA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAllenKGD.\n Use of 2,3,2-tetramine as a hepatic copper chelating agent for treatment of copper hepatotoxicosis in Bedlington Terriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc1988;192:52\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"735","article-title":"Characterization of aminoaciduria and hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome","volume":"78","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loftus\n JP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLucyJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization of aminoaciduria and hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res2017;78:735\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b17","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"215","article-title":"The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease","volume":"19","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cummings\n JE\n \n \n Kovacic\n JP.\n \n \n The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Emerg Crit Care2009;19(3):215\u201340."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b18","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"196","article-title":"Canine models for copper homeostasis disorders","volume":"17","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu\n X\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLeegwaterPAJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFietenH.\n Canine models for copper homeostasis disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Mol Sci2016;17:196."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b19","series-title":"Nutr Clin Pract","first-page":"583","article-title":"Neurologic dysfunction and pancytopenia secondary to acquired copper deficiency following duodenal switch: case report and review of literature","volume":"26","year":"2011","unstructured":"Btaiche\n IF\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYehAY,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWuIJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurologic dysfunction and pancytopenia secondary to acquired copper deficiency following duodenal switch: case report and review of literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tNutr Clin Pract2011;26:583\u201392."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Iatrogenic copper deficiency associated with long-term copper chelation for treatment of copper storage disease in a Bedlington terrier","volume":"218","year":"2001","unstructured":"Seguin\n MA\n \n \n Bunch\n SE.\n \n \n Iatrogenic copper deficiency associated with long-term copper chelation for treatment of copper storage disease in a Bedlington terrier.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1593\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b1","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine.","first-page":"112","article-title":"Hepatocutaneous syndrome","year":"2010","unstructured":"Outerbridge\n CA.\n \n \n Hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:EttingerSJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFeldmanEC,\n\t\t\t\t\teds.Textbook of veterinary internal medicine.7th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt Louis:\n\t\t\t\t\tSaunders Elsevier;\n\t\t\t\t\t2010:112\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"802","article-title":"Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih tzus: 31 cases (1996\u20132014)","volume":"248","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall-Fonte\n DL\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcDonoughSP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tHepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih tzus: 31 cases (1996\u20132014).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2016;248:802\u201313."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b3","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"510","article-title":"Successful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide","volume":"21","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oberkirchner\n U\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinderKE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tZadroznyL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSuccessful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Dermatol2010;21:510\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b4","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"79","article-title":"Ulcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus in the dog. A report of four cases","volume":"22","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walton\n DK\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScottDW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tUlcerative dermatosis associated with diabetes mellitus in the dog. A report of four cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Anim Hosp Assoc1986;22:79\u201388."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"522","article-title":"Metabolic epidermal necrosis in a dog associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hyperglucagonaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypoaminoacidaemia","volume":"48","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cave\n TA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEvansH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHargreavesJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tMetabolic epidermal necrosis in a dog associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hyperglucagonaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hypoaminoacidaemia.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2007;48:522\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"318","article-title":"Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog associated with hyperplasia of pancreatic neuroendocrine cells","volume":"50","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pappadogiannakis\n E\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFrangiaK,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMatralisD.\n Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in a dog associated with hyperplasia of pancreatic neuroendocrine cells.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2009;50:318."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b7","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"519","article-title":"Resolution of skin lesions and long-term survival in a dog with superficial necrolytic dermatitis and liver cirrhosis","volume":"41","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hill\n PB\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAuxiliaST,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMunroE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tResolution of skin lesions and long-term survival in a dog with superficial necrolytic dermatitis and liver cirrhosis.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract2000;41:519\u201323."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"65","article-title":"Superficial necrolytic dermatitis in 11 dogs with a history of phenobarbital administration (1995\u20132002)","volume":"18","year":"2004","unstructured":"March\n PA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHillierA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWeisbrodeSE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tSuperficial necrolytic dermatitis in 11 dogs with a history of phenobarbital administration (1995\u20132002).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Intern Med2004;18:65\u201374."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b9","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Byrne\n KP.\n \n \n Metabolic epidermal necrosis-hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1999;29:1337\u201355."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b10","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Plasma amino acid concentrations in 36 dogs with histologically confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis","volume":"13","year":"2002","unstructured":"Outerbridge\n CA\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMarksSL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRogersQR.\n Plasma amino acid concentrations in 36 dogs with histologically confirmed superficial necrolytic dermatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Dermatol2002;13:177\u201386."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b11","series-title":"Anim Genet","first-page":"497","article-title":"Characterization of the COMMD1 (MURR1) mutation causing copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terriers","volume":"36","year":"2005","unstructured":"Forman\n OP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBoursnellMEG,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDunmoreBJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization of the COMMD1 (MURR1) mutation causing copper toxicosis in the Bedlington terriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnim Genet2005;36:497\u2013501."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b12","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"631","article-title":"Canine copper-associated hepatitis","volume":"47","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dirksen\n K\n \n \n Fieten\n H.\n \n \n Canine copper-associated hepatitis.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2017;47:631\u201344."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1173","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs","volume":"33","year":"2019","unstructured":"Webster\n CRL\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCullenJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Intern Med2019;33:1173\u2013200."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b14","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"522","article-title":"D-penicillamine treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in Labrador retrievers","volume":"196","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fieten\n H\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDirksenK,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tvan den InghTS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tD-penicillamine treatment of copper-associated hepatitis in Labrador retrievers.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet J2013;196:522\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of 2,3,2-tetramine as a hepatic copper chelating agent for treatment of copper hepatotoxicosis in Bedlington Terriers","volume":"192","year":"1988","unstructured":"Twedt\n DC\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHunsakerHA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAllenKGD.\n Use of 2,3,2-tetramine as a hepatic copper chelating agent for treatment of copper hepatotoxicosis in Bedlington Terriers.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc1988;192:52\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b16","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"735","article-title":"Characterization of aminoaciduria and hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome","volume":"78","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loftus\n JP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCenterSA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLucyJM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization of aminoaciduria and hypoaminoacidemia in dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res2017;78:735\u201344."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b17","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"215","article-title":"The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease","volume":"19","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cummings\n JE\n \n \n Kovacic\n JP.\n \n \n The ubiquitous role of zinc in health and disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Vet Emerg Crit Care2009;19(3):215\u201340."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b18","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"196","article-title":"Canine models for copper homeostasis disorders","volume":"17","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu\n X\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLeegwaterPAJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFietenH.\n Canine models for copper homeostasis disorders.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Mol Sci2016;17:196."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b19","series-title":"Nutr Clin Pract","first-page":"583","article-title":"Neurologic dysfunction and pancytopenia secondary to acquired copper deficiency following duodenal switch: case report and review of literature","volume":"26","year":"2011","unstructured":"Btaiche\n IF\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tYehAY,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWuIJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n .\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurologic dysfunction and pancytopenia secondary to acquired copper deficiency following duodenal switch: case report and review of literature.\n\t\t\t\t\tNutr Clin Pract2011;26:583\u201392."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-1-b20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1593","article-title":"Iatrogenic copper deficiency associated with long-term copper chelation for treatment of copper storage disease in a Bedlington terrier","volume":"218","year":"2001","unstructured":"Seguin\n MA\n \n \n Bunch\n SE.\n \n \n Iatrogenic copper deficiency associated with long-term copper chelation for treatment of copper storage disease in a Bedlington terrier.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1593\u20137."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital 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