{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T01:03:44Z","timestamp":1772327024589,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 6 yr old male castrated American Staffordshire terrier was referred for a nonhealing wound at the site of a previously incompletely excised, high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Physical examination revealed right popliteal lymphadenopathy and a fungating mass of the right pelvic limb at the level of the hock. Thoracic and abdominal computed tomography revealed mild lymphadenopathy of multiple iliac and inguinal lymph nodes. Right pelvic limb amputation and inguinal lymphadenectomy were performed. Histopathology was consistent of a high-grade soft tissue sarcoma with diffuse spread through the lymphatic vessels of the right pelvic limb up to the right inguinal lymph node but not affecting the lymph node itself. Doxorubicin chemotherapy was elected postoperatively as adjuvant therapy. Approximately 4 mo following initiation of chemotherapy, the patient developed a firm, tubular subcutaneous mass starting near the previous amputation site with tracking toward the thorax. Fine needle aspiration of the new mass was consistent with atypical spindle cell proliferation. Palliative care was elected, and the patient was euthanized 3 mo later because of progressive disease. In-transit metastasis is a rare behavior for soft tissue sarcomas across all species, and this is the first report of such a presentation for canine soft tissue sarcoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T14:25:29Z","timestamp":1672410329000},"page":"36-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In-Transit Metastasis in a Dog with High-Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Hicks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (K.H.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"LeRoith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology (T.L.), Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittanie","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (B.P.), Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Dervisis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia (N.D.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b1","article-title":"In-transit metastasis","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit metastasis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAvailable at: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/in-transit-metastasis. Accessed October 30, 2020."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b2","series-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol","first-page":"544","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases","volume":"43","year":"2017","unstructured":"Testori\n              A\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRiberoS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBatailleV.\n          Diagnosis and treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Surg Oncol2017;43:544\u201360."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b3","series-title":"Breast J","first-page":"1033","article-title":"In-transit breast metastasis as the primary clinical presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"26","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korsa\n              L\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKovacevicL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBarsic OstojicS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit breast metastasis as the primary clinical presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tBreast J2020;26:1033\u20134."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b4","series-title":"Withrow and MacEwen\u2019s small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"404","article-title":"Soft tissue sarcomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liptak\n              JM\n            \n            \n              Christensen\n              NI.\n            \n          \n          Soft tissue sarcomas.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:Withrow and MacEwen\u2019s small animal clinical oncology.\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019:404\u201331."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"774","article-title":"Canine soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases","volume":"43","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bray\n              JP\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPoltonGA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcSporranKD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tCanine soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Surg2014;43:774\u201382."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986\u20131996)","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuntz\n              C\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDernellW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPowersB,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986\u20131996).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc1997;211:1147\u201351."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b7","series-title":"Med Oncol","first-page":"873","article-title":"Importance of tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas: a proposal for a nomogram based on a score system to staging soft tissue sarcomas in the postoperative setting","volume":"31","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salcedo Hernandez\n              RA\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLino-SilvaLS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tde LeonDC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tImportance of tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas: a proposal for a nomogram based on a score system to staging soft tissue sarcomas in the postoperative setting.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Oncol2014;31:873."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b8","series-title":"Int J Clin Oncol","first-page":"536","article-title":"High incidence of regional and in-transit lymph node metastasis in patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"19","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishida\n              Y\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTsukushiS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUrakawaH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHigh incidence of regional and in-transit lymph node metastasis in patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Clin Oncol2014;19:536\u201343."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b9","series-title":"Dermatol Surg","first-page":"1285","article-title":"In-transit metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"42","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma\n              JY\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWuA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVenessM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tDermatol Surg2016;42:1285\u201392."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b10","series-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am","first-page":"309","article-title":"Regional therapies for in-transit disease","volume":"24","year":"2015","unstructured":"Speicher\n              PJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeriwetherCH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTylerDS.\n          Regional therapies for in-transit disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tSurg Oncol Clin N Am2015;24:309\u201322."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b11","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"475","article-title":"In-transit melanoma metastases: incidence, prognosis, and the role of lymphadenectomy","volume":"22","year":"2015","unstructured":"Read\n              RL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHayduL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSawRP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit melanoma metastases: incidence, prognosis, and the role of lymphadenectomy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Surg Oncol2015;22:475\u201381."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"783","article-title":"Evaluation of variables associated with outcomes in 41 dogs with incompletely excised high-grade soft tissue sarcomas treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy","volume":"256","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crownshaw\n              AH\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcEnteeMC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNolanMW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of variables associated with outcomes in 41 dogs with incompletely excised high-grade soft tissue sarcomas treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2020;256:783\u201391."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b13","series-title":"ANZ J Surg","first-page":"304","article-title":"Melanoma: margins for error- another view","volume":"72","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCarthy\n              WH.\n            \n          \n          Melanoma: margins for error- another view.\n\t\t\t\t\tANZ J Surg2002;72:304\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b14","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"889","article-title":"Angiotropism is an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma","volume":"61","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilmott\n              J\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHayduL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBagotM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tAngiotropism is an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tHistopathology2012;61:889\u201398."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b15","series-title":"Cancer Treat Res","first-page":"245","article-title":"Effect of isolated limb perfusion with cisplatin (CDDP) on canine osteosarcoma","volume":"62","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoekstra\n              HJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeutstegeFJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOosterhuisJW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEffect of isolated limb perfusion with cisplatin (CDDP) on canine osteosarcoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tCancer Treat Res1993;62:245\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b16","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: assessment of short-term effects","volume":"59","year":"1995","unstructured":"Van Ginkel\n              RJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHoekstraHJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeutstegeFJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: assessment of short-term effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Surg Oncol1995;59:169\u201376."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b17","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2653","article-title":"Isolated limb perfusion with high-dose tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon-gamma and melphalan for nonresectable extremity of soft tissue sarcomas: a multicenter trial","volume":"14","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eggermont\n              AM\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKoopsHS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLienardD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIsolated limb perfusion with high-dose tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon-gamma and melphalan for nonresectable extremity of soft tissue sarcomas: a multicenter trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Oncol1996;14:2653\u201365."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b1","article-title":"In-transit metastasis","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit metastasis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAvailable at: https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/in-transit-metastasis. Accessed October 30, 2020."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b2","series-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol","first-page":"544","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases","volume":"43","year":"2017","unstructured":"Testori\n              A\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRiberoS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBatailleV.\n          Diagnosis and treatment of in-transit melanoma metastases.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Surg Oncol2017;43:544\u201360."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b3","series-title":"Breast J","first-page":"1033","article-title":"In-transit breast metastasis as the primary clinical presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma","volume":"26","year":"2020","unstructured":"Korsa\n              L\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKovacevicL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBarsic OstojicS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit breast metastasis as the primary clinical presentation of Merkel cell carcinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tBreast J2020;26:1033\u20134."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b4","series-title":"Withrow and MacEwen\u2019s small animal clinical oncology","first-page":"404","article-title":"Soft tissue sarcomas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liptak\n              JM\n            \n            \n              Christensen\n              NI.\n            \n          \n          Soft tissue sarcomas.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:Withrow and MacEwen\u2019s small animal clinical oncology.\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier;\n\t\t\t\t\t2019:404\u201331."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"774","article-title":"Canine soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases","volume":"43","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bray\n              JP\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPoltonGA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcSporranKD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tCanine soft tissue sarcoma managed in first opinion practice: outcome in 350 cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Surg2014;43:774\u201382."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Prognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986\u20131996)","volume":"211","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuntz\n              C\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tDernellW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPowersB,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrognostic factors for surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs: 75 cases (1986\u20131996).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc1997;211:1147\u201351."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b7","series-title":"Med Oncol","first-page":"873","article-title":"Importance of tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas: a proposal for a nomogram based on a score system to staging soft tissue sarcomas in the postoperative setting","volume":"31","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salcedo Hernandez\n              RA\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLino-SilvaLS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tde LeonDC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tImportance of tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas: a proposal for a nomogram based on a score system to staging soft tissue sarcomas in the postoperative setting.\n\t\t\t\t\tMed Oncol2014;31:873."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b8","series-title":"Int J Clin Oncol","first-page":"536","article-title":"High incidence of regional and in-transit lymph node metastasis in patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"19","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishida\n              Y\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTsukushiS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tUrakawaH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHigh incidence of regional and in-transit lymph node metastasis in patients with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Clin Oncol2014;19:536\u201343."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b9","series-title":"Dermatol Surg","first-page":"1285","article-title":"In-transit metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"42","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ma\n              JY\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWuA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tVenessM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tDermatol Surg2016;42:1285\u201392."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b10","series-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am","first-page":"309","article-title":"Regional therapies for in-transit disease","volume":"24","year":"2015","unstructured":"Speicher\n              PJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeriwetherCH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTylerDS.\n          Regional therapies for in-transit disease.\n\t\t\t\t\tSurg Oncol Clin N Am2015;24:309\u201322."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b11","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"475","article-title":"In-transit melanoma metastases: incidence, prognosis, and the role of lymphadenectomy","volume":"22","year":"2015","unstructured":"Read\n              RL\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHayduL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSawRP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIn-transit melanoma metastases: incidence, prognosis, and the role of lymphadenectomy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAnn Surg Oncol2015;22:475\u201381."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"783","article-title":"Evaluation of variables associated with outcomes in 41 dogs with incompletely excised high-grade soft tissue sarcomas treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy","volume":"256","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crownshaw\n              AH\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcEnteeMC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNolanMW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of variables associated with outcomes in 41 dogs with incompletely excised high-grade soft tissue sarcomas treated with definitive-intent radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2020;256:783\u201391."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b13","series-title":"ANZ J Surg","first-page":"304","article-title":"Melanoma: margins for error- another view","volume":"72","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCarthy\n              WH.\n            \n          \n          Melanoma: margins for error- another view.\n\t\t\t\t\tANZ J Surg2002;72:304\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b14","series-title":"Histopathology","first-page":"889","article-title":"Angiotropism is an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma","volume":"61","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilmott\n              J\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHayduL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tBagotM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tAngiotropism is an independent predictor of microscopic satellites in primary cutaneous melanoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tHistopathology2012;61:889\u201398."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b15","series-title":"Cancer Treat Res","first-page":"245","article-title":"Effect of isolated limb perfusion with cisplatin (CDDP) on canine osteosarcoma","volume":"62","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoekstra\n              HJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeutstegeFJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tOosterhuisJW,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEffect of isolated limb perfusion with cisplatin (CDDP) on canine osteosarcoma.\n\t\t\t\t\tCancer Treat Res1993;62:245\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b16","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"169","article-title":"Hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: assessment of short-term effects","volume":"59","year":"1995","unstructured":"Van Ginkel\n              RJ\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHoekstraHJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeutstegeFJ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: assessment of short-term effects.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Surg Oncol1995;59:169\u201376."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-1-36-b17","series-title":"J Clin Oncol","first-page":"2653","article-title":"Isolated limb perfusion with high-dose tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon-gamma and melphalan for nonresectable extremity of soft tissue sarcomas: a multicenter trial","volume":"14","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eggermont\n              AM\n            ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKoopsHS,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLienardD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tIsolated limb perfusion with high-dose tumor necrosis factor alpha in combination with interferon-gamma and melphalan for nonresectable extremity of soft tissue sarcomas: a multicenter trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Oncol1996;14:2653\u201365."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital 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