{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T21:09:12Z","timestamp":1781816952365,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A 4 yr old castrated male greyhound presented with a history of chronic (&gt;3 wk) intermittent diarrhea. Initial fecal analysis identified infection with\n                    <jats:italic>Ancylostoma caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Despite treatment with routine anthelmintics, the dog remained persistently\n                    <jats:italic>A caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive for several months. A novel fecal gastrointestinal real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) parasite panel detected\n                    <jats:italic>A caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the genetic benzimidazole (BZ) F167Y resistance marker in multiple samplings over 48 hr. This finding, together with the dog\u2019s clinical signs (diarrhea) and lack of response to routine anthelmintics, prompted treatment with cyclooctadepsipeptide emodepside, a drug currently not registered for dogs in the United States. The dog\u2019s clinical signs resolved and post-treatment fecal qPCR testing was negative. However, 5 mo later, retesting with fecal qPCR detected\n                    <jats:italic>A caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and concurrent BZ resistance marker, as well as\n                    <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A presumptive diagnosis of re-infection was made and the emodepside treatment was continued. The dog again reverted to undetected (\n                    <jats:italic>A caninum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the 167 resistance marker) on reassessment fecal qPCR. This case report describes the use of a novel fecal qPCR panel for gastrointestinal parasites, persistent hookworm and BZ F167Y resistance marker detection in a dog, and highlights the importance of a stepwise approach to clinical management, treatment, and retesting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T16:54:30Z","timestamp":1708707270000},"page":"87-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hookworm Anthelmintic Resistance: Novel Fecal Polymerase Chain Reaction Ancylostoma caninum Benzimidazole Resistance Marker Detection in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Evason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California (Evason, Culwell, Ogeer, Leutenegger); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"DeBess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State Public Health Department, Portland, Oregon (DeBess)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Culwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California (Evason, Culwell, Ogeer, Leutenegger); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ogeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California (Evason, Culwell, Ogeer, Leutenegger); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Antech Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California (Evason, Culwell, Ogeer, Leutenegger); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b1","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"144","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pet dogs in the United States","volume":"166","author":"Little","year":"2009","unstructured":"Little\n              SE,\n            \n            \n              Johnson\n              EM,\n            \n            \n              Lewis\n              D,\n            \n            \n          \n          Prevalence of intestinal parasites in pet dogs in the United States. Vet Parasitol2009;166:144\u201352."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b2","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"275","article-title":"Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study","volume":"13","author":"Stafford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stafford\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Kollasch\n              TM,\n            \n            \n              Duncan\n              KT,\n            \n            \n          \n          Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study. Parasit Vectors2020;13:275."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b3","series-title":"Clin Brief","first-page":"15","article-title":"Persistent or suspected-resistant hookworm infections","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Kaplan\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Persistent or suspected-resistant hookworm infections. Clin Brief2020;August:15\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Intestinal nematodes: biology and control","volume":"39","author":"Epe","year":"2009","unstructured":"Epe\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Intestinal nematodes: biology and control. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2009;39:1091\u2013107."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b5","series-title":"Exp Parasitol","first-page":"303","article-title":"Ancylostoma caninum: Adult worm removal, corticosteroid treatment, and resumed development of arrested larvae in dogs","volume":"54","author":"Schad","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schad\n              GA,\n            \n            \n              Page\n              MR.\n            \n          \n          \n            Ancylostoma caninum: Adult worm removal, corticosteroid treatment, and resumed development of arrested larvae in dogs. Exp Parasitol1982;54:303\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b6","series-title":"Cutis","first-page":"126","article-title":"What\u2019s eating you? Cutaneous larva migrans","volume":"95","author":"Prickett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prickett\n              KA,\n            \n            \n              Ferringer\n              TC.\n            \n          \n          What\u2019s eating you? Cutaneous larva migrans. Cutis2015;95:126\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b7","series-title":"Clin Brief","first-page":"61","article-title":"Multiple-anthelmintic resistance in the canine hookworm","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Kaplan\n              RM.\n            \n          \n          Multiple-anthelmintic resistance in the canine hookworm. Clin Brief2020;April:61\u20138."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b8","series-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist","first-page":"107","article-title":"Multiple drug resistance in hookworms infecting greyhound dogs in the USA","volume":"17","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Venkatesan\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Redman\n              E,\n            \n            \n          \n          Multiple drug resistance in hookworms infecting greyhound dogs in the USA. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist2021;17:107\u201317."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b9","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"299","article-title":"High-level pyrantel resistance in the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum","volume":"143","author":"Kopp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kopp\n              SR,\n            \n            \n              Kotze\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              McCarthy\n              JS,\n            \n            \n          \n          High-level pyrantel resistance in the hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Vet Parasitol2007;143:299\u2013304."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b10","unstructured":"Antech Diagnostics. KeyScreen\u2122 GI Parasite PCR. Available at: https:\/\/www.antechdiagnostics.com\/keyscreen\/. Accessed March 23, 2022."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b11","author":"Leutenegger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leutenegger\n              CM,\n            \n            \n           High Frequency of the Benzimidazole Resistance Genetic Marker in the Pet Dog Population in Florida. In: ACVIM Proceedings Austin, TX, 2022. Abstract ID06."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b12","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"288","article-title":"Comparative study of a broad qPCR panel and centrifugal flotation for detection of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from dogs and cats in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Leutenegger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leutenegger\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Lozoya\n              CE,\n            \n            \n              Tereski\n              J,\n            \n            \n          , Comparative study of a broad qPCR panel and centrifugal flotation for detection of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples from dogs and cats in the United States. Parasit Vectors2023;16:288."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b13","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"576","article-title":"Multiple drug resistance in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum: an emerging threat?","volume":"12","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Howell\n              SB,\n            \n            \n              Schaefer\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n          \n          Multiple drug resistance in the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum: an emerging threat?\n          \n            Parasit Vectors\n          \n          2019;12:576\u201391."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b14","series-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist","first-page":"22","article-title":"Efficacy evaluation of anthelmintic products against an infection with the canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) isolate Worthy 4.1F3P in dogs","volume":"13","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Mansour\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Charles\n              S,\n            \n            \n          \n          Efficacy evaluation of anthelmintic products against an infection with the canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) isolate Worthy 4.1F3P in dogs. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist2020;13:22\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b15","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"343","article-title":"Efficacy of two cyclooctadepsipeptides, PF1022A and emodepside, against anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep and cattle","volume":"130","author":"von Samson-Himmelstjerna","year":"2005","unstructured":"von Samson-Himmelstjerna\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Harder\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Sangster\n              NC,\n            \n            \n          \n          Efficacy of two cyclooctadepsipeptides, PF1022A and emodepside, against anthelmintic-resistant nematodes in sheep and cattle. Parasitology2005;130:343\u20137."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b16","series-title":"Canine and Feline Gastroenterology.","first-page":"458","author":"Lappin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lappin\n              MR.\n            \n          \n          Anthelmintic Agents. In WashabauRJ and DayMJ (Eds.) Canine and Feline Gastroenterology.1st ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2012:458-462."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b17","series-title":"JAVMA.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Multiple anthelmintic drug resistance in hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum) in a Labrador breeding and training kennel in Georgia, USA","author":"Jimenez Castro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jimenez Castro\n              PD,\n            \n            \n              Durrence\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Durrence\n              S,\n            \n            \n          \n          Multiple anthelmintic drug resistance in hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum) in a Labrador breeding and training kennel in Georgia, USA. JAVMA.2022; Dec 15: 1-6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b18","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"313","article-title":"First identification of the F200Y SNP in the \u03b2-tubulin gene linked to benzimidazole resistance in Ancylostoma caninum","volume":"206","author":"Furtado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Furtado\n              LF,\n            \n            \n              Passos de Paiva Bello\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              dos Santos\n              HA,\n            \n            \n          \n          First identification of the F200Y SNP in the \u03b2-tubulin gene linked to benzimidazole resistance in Ancylostoma caninum. Vet Parasitol2014;206:313\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b19","series-title":"N Z Vet J","first-page":"215","article-title":"Isolation of anthelmintic resistant Ancylostoma caninum.","volume":"35","author":"Jackson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jackson\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Lance\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Townsend\n              K,\n            \n            \n          \n          Isolation of anthelmintic resistant Ancylostoma caninum.\n          \n            N Z Vet J\n          \n          1987;35:215\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b20","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"397","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring multidrug-resistant strain of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum","volume":"49","author":"Kitchen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kitchen\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Ratnappan\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Han\n              S,\n            \n            \n          \n          Isolation and characterization of a naturally occurring multidrug-resistant strain of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum. Int J Parasitol2019;49:397\u2013406."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b21","series-title":"Int J Travel Med Glob Health","first-page":"109","article-title":"Comparative clinical trial of mebendazole, praziquantel, and metronidazole in treatment of human Giardiasis","volume":"1","author":"Imani,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Imani,\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Khoshdel\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Yousofi Darani\n              H,\n            \n            \n          \n          Comparative clinical trial of mebendazole, praziquantel, and metronidazole in treatment of human Giardiasis. Int J Travel Med Glob Health2013;1:109\u201312."},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-2-87-b22","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"3789","article-title":"A One Health perspective on the human-companion animal relationship with emphasis on zoonotic aspects","volume":"17","author":"Overgaauw","year":"2020","unstructured":"Overgaauw\n              PAM,\n            \n            \n              Vinke\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Hagen\n              MAEV,\n            \n            \n          \n          A One Health perspective on the human-companion animal relationship with emphasis on zoonotic aspects. Int J Environ Res Public Health2020;17:3789\u2013818."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/60\/2\/article-p87.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/60\/2\/87\/3333524\/i1547-3317-60-2-87.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/60\/2\/article-p87.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/60\/2\/article-p87.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:05:26Z","timestamp":1763741126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/60\/2\/article-p87.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7366","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}