{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:31:00Z","timestamp":1791639060683,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Canine and feline endocrinopathies reflect an endocrine gland disease or dysfunction with resulting hormonal abnormali ties that can variably affect the patient\u2019s wellbeing, quality of life, and life expectancy. These guidelines provide consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of four canine and feline endocrinopathies commonly encountered in clini cal practice: canine hypothyroidism, canine hypercortisolism (Cushing\u2019s syndrome), canine hypoadrenocorticism (Addi son\u2019s disease), and feline hyperthyroidism. To aid the general practitioner in navigating these common diseases, a stepwise diagnosis and treatment algorithm and relevant background information is provided for managing each of these diseases. The guidelines also describe, in lesser detail, the diagnosis and treatment of three relatively less common endo crinopathies of cats: feline hyperaldosteronism, feline hypothyroidism, and feline hyperadrenocorticism. Additionally, the guidelines present tips on effective veterinary team utilization and client communication when discussing endocrine cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T12:51:04Z","timestamp":1683809464000},"page":"113-135","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["2023 AAHA Selected Endocrinopathies of Dogs and Cats Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bugbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Rucinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cazabon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Kvitko-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patty","family":"Lathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Nichelason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (A.B.); Mid Atlantic Cat Hospital, Mid Atlantic Feline Thyroid Center, Queenstown, Maryland (R.R.); Boston Veterinary Clinic, Boston, Massachusetts (S.C.); KW Veterinary Consulting, LLC, Kansas City, Missouri (H.K.-W.); Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (P.L.); School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (A.N.); Rowan College of South Jersey, Sewell..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats","volume":"54","year":"2018","unstructured":"Behrend\nE,\n\n\nHolford\nA,\n\n\nLathan\nP,\n\n\n.\n        2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats.\n        J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2018;\n        54(\n        1):\n        1\u2013\n        21."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b2","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"400","article-title":"2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism","volume":"18","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carney\nHC,\n\n\nWard\nCR,\n\n\nBailey\nSJ,\n\n\n.\n        2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism.\n        J Feline Med Surg2016;\n        18(\n        5):\n        400\u2013\n        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7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"761","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987\u20131992)","volume":"204","year":"1994","unstructured":"Panciera\nDL.\n\n\nHypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987\u20131992).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1994;\n        204:\n        761\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"57","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers","volume":"5","year":"1991","unstructured":"Greco\nDS,\n\n\nFeldman\nEC,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers.\n        J Vet Intern Med1991;\n        5:\n        57\u2013\n        65."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b9","series-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism with goiter caused by a sodium\/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) mutation in a family of Shih-Tzu dogs","volume":"65","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soler Arias\nEA,\n\n\nCastillo\nVA,\n\n\nGarcia\nJD,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism with goiter caused by a sodium\/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) mutation in a family of Shih-Tzu dogs.\n        Domest Anim Endocrinol2018;\n        65:\n        1\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in Tenterfield terriers","volume":"26","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dodgson\nSE,\n\n\nDay\nR,\n\n\nFyfe\nJC.\n\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism with goiter in Tenterfield terriers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2012;\n        26:\n        1350\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"50","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers","volume":"17","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fyfe\nJC,\n\n\nKampschmidt\nK,\n\n\nDang\nV,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2003;\n        17:\n        50\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995\u20132010)","volume":"242","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellumori\nTP,\n\n\nFamula\nTR,\n\n\nBannasch\nDL,\n\n\n.\n        Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995\u20132010).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2013;\n        242:\n        1549\u2013\n        55."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Neurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vitale\nCL\n\n\nOlby\nNJ.\n\n\nNeurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        1316\u2013\n        22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"257","article-title":"Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study","volume":"62","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini\nA,\n\n\nFaroni\nE,\n\n\nLunetta\nF,\n\n\n.\n        Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study.\n        J Small Anim Pract2021;\n        62:\n        257\u2013\n        64."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"72","article-title":"Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism","volume":"40","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon\nRM\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nEvaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism.\n        J Small Anim Pract1999;\n        40:\n        72\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b16","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"183","article-title":"Endogenous TSH in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs","volume":"146","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boretti\nFS\n\n\nReusch\nCE.\n\n\nEndogenous TSH in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs.\n        Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd2004;\n        146:\n        183\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"25","article-title":"Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diaz Espineira\nMM,\n\n\nMol\nJA,\n\n\nPeeters\nME,\n\n\n.\n        Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        25\u2013\n        32."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"463","article-title":"Influence of drugs on thyroid function in dogs","volume":"17","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daminet\nS\n\n\nFerguson\nDC.\n\n\nInfluence of drugs on thyroid function in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2003;\n        17:\n        463\u2013\n        72."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc.","first-page":"765","article-title":"Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease","volume":"219","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kantrowitz\nLB,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\nMeli\u00e1n\nC,\n\n\nNichols\nR.\n\n\nSerum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc.2001;\n        219(\n        6):\n        765\u2013\n        9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"302","article-title":"Assessment of criteria used by veterinary practitioners to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and investigation of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis","volume":"236","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiel\nRE,\n\n\nSist\nM,\n\n\nNachreiner\nRF,\n\n\n.\n        Assessment of criteria used by veterinary practitioners to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and investigation of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2010;\n        236:\n        302\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b21","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"716","article-title":"Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds","volume":"27","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hegstad-Davies\nRL,\n\n\nTorres\nSM,\n\n\nSharkey\nLC,\n\n\n.\n        Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds.\n        J Vet Diagn Invest2015;\n        27:\n        716\u2013\n        27."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b22","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","first-page":"11","article-title":"Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs","volume":"56","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krogh\nAK,\n\n\nLegind\nP,\n\n\nKjelgaard-Hansen\nM,\n\n\n.\n        Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs.\n        Acta Vet Scand2014;\n        56:\n        11."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b23","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"243","article-title":"Canine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies in health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness","volume":"66","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon\nRM\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nCanine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies in health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness.\n        Res Vet Sci1999;\n        66:\n        243\u2013\n        6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b24","series-title":"World Sm Animal Assoc World Congress Proc","article-title":"Diagnosing hypothyroidism","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mooney\nCT.\n\n\nDiagnosing hypothyroidism.\n        World Sm Animal Assoc World Congress Proc2013."},{"issue":"18","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b25","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"616","article-title":"Thyroid hormone concentrations in young, healthy, pretrained greyhounds","volume":"161","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shiel\nRE,\n\n\nBrennan\nSF,\n\n\nOmodo-Eluk\nAJ,\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nThyroid hormone concentrations in young, healthy, pretrained greyhounds.\n        Vet Rec2007;\n        161(\n        18):\n        616\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b26","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"157","article-title":"Effects of long term phenobarbital treatment on the thyroid and adrenal axis and adrenal function tests in dogs","volume":"14","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muller\nP,\n\n\nWolfsheimer\nK,\n\n\nTaboada\nJ,\n\n\n.\n        Effects of long term phenobarbital treatment on the thyroid and adrenal axis and adrenal function tests in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2008;\n        14(\n        2):\n        157\u2013\n        64."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b27","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"377","article-title":"Effects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hume\nKR,\n\n\nRizzo\nVL,\n\n\nCawley\nJR,\n\n\nBalkman\nCE.\n\n\nEffects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med.2018;\n  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      454\u2013\n        6."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b30","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"445","article-title":"Effects of disease on the results of diagnostic tests for use in detecting hyperadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"207","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaplan\nAJ,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ.\n\n\nEffects of disease on the results of diagnostic tests for use in detecting hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1995;\n        207(\n        4):\n        445\u2013\n        51"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"874","article-title":"Effects of a mock ultrasonographic procedure on cortisol concentrations during low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing in clinically normal adult dogs","volume":"224","year":"2004","unstructured":"May\nER,\n\n\nFrank\nLA,\n\n\nHnilica\nKA,\n\n\n.\n        Effects of a mock ultrasonographic procedure on cortisol concentrations during low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing in clinically normal adult dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;\n        224(\n        6):\n        874\u2013\n        90."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b32","series-title":"Plumb\u2019s Veterinary Drug Handbook","first-page":"343","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dexamethasone.\nIn:\n\n\nPlumb\nDC.\n\n\n\nPlumb\u2019s Veterinary Drug Handbook\n.\n        9th ed.\n        Stockholm (WI):\n        PharmaVet Inc;\n        2018:\n        343\u2013\n        348."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b33","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"716","article-title":"Duration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs","volume":"53","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moore\nGE\n\n\nHoenig\nM.\n\n\nDuration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs.\n        Am J Vet Res1992;\n        53(\n        5):\n        716\u2013\n        20."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b34","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"685","article-title":"Adrenocortical suppression by topically applied corticosteroids in healthy dogs","volume":"191","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zenoble\nRD\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ.\n\n\nAdrenocortical suppression by topically applied corticosteroids in healthy dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1987;\n        191(\n        6):\n        685\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b35","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"204","article-title":"Adrenocortical suppression in the dog given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"43","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\nLorenz\nMD,\n\n\nThompson\nFN.\n\n\nAdrenocortical suppression in the dog given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide.\n        Am J Vet Res1982;\n        43(\n        2):\n        204\u2013\n        6."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b36","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"542","article-title":"Plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia","volume":"180","year":"1982","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nGilbertson\nSR,\n\n\nDrucker\nWD.\n\n\nPlasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1982;\n        180(\n        5):\n        542\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b37","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"777","article-title":"Urine cortisolcreatinine and protein-creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital","volume":"34","year":"2020","unstructured":"Citron\nLE,\n\n\nWeinstein\nNM,\n\n\nLittman\nMP,\n\n\nFoster\nJD.\n\n\nUrine cortisolcreatinine and protein-creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital.\n        J Vet Intern Med2020;\n        34(\n        2):\n        777\u2013\n        82."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b38","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"422","article-title":"Canine hyperadrenocorticism","year":"2015","unstructured":"Behrend\nE.\n\n\nCanine hyperadrenocorticism.\n        In:FeldmanED,NelsonRW,ReuschCE,.,\n        eds.Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        St. Louis:\n        Elsevier;\n        2015;\n        422\u2013\n        31."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b39","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"232","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaughan\nMA,\n\n\nFeldman\nEC,\n\n\nHoar\nBR,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2008;\n        232(\n        9):\n        1321\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"27","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b40","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Evaluation of 2 trilostane protocols for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: twice daily versus once daily","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arenas\nC,\n\n\nMelian\nC,\n\n\nPerez-Alenza\nMD.\n\n\nEvaluation of 2 trilostane protocols for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: twice daily versus once daily.\n        J Vet Intern Med2013(\n        27):\n        1478\u2013\n        85."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b41","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"34","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arenas Bermejo\nC,\n\n\nP\u00e9rez Alenza\nD,\n\n\nGarc\u00eda San Jos\u00e9\nP,\n\n\n.\n        Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2020;\n        34(\n        4):\n        1413\u2013\n        22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b42","article-title":"Vetoryl capsules (trilostane)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vetoryl capsules (trilostane).\n        Package insert. Dechra Ltd;2015."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b43","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"631","article-title":"Lack of association between clinical signs and laboratory parameters in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism before and during trilostane treatment","volume":"158","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boretti\nFS,\n\n\nHolzthum\nJ,\n\n\nReusch\nCE,\n\n\n.\n        Lack of association between clinical signs and laboratory parameters in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism before and during trilostane treatment.\n        Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd2016;\n        158(\n        9):\n        631\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"23","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b44","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"597","article-title":"Pre-trilostane and three-hour posttrilostane cortisol to monitor trilostane therapy in dogs","volume":"179","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macfarlane\nL,\n\n\nParkin\nT,\n\n\nRamsey\nI.\n\n\nPre-trilostane and three-hour posttrilostane cortisol to monitor trilostane therapy in dogs.\n        Vet Rec2016;\n        179(\n        23):\n        597."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b45","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Comparison of 2 doses for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of or treated for hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"30","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aldridge\nC,\n\n\nBehrend\nEN,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\n.\n        Comparison of 2 doses for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of or treated for hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2016;\n        30(\n        5):\n        1637\u2013\n        41."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b46","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: 225 cases (1979\u20131993)","volume":"208","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nKintzer\nPP,\n\n\nKass\nPH.\n\n\nPretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: 225 cases (1979\u20131993).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;\n        208(\n        1):\n        85\u2013\n        91."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b47","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Comparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 cases (1985\u20132005)","volume":"230","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thompson\nAL,\n\n\nScott-Moncrieff\nJC,\n\n\nAnderson\nJD.\n\n\nComparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 cases (1985\u20132005).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;\n        230(\n        8):\n        1190\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b48","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Use of a combination of routine hematologic and biochemical test results in a logistic regression model as a diagnostic aid for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"78","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borin-Crivellenti\nS,\n\n\nGarabed\nRB,\n\n\nMoreno-Torres K\nI,\n\n\n.\n        Use of a combination of routine hematologic and biochemical test results in a logistic regression model as a diagnostic aid for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        Am J Vet Res2017;\n        78(\n        10):\n        1171\u2013\n        81."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b49","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"365","article-title":"A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut off or continuum?","volume":"58","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wakayama\nJA,\n\n\nFurrow\nE,\n\n\nMerkel\nLK,\n\n\n.\n        A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut off or continuum?J Small Anim Pract2017;\n        58(\n        7):\n        365\u2013\n        71."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b50","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1351","article-title":"White blood cell count and the sodium to potassium ratio to screen for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"25","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seth\nM,\n\n\nDrobatx\nKJ,\n\n\nChurch\nDB,\n\n\n.\n        White blood cell count and the sodium to potassium ratio to screen for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2011;\n        25:\n        1351\u2013\n        6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b51","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Abnormalities of serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adler\nJA,\n\n\nDrobatz\nKJ,\n\n\nHess\nRS.\n\n\nAbnormalities of serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        1168\u2013\n        73."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b52","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"154","article-title":"Evaluation of aldosterone concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"28","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baumstark\nME,\n\n\nSieber-Ruckstuhl\nNS,\n\n\nMuller\nC,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of aldosterone concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2013;\n        28(\n        1):\n        154\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b53","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Basal serum cortisol concentration as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"28","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bovens\nC,\n\n\nTennant\nK,\n\n\nReeve\nJ,\n\n\nMurphy\nKF.\n\n\nBasal serum cortisol concentration as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med.2014;\n        28(\n        5):\n        1541\u2013\n        5."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b54","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"556","article-title":"Aldosterone-renin and cortisol-to-adrenocorticotropic hormone ratios in healthy dogs and dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"20","year":"2006","unstructured":"Javadi\nS,\n\n\nGalc\nS,\n\n\nBoer\nP,\n\n\n.\n        Aldosterone-renin and cortisol-to-adrenocorticotropic hormone ratios in healthy dogs and dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2006;\n        20:\n        556\u2013\n        61."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b55","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Use of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio for diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"28","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lathan\nP,\n\n\nScott-Moncrieff\nJC,\n and\n                WillsRW.\nUse of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio for diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2014;\n        28:\n        1546\u2013\n        50."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b56","article-title":"Zycortal suspension (desoxycorticosterone pivalate injectable suspension)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zycortal suspension (desoxycorticosterone pivalate injectable suspension).\n        Package insert. Dechra Ltd;2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b57","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Investigation of the urine cortisol to creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"260","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moya\nMV,\n\n\nRefsal\nKR,\n\n\nLanglois\nDK.\n\n\nInvestigation of the urine cortisol to creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2022;\n        260(\n        9):\n        1041\u2013\n        7."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b58","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"482","article-title":"Urinary cortisol-creatinine ratio in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"36","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del Baldo\nF,\n\n\nGerou Ferriani\nM,\n\n\nBertazzolo\nW,\n\n\nLuciani\nM,\n\n\nTardo\nAM,\n\n\nFracassi\nF.\n\n\nUrinary cortisol-creatinine ratio in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2022;\n        36(\n        2):\n        482\u2013\n        7."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b59","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"77","article-title":"Lower initial dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"91","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bates\nJA,\n\n\nShott\nS,\n\n\nSchall\nWD.\n\n\nLower initial dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        Aust Vet J2013;\n        91(\n        3):\n        77\u2013\n        82."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b60","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"43","article-title":"Treatment and long-term follow-up of 205 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"11","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kintzer\nPP\n\n\nPeterson\nME.\n\n\nTreatment and long-term follow-up of 205 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med1997;\n        11(\n        2):\n        43\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b61","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Evaluation of a low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long-term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"33","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sieber-Ruckstuhl\nNS,\n\n\nReusch\nCE,\n\n\nHofer-Inteeworn\nN,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of a low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long-term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2019;\n        33(\n        3):\n        1266\u2013\n        71."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b62","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1720","article-title":"Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vincent\nAM,\n\n\nOkonkowski\nLK,\n\n\nBrudvig\nJM,\n\n\n.\n        Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: a randomized controlled clinical trial.\n        J Vet Intern Med2021;\n        35(\n        4):\n        1720\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b63","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Botsford\nA,\n\n\nBehrend\nEN,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\n.\n        Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018:\n        32:\n        1886\u2013\n        90."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b64","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Comparison of serum cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs after administration of freshly reconstituted versus reconstituted and stored frozen cosyntropin","volume":"212","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frank\nLA\n\n\nOliver\nJ.\n\n\nComparison of serum cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs after administration of freshly reconstituted versus reconstituted and stored frozen cosyntropin.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1998;\n        212:\n        1569\u2013\n        71."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b65","series-title":"N Am J Med Sci","first-page":"255","article-title":"Errors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician","volume":"5","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asirvatham\nJR,\n\n\nMoses\nV,\n\n\nBjornson\nL.\n\n\nErrors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician.\n        N Am J Med Sci2013;\n        5(\n        4):\n        255\u2013\n        9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b66","series-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison\u2019s disease) in dogs","volume":"9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lathan\nP\n\n\nThompson\nAL.\n\n\nManagement of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison\u2019s disease) in dogs.\n        Vet Med (Auckl)2018;\n        9:\n        1\u2013\n        10."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b67","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"116","article-title":"Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high-dose radioactive iodine treatment","volume":"11","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hibbert\nA,\n\n\nGruffydd-Jones\nT,\n\n\nBarrett\nEL,\n\n\n.\n        Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high-dose radioactive iodine treatment.\n        J Feline Med Surg2009;\n        11:\n        116\u2013\n        24."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b68","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"49","article-title":"Predicting outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine","volume":"36","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peterson\nME\n\n\nRishniw\nM.\n\n\nPredicting outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.\n        J Vet Intern Med2022;\n        36(\n        1):\n        49\u2013\n        58."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b69","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats","volume":"23","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rutland\nBE,\n\n\nNachreiner\nRF,\n\n\nKruger\nJM.\n\n\nOptimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2009;\n        23:\n        1025\u2013\n        1030."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b70","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Evaluation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"29","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peterson\nM,\n\n\nGuterl\nJ,\n\n\nNichols\nR,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2015;\n        29:\n        1327\u2013\n        34."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b71","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"295","article-title":"Evaluation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nVarela\nFV,\n\n\nRishniw\nM,\n\n\nPolzin\nDJ.\n\n\nEvaluation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration as a marker for masked chronic kidney disease in cats with hyperthyroidism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32(\n        1):\n        295\u2013\n        304."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b72","series-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)","first-page":"9","article-title":"One-year study evaluating effi-cacy of an iodine-restricted diet for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"10","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loftus\nJP,\n\n\nDeRosa\nS,\n\n\nStruble\nAM,\n\n\n.\n        One-year study evaluating effi-cacy of an iodine-restricted diet for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        Vet Med (Auckl)2019;\n        10:\n        9\u2013\n        16."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b73","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"377","article-title":"Double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of individualised homeopathic treatment of hyperthyroid cats","volume":"180","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bodey\nAL,\n\n\nAlmond\nCJ,\n\n\nHolmes\nMA.\n\n\nDouble-blinded randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of individualised homeopathic treatment of hyperthyroid cats.\n        Vet Rec2017;\n        180:\n        377."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b74","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"259","article-title":"Measurement of total thyroxine concentration in serum from dogs and cats by use of various methods","volume":"67","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kemppainen\nRJ\n\n\nBirchfield\nJR.\n\n\nMeasurement of total thyroxine concentration in serum from dogs and cats by use of various methods.\n        Am J Vet Res2006;\n        67:\n        259\u2013\n        65."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b75","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"765","article-title":"More than just T4. Diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"15","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peterson\nME.\n\n\nMore than just T4. Diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        J Feline Med Surg2013;\n        15:\n        765\u2013\n        77."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b76","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"641","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism: expanding the diagnostic net","volume":"13","year":"2011","unstructured":"Djajadiningrat-Laanen\nS,\n\n\nGalac\nS,\n\n\nKooistra\nH.\n\n\nPrimary hyperaldosteronism: expanding the diagnostic net.\n        J Feline Med Surg2011;\n        13(\n        9):\n        641\u2013\n        50."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b77","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"33","article-title":"Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what\u2019s normal? what\u2019s abnormal? The adrenal glands","volume":"23","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griffin\nS.\n\n\nFeline abdominal ultrasonography: what\u2019s normal? what\u2019s abnormal? The adrenal glands.\n        J Feline Med Surg2021;\n        23(\n        1):\n        33\u2013\n        49."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b78","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats: an underdiagnosed disorder","volume":"50","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kooistra\nHS.\n\n\nPrimary hyperaldosteronism in cats: an underdiagnosed disorder.\n        Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2020;\n        50(\n        5):\n        1053\u2013\n        63."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b79","series-title":"Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feline hypothyroidism","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daminet\nS.\n\n\nFeline hypothyroidism.\n        In:MooneyCT,PetersonME,\n        eds.Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        Quedgeley, Gloucester:\n        British Small Animal Veterinary Association;\n        2012:\n        1\u2013\n        5."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b80","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats [published correction appears in J Vet Intern Med 2019;33(2):1111]","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nCarothers\nMA,\n\n\nGamble\nDA,\n\n\nRishniw\nM.\n\n\nSpontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats [published correction appears in J Vet Intern Med 2019;33(2):1111].\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32(\n        6):\n        1864\u2013\n        73."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b81","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson,\nME,\n\n\nCarothers,\nMA,\n\n\nGamble,\nDA,\n\n.\n        \nSpontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32:\n        1864\u2013\n        73."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b82","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine using an individualised scoring system","volume":"21","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez\nY,\n\n\nPuig\nJ,\n\n\nPowell\nR,\n\n\n.\n        Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine using an individualised scoring system.\n        J Feline Med Surg2019;\n        21(\n        12):\n        1149\u2013\n        56."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b83","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"523","article-title":"Thyroid and renal function in cats following low-dose radioiodine (111Mbq) therapy","volume":"60","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finch\nNC,\n\n\nStallwood\nJ,\n\n\nTasker\nS,\n\n\n.\n        Thyroid and renal function in cats following low-dose radioiodine (111Mbq) therapy.\n        J Small Anim Pract2019;\n        60:\n        523\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b84","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"933","article-title":"Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: update on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"19","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boland\nLA\n\n\nBarrs\nVR.\n\n\nPeculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: update on diagnosis and treatment.\n        J Feline Med Surg2017;\n        19(\n        9):\n        933\u2013\n        47."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b85","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"452","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism in cats","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldman\nEC.\n\n\nHyperadrenocorticism in cats.\n        In:FeldmanE,NelsonR,ReuschC,.,\n        eds.Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        St. Louis:\n        Elsevier;\n        2015:\n        452\u2013\n        84."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b86","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"171","article-title":"Feline hyperadrenocorticism\u2013where are we now?","volume":"4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoenig\nM.\n\n\nFeline hyperadrenocorticism\u2013where are we now?\n\nJ Feline Med Surg\n\n2002;\n        4(\n        3):\n        171\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b87","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1803","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acierno\nMJ,\n\n\nBrown\nS,\n\n\nColeman\nAE,\n\n\n.\n        ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32(\n        6):\n        1803\u2013\n        22."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats","volume":"54","year":"2018","unstructured":"Behrend\nE,\n\n\nHolford\nA,\n\n\nLathan\nP,\n\n\n.\n        2018 AAHA Diabetes Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats.\n        J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2018;\n        54(\n        1):\n        1\u2013\n        21."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b2","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"400","article-title":"2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism","volume":"18","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carney\nHC,\n\n\nWard\nCR,\n\n\nBailey\nSJ,\n\n\n.\n        2016 AAFP Guidelines for the Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism.\n        J Feline Med Surg2016;\n        18(\n        5):\n        400\u2013\n        16."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b3","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"299","article-title":"Histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in dogs","volume":"18","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gosselin\nSJ,\n\n\nCapen\nCC,\n\n\nMartin\nSL.\n\n\nHistologic and ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in dogs.\n        Vet Pathol1981;\n        18:\n        299\u2013\n        309."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b4","series-title":"Tissue Antigens","first-page":"82","article-title":"Association of canine hypothyroidism with a common major histocompatibility complex DLA class II allele","volume":"68","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kennedy\nLJ,\n\n\nQuarmby\nS,\n\n\nHapp\nGM,\n\n\n.\n        Association of canine hypothyroidism with a common major histocompatibility complex DLA class II allele.\n        Tissue Antigens2006;\n        68:\n        82\u2013\n        6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"466","article-title":"Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism","volume":"220","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nachreiner\nRF,\n\n\nRefsal\nKR,\n\n\nGraham\nPA,\n\n\n.\n        Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;\n        220:\n        466\u2013\n        71."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b6","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"481","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism","volume":"145","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon\nRM,\n\n\nReid\nSW,\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nEpidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical characteristics of canine hypothyroidism.\n        Vet Rec1999;\n        145:\n        481\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"761","article-title":"Hypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987\u20131992)","volume":"204","year":"1994","unstructured":"Panciera\nDL.\n\n\nHypothyroidism in dogs: 66 cases (1987\u20131992).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1994;\n        204:\n        761\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"57","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers","volume":"5","year":"1991","unstructured":"Greco\nDS,\n\n\nFeldman\nEC,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital hypothyroid dwarfism in a family of giant schnauzers.\n        J Vet Intern Med1991;\n        5:\n        57\u2013\n        65."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b9","series-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism with goiter caused by a sodium\/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) mutation in a family of Shih-Tzu dogs","volume":"65","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soler Arias\nEA,\n\n\nCastillo\nVA,\n\n\nGarcia\nJD,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital dyshormonogenic hypothyroidism with goiter caused by a sodium\/iodide symporter (SLC5A5) mutation in a family of Shih-Tzu dogs.\n        Domest Anim Endocrinol2018;\n        65:\n        1\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b10","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1350","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in Tenterfield terriers","volume":"26","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dodgson\nSE,\n\n\nDay\nR,\n\n\nFyfe\nJC.\n\n\nCongenital hypothyroidism with goiter in Tenterfield terriers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2012;\n        26:\n        1350\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b11","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"50","article-title":"Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers","volume":"17","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fyfe\nJC,\n\n\nKampschmidt\nK,\n\n\nDang\nV,\n\n\n.\n        Congenital hypothyroidism with goiter in toy fox terriers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2003;\n        17:\n        50\u2013\n        7."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995\u20132010)","volume":"242","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellumori\nTP,\n\n\nFamula\nTR,\n\n\nBannasch\nDL,\n\n\n.\n        Prevalence of inherited disorders among mixed-breed and purebred dogs: 27,254 cases (1995\u20132010).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2013;\n        242:\n        1549\u2013\n        55."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b13","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Neurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vitale\nCL\n\n\nOlby\nNJ.\n\n\nNeurologic dysfunction in hypothyroid, hyperlipidemic Labrador Retrievers.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        1316\u2013\n        22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"257","article-title":"Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study","volume":"62","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini\nA,\n\n\nFaroni\nE,\n\n\nLunetta\nF,\n\n\n.\n        Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test in 114 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study.\n        J Small Anim Pract2021;\n        62:\n        257\u2013\n        64."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b15","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"72","article-title":"Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism","volume":"40","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon\nRM\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nEvaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism.\n        J Small Anim Pract1999;\n        40:\n        72\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b16","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"183","article-title":"Endogenous TSH in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs","volume":"146","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boretti\nFS\n\n\nReusch\nCE.\n\n\nEndogenous TSH in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs.\n        Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd2004;\n        146:\n        183\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"25","article-title":"Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diaz Espineira\nMM,\n\n\nMol\nJA,\n\n\nPeeters\nME,\n\n\n.\n        Assessment of thyroid function in dogs with low plasma thyroxine concentration.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        25\u2013\n        32."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"463","article-title":"Influence of drugs on thyroid function in dogs","volume":"17","year":"2003","unstructured":"Daminet\nS\n\n\nFerguson\nDC.\n\n\nInfluence of drugs on thyroid function in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2003;\n        17:\n        463\u2013\n        72."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc.","first-page":"765","article-title":"Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease","volume":"219","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kantrowitz\nLB,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\nMeli\u00e1n\nC,\n\n\nNichols\nR.\n\n\nSerum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc.2001;\n        219(\n        6):\n        765\u2013\n        9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"302","article-title":"Assessment of criteria used by veterinary practitioners to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and investigation of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis","volume":"236","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiel\nRE,\n\n\nSist\nM,\n\n\nNachreiner\nRF,\n\n\n.\n        Assessment of criteria used by veterinary practitioners to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and investigation of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2010;\n        236:\n        302\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b21","series-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest","first-page":"716","article-title":"Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds","volume":"27","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hegstad-Davies\nRL,\n\n\nTorres\nSM,\n\n\nSharkey\nLC,\n\n\n.\n        Breed-specific reference intervals for assessing thyroid function in seven dog breeds.\n        J Vet Diagn Invest2015;\n        27:\n        716\u2013\n        27."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b22","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","first-page":"11","article-title":"Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs","volume":"56","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krogh\nAK,\n\n\nLegind\nP,\n\n\nKjelgaard-Hansen\nM,\n\n\n.\n        Exercise induced hypercoagulability, increased von Willebrand factor and decreased thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs.\n        Acta Vet Scand2014;\n        56:\n        11."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b23","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"243","article-title":"Canine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies in health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness","volume":"66","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dixon\nRM\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nCanine serum thyroglobulin autoantibodies in health, hypothyroidism and non-thyroidal illness.\n        Res Vet Sci1999;\n        66:\n        243\u2013\n        6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b24","series-title":"World Sm Animal Assoc World Congress Proc","article-title":"Diagnosing hypothyroidism","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mooney\nCT.\n\n\nDiagnosing hypothyroidism.\n        World Sm Animal Assoc World Congress Proc2013."},{"issue":"18","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b25","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"616","article-title":"Thyroid hormone concentrations in young, healthy, pretrained greyhounds","volume":"161","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shiel\nRE,\n\n\nBrennan\nSF,\n\n\nOmodo-Eluk\nAJ,\n\n\nMooney\nCT.\n\n\nThyroid hormone concentrations in young, healthy, pretrained greyhounds.\n        Vet Rec2007;\n        161(\n        18):\n        616\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b26","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"157","article-title":"Effects of long term phenobarbital treatment on the thyroid and adrenal axis and adrenal function tests in dogs","volume":"14","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muller\nP,\n\n\nWolfsheimer\nK,\n\n\nTaboada\nJ,\n\n\n.\n        Effects of long term phenobarbital treatment on the thyroid and adrenal axis and adrenal function tests in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2008;\n        14(\n        2):\n        157\u2013\n        64."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b27","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"377","article-title":"Effects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hume\nKR,\n\n\nRizzo\nVL,\n\n\nCawley\nJR,\n\n\nBalkman\nCE.\n\n\nEffects of toceranib phosphate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in tumor-bearing dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med.2018;\n        32(\n        1):\n        377\u2013\n        83."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b28","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"435","article-title":"Evaluation of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis in clinically stressed dogs","volume":"22","year":"1986","unstructured":"Chastain\nCB,\n\n\nFranklin\nRT,\n\n\nGanjam\nVK,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of the hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis in clinically stressed dogs.\n        J Am Anim Hosp Assoc1986;\n        22(\n        4):\n        435\u2013\n        42."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b29","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"454","article-title":"Adrenal function in 15 dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"193","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zerbe\nCA,\n\n\nRefsal\nKR,\n\n\nSchall\nWD,\n\n\nNachreiner\nRF,\n\n\nGossain\nVV.\n\n\nAdrenal function in 15 dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1988;\n        193(\n        4):\n        454\u2013\n        6."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b30","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"445","article-title":"Effects of disease on the results of diagnostic tests for use in detecting hyperadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"207","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaplan\nAJ,\n\n\nPeterson\nME,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ.\n\n\nEffects of disease on the results of diagnostic tests for use in detecting hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1995;\n        207(\n        4):\n        445\u2013\n        51"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"874","article-title":"Effects of a mock ultrasonographic procedure on cortisol concentrations during low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing in clinically normal adult dogs","volume":"224","year":"2004","unstructured":"May\nER,\n\n\nFrank\nLA,\n\n\nHnilica\nKA,\n\n\n.\n        Effects of a mock ultrasonographic procedure on cortisol concentrations during low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing in clinically normal adult dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;\n        224(\n        6):\n        874\u2013\n        90."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b32","series-title":"Plumb\u2019s Veterinary Drug Handbook","first-page":"343","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dexamethasone.\nIn:\n\n\nPlumb\nDC.\n\n\n\nPlumb\u2019s Veterinary Drug Handbook\n.\n        9th ed.\n        Stockholm (WI):\n        PharmaVet Inc;\n        2018:\n        343\u2013\n        348."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b33","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"716","article-title":"Duration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs","volume":"53","year":"1992","unstructured":"Moore\nGE\n\n\nHoenig\nM.\n\n\nDuration of pituitary and adrenocortical suppression after long-term administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone in dogs.\n        Am J Vet Res1992;\n        53(\n        5):\n        716\u2013\n        20."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b34","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"685","article-title":"Adrenocortical suppression by topically applied corticosteroids in healthy dogs","volume":"191","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zenoble\nRD\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ.\n\n\nAdrenocortical suppression by topically applied corticosteroids in healthy dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1987;\n        191(\n        6):\n        685\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b35","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"204","article-title":"Adrenocortical suppression in the dog given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide","volume":"43","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\nLorenz\nMD,\n\n\nThompson\nFN.\n\n\nAdrenocortical suppression in the dog given a single intramuscular dose of prednisone or triamcinolone acetonide.\n        Am J Vet Res1982;\n        43(\n        2):\n        204\u2013\n        6."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b36","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"542","article-title":"Plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia","volume":"180","year":"1982","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nGilbertson\nSR,\n\n\nDrucker\nWD.\n\n\nPlasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1982;\n        180(\n        5):\n        542\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b37","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"777","article-title":"Urine cortisolcreatinine and protein-creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital","volume":"34","year":"2020","unstructured":"Citron\nLE,\n\n\nWeinstein\nNM,\n\n\nLittman\nMP,\n\n\nFoster\nJD.\n\n\nUrine cortisolcreatinine and protein-creatinine ratios in urine samples from healthy dogs collected at home and in hospital.\n        J Vet Intern Med2020;\n        34(\n        2):\n        777\u2013\n        82."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b38","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"422","article-title":"Canine hyperadrenocorticism","year":"2015","unstructured":"Behrend\nE.\n\n\nCanine hyperadrenocorticism.\n        In:FeldmanED,NelsonRW,ReuschCE,.,\n        eds.Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        St. Louis:\n        Elsevier;\n        2015;\n        422\u2013\n        31."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b39","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1321","article-title":"Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"232","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vaughan\nMA,\n\n\nFeldman\nEC,\n\n\nHoar\nBR,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of twice-daily, low-dose trilostane treatment administered orally in dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2008;\n        232(\n        9):\n        1321\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"27","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b40","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Evaluation of 2 trilostane protocols for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: twice daily versus once daily","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arenas\nC,\n\n\nMelian\nC,\n\n\nPerez-Alenza\nMD.\n\n\nEvaluation of 2 trilostane protocols for the treatment of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: twice daily versus once daily.\n        J Vet Intern Med2013(\n        27):\n        1478\u2013\n        85."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b41","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1413","article-title":"Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"34","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arenas Bermejo\nC,\n\n\nP\u00e9rez Alenza\nD,\n\n\nGarc\u00eda San Jos\u00e9\nP,\n\n\n.\n        Laboratory assessment of trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2020;\n        34(\n        4):\n        1413\u2013\n        22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b42","article-title":"Vetoryl capsules (trilostane)","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vetoryl capsules (trilostane).\n        Package insert. Dechra Ltd;2015."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b43","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd","first-page":"631","article-title":"Lack of association between clinical signs and laboratory parameters in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism before and during trilostane treatment","volume":"158","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boretti\nFS,\n\n\nHolzthum\nJ,\n\n\nReusch\nCE,\n\n\n.\n        Lack of association between clinical signs and laboratory parameters in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism before and during trilostane treatment.\n        Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd2016;\n        158(\n        9):\n        631\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"23","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b44","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"597","article-title":"Pre-trilostane and three-hour posttrilostane cortisol to monitor trilostane therapy in dogs","volume":"179","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macfarlane\nL,\n\n\nParkin\nT,\n\n\nRamsey\nI.\n\n\nPre-trilostane and three-hour posttrilostane cortisol to monitor trilostane therapy in dogs.\n        Vet Rec2016;\n        179(\n        23):\n        597."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b45","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Comparison of 2 doses for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of or treated for hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"30","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aldridge\nC,\n\n\nBehrend\nEN,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\n.\n        Comparison of 2 doses for ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of or treated for hyperadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2016;\n        30(\n        5):\n        1637\u2013\n        41."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b46","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: 225 cases (1979\u20131993)","volume":"208","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nKintzer\nPP,\n\n\nKass\nPH.\n\n\nPretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: 225 cases (1979\u20131993).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1996;\n        208(\n        1):\n        85\u2013\n        91."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b47","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Comparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 cases (1985\u20132005)","volume":"230","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thompson\nAL,\n\n\nScott-Moncrieff\nJC,\n\n\nAnderson\nJD.\n\n\nComparison of classic hypoadrenocorticism with glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: 46 cases (1985\u20132005).\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2007;\n        230(\n        8):\n        1190\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b48","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Use of a combination of routine hematologic and biochemical test results in a logistic regression model as a diagnostic aid for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"78","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borin-Crivellenti\nS,\n\n\nGarabed\nRB,\n\n\nMoreno-Torres K\nI,\n\n\n.\n        Use of a combination of routine hematologic and biochemical test results in a logistic regression model as a diagnostic aid for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        Am J Vet Res2017;\n        78(\n        10):\n        1171\u2013\n        81."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b49","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"365","article-title":"A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut off or continuum?","volume":"58","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wakayama\nJA,\n\n\nFurrow\nE,\n\n\nMerkel\nLK,\n\n\n.\n        A retrospective study of dogs with atypical hypoadrenocorticism: a diagnostic cut off or continuum?J Small Anim Pract2017;\n        58(\n        7):\n        365\u2013\n        71."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b50","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1351","article-title":"White blood cell count and the sodium to potassium ratio to screen for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"25","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seth\nM,\n\n\nDrobatx\nKJ,\n\n\nChurch\nDB,\n\n\n.\n        White blood cell count and the sodium to potassium ratio to screen for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2011;\n        25:\n        1351\u2013\n        6."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b51","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1168","article-title":"Abnormalities of serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"21","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adler\nJA,\n\n\nDrobatz\nKJ,\n\n\nHess\nRS.\n\n\nAbnormalities of serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2007;\n        21:\n        1168\u2013\n        73."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b52","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"154","article-title":"Evaluation of aldosterone concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"28","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baumstark\nME,\n\n\nSieber-Ruckstuhl\nNS,\n\n\nMuller\nC,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of aldosterone concentrations in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2013;\n        28(\n        1):\n        154\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b53","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med.","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Basal serum cortisol concentration as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"28","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bovens\nC,\n\n\nTennant\nK,\n\n\nReeve\nJ,\n\n\nMurphy\nKF.\n\n\nBasal serum cortisol concentration as a screening test for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med.2014;\n        28(\n        5):\n        1541\u2013\n        5."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b54","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"556","article-title":"Aldosterone-renin and cortisol-to-adrenocorticotropic hormone ratios in healthy dogs and dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"20","year":"2006","unstructured":"Javadi\nS,\n\n\nGalc\nS,\n\n\nBoer\nP,\n\n\n.\n        Aldosterone-renin and cortisol-to-adrenocorticotropic hormone ratios in healthy dogs and dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2006;\n        20:\n        556\u2013\n        61."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b55","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Use of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio for diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"28","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lathan\nP,\n\n\nScott-Moncrieff\nJC,\n and\n                WillsRW.\nUse of the cortisol-to-ACTH ratio for diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Vet Intern Med2014;\n        28:\n        1546\u2013\n        50."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b56","article-title":"Zycortal suspension (desoxycorticosterone pivalate injectable suspension)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zycortal suspension (desoxycorticosterone pivalate injectable suspension).\n        Package insert. Dechra Ltd;2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b57","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Investigation of the urine cortisol to creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs","volume":"260","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moya\nMV,\n\n\nRefsal\nKR,\n\n\nLanglois\nDK.\n\n\nInvestigation of the urine cortisol to creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc2022;\n        260(\n        9):\n        1041\u2013\n        7."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b58","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"482","article-title":"Urinary cortisol-creatinine ratio in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"36","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del Baldo\nF,\n\n\nGerou Ferriani\nM,\n\n\nBertazzolo\nW,\n\n\nLuciani\nM,\n\n\nTardo\nAM,\n\n\nFracassi\nF.\n\n\nUrinary cortisol-creatinine ratio in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2022;\n        36(\n        2):\n        482\u2013\n        7."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b59","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"77","article-title":"Lower initial dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"91","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bates\nJA,\n\n\nShott\nS,\n\n\nSchall\nWD.\n\n\nLower initial dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate for treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        Aust Vet J2013;\n        91(\n        3):\n        77\u2013\n        82."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b60","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"43","article-title":"Treatment and long-term follow-up of 205 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"11","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kintzer\nPP\n\n\nPeterson\nME.\n\n\nTreatment and long-term follow-up of 205 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med1997;\n        11(\n        2):\n        43\u2013\n        9."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b61","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Evaluation of a low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long-term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"33","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sieber-Ruckstuhl\nNS,\n\n\nReusch\nCE,\n\n\nHofer-Inteeworn\nN,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of a low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment protocol for long-term management of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2019;\n        33(\n        3):\n        1266\u2013\n        71."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b62","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1720","article-title":"Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"35","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vincent\nAM,\n\n\nOkonkowski\nLK,\n\n\nBrudvig\nJM,\n\n\n.\n        Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: a randomized controlled clinical trial.\n        J Vet Intern Med2021;\n        35(\n        4):\n        1720\u2013\n        8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b63","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1886","article-title":"Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Botsford\nA,\n\n\nBehrend\nEN,\n\n\nKemppainen\nRJ,\n\n\n.\n        Low-dose ACTH stimulation testing in dogs suspected of hypoadrenocorticism.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018:\n        32:\n        1886\u2013\n        90."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b64","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Comparison of serum cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs after administration of freshly reconstituted versus reconstituted and stored frozen cosyntropin","volume":"212","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frank\nLA\n\n\nOliver\nJ.\n\n\nComparison of serum cortisol concentrations in clinically normal dogs after administration of freshly reconstituted versus reconstituted and stored frozen cosyntropin.\n        J Am Vet Med Assoc1998;\n        212:\n        1569\u2013\n        71."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b65","series-title":"N Am J Med Sci","first-page":"255","article-title":"Errors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician","volume":"5","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asirvatham\nJR,\n\n\nMoses\nV,\n\n\nBjornson\nL.\n\n\nErrors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician.\n        N Am J Med Sci2013;\n        5(\n        4):\n        255\u2013\n        9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b66","series-title":"Vet Med (Auckl)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Management of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison\u2019s disease) in dogs","volume":"9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lathan\nP\n\n\nThompson\nAL.\n\n\nManagement of hypoadrenocorticism (Addison\u2019s disease) in dogs.\n        Vet Med (Auckl)2018;\n        9:\n        1\u2013\n        10."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b67","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"116","article-title":"Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high-dose radioactive iodine treatment","volume":"11","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hibbert\nA,\n\n\nGruffydd-Jones\nT,\n\n\nBarrett\nEL,\n\n\n.\n        Feline thyroid carcinoma: diagnosis and response to high-dose radioactive iodine treatment.\n        J Feline Med Surg2009;\n        11:\n        116\u2013\n        24."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b68","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"49","article-title":"Predicting outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine","volume":"36","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peterson\nME\n\n\nRishniw\nM.\n\n\nPredicting outcomes in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine.\n        J Vet Intern Med2022;\n        36(\n        1):\n        49\u2013\n        58."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b69","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Optimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats","volume":"23","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rutland\nBE,\n\n\nNachreiner\nRF,\n\n\nKruger\nJM.\n\n\nOptimal testing for thyroid hormone concentration after treatment with methimazole in healthy and hyperthyroid cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2009;\n        23:\n        1025\u2013\n        1030."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b70","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Evaluation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"29","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peterson\nM,\n\n\nGuterl\nJ,\n\n\nNichols\nR,\n\n\n.\n        Evaluation of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration as a diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2015;\n        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effi-cacy of an iodine-restricted diet for the treatment of moderate-to-severe hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        Vet Med (Auckl)2019;\n        10:\n        9\u2013\n        16."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b73","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"377","article-title":"Double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of individualised homeopathic treatment of hyperthyroid cats","volume":"180","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bodey\nAL,\n\n\nAlmond\nCJ,\n\n\nHolmes\nMA.\n\n\nDouble-blinded randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of individualised homeopathic treatment of hyperthyroid cats.\n        Vet Rec2017;\n        180:\n        377."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b74","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"259","article-title":"Measurement of total thyroxine concentration in serum from dogs and cats by use of various methods","volume":"67","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kemppainen\nRJ\n\n\nBirchfield\nJR.\n\n\nMeasurement of total thyroxine concentration in serum from dogs and cats by use of various methods.\n        Am J Vet Res2006;\n        67:\n        259\u2013\n        65."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b75","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"765","article-title":"More than just T4. Diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats","volume":"15","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peterson\nME.\n\n\nMore than just T4. Diagnostic testing for hyperthyroidism in cats.\n        J Feline Med Surg2013;\n        15:\n        765\u2013\n        77."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b76","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"641","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism: expanding the diagnostic net","volume":"13","year":"2011","unstructured":"Djajadiningrat-Laanen\nS,\n\n\nGalac\nS,\n\n\nKooistra\nH.\n\n\nPrimary hyperaldosteronism: expanding the diagnostic net.\n        J Feline Med Surg2011;\n        13(\n        9):\n        641\u2013\n        50."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b77","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"33","article-title":"Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what\u2019s normal? what\u2019s abnormal? The adrenal glands","volume":"23","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griffin\nS.\n\n\nFeline abdominal ultrasonography: what\u2019s normal? what\u2019s abnormal? The adrenal glands.\n        J Feline Med Surg2021;\n        23(\n        1):\n        33\u2013\n        49."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b78","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Primary hyperaldosteronism in cats: an underdiagnosed disorder","volume":"50","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kooistra\nHS.\n\n\nPrimary hyperaldosteronism in cats: an underdiagnosed disorder.\n        Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2020;\n        50(\n        5):\n        1053\u2013\n        63."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b79","series-title":"Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feline hypothyroidism","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daminet\nS.\n\n\nFeline hypothyroidism.\n        In:MooneyCT,PetersonME,\n        eds.Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        Quedgeley, Gloucester:\n        British Small Animal Veterinary Association;\n        2012:\n        1\u2013\n        5."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b80","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats [published correction appears in J Vet Intern Med 2019;33(2):1111]","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson\nME,\n\n\nCarothers\nMA,\n\n\nGamble\nDA,\n\n\nRishniw\nM.\n\n\nSpontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats [published correction appears in J Vet Intern Med 2019;33(2):1111].\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32(\n        6):\n        1864\u2013\n        73."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b81","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Spontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterson,\nME,\n\n\nCarothers,\nMA,\n\n\nGamble,\nDA,\n\n.\n        \nSpontaneous primary hypothyroidism in 7 adult cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32:\n        1864\u2013\n        73."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b82","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine using an individualised scoring system","volume":"21","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez\nY,\n\n\nPuig\nJ,\n\n\nPowell\nR,\n\n\n.\n        Prevalence of iatrogenic hypothyroidism in hyperthyroid cats treated with radioiodine using an individualised scoring system.\n        J Feline Med Surg2019;\n        21(\n        12):\n        1149\u2013\n        56."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b83","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"523","article-title":"Thyroid and renal function in cats following low-dose radioiodine (111Mbq) therapy","volume":"60","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finch\nNC,\n\n\nStallwood\nJ,\n\n\nTasker\nS,\n\n\n.\n        Thyroid and renal function in cats following low-dose radioiodine (111Mbq) therapy.\n        J Small Anim Pract2019;\n        60:\n        523\u2013\n        8."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b84","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"933","article-title":"Peculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: update on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"19","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boland\nLA\n\n\nBarrs\nVR.\n\n\nPeculiarities of feline hyperadrenocorticism: update on diagnosis and treatment.\n        J Feline Med Surg2017;\n        19(\n        9):\n        933\u2013\n        47."},{"key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b85","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology.","first-page":"452","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism in cats","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldman\nEC.\n\n\nHyperadrenocorticism in cats.\n        In:FeldmanE,NelsonR,ReuschC,.,\n        eds.Canine and Feline Endocrinology.4th ed.\n        St. Louis:\n        Elsevier;\n        2015:\n        452\u2013\n        84."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b86","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"171","article-title":"Feline hyperadrenocorticism\u2013where are we now?","volume":"4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoenig\nM.\n\n\nFeline hyperadrenocorticism\u2013where are we now?\n\nJ Feline Med Surg\n\n2002;\n        4(\n        3):\n        171\u2013\n        4."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-59-3-113-b87","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1803","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats","volume":"32","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acierno\nMJ,\n\n\nBrown\nS,\n\n\nColeman\nAE,\n\n\n.\n        ACVIM consensus statement: guidelines for the identification, evaluation, and management of systemic hypertension in dogs and cats.\n        J Vet Intern Med2018;\n        32(\n        6):\n        1803\u2013\n        22."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital 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