{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:18:20Z","timestamp":1763741900127,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Collecting clean-caught voided urine samples is minimally invasive, but contamination occurs when urine passes through the nonsterile urethra and external genitalia. Discarding the initial urine stream may reduce these contaminants. This study hypothesized that using a midstream urine collection device would decrease bacterial and cellular contamination as compared with cleanly caught voided urine. This descriptive cross-sectional study collected urine from dogs using standard clean-caught (SCC), midstream collection device (MCD), and cystocentesis (CYS) techniques. Urinalysis and aerobic urine culture characteristics were recorded with each characteristic\u2019s prevalence described using percentages and 95% confidence intervals for each mode of collection. Positive urine culture prevalence did not differ between SCC and MCD (adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    value = .099); however, CYS had a lower prevalence compared with SCC and MCD (adjusted\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    values of &lt;.001 [CYS versus SCC] and 0.009 [CYS versus MCD]). For other variables, there was no difference in prevalence when comparing SCC with MCD. There was no identified advantage to collecting urine using an MCD as compared with the SCC technique. Either option is a suitable alternative when CYS is not practical; however, clinicians need to interpret results cautiously because bacterial contamination is more common as compared with CYS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T12:08:35Z","timestamp":1730376515000},"page":"247-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urine Contamination Prevalence Using a Midstream Collection Device Compared with Clean Voided Collections in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Meghan","family":"Hoel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine (M.H.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faye A.","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, UW Veterinary Care (F.A.H.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lasarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.R.L.), University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, Wisconsin (M.W.W.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"135","article-title":"Urine cytology: Collection, film preparation, and evaluation","volume":"47","author":"Vap","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vap\n              LM,\n            \n            \n              Shropshire\n              SB.\n            \n          \n          Urine cytology: Collection, film preparation, and evaluation. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2017;47(1):135\u201349."},{"issue":"3","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"288","article-title":"Massive transfusion and surgical management of iatrogenic aortic laceration associated with cystocentesis in a dog","volume":"235","author":"Buckley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buckley\n              GJ,\n            \n            \n              Aktay\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Rozanski\n              EA.\n            \n          \n          Massive transfusion and surgical management of iatrogenic aortic laceration associated with cystocentesis in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc2009;235(3):288\u201391."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b3","series-title":"Turk J Vet Anim Sci","first-page":"459","article-title":"Complications of ultrasound-guided cystocentesis in companion animals: 21 cases (2005-2016)","volume":"42","author":"Manfredi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manfredi\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Carvalho\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Fonti\n              P,\n            \n            \n          \n          Complications of ultrasound-guided cystocentesis in companion animals: 21 cases (2005-2016). Turk J Vet Anim Sci2018;42(5):459\u201366."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"353","article-title":"Cystocentesis. 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Sociol Methods Res2001;29(4):403\u201334."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b6","series-title":"J Stat Softw","first-page":"1","article-title":"The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations","volume":"15","author":"Hojsgaard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hojsgaard\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Halekoh\n              U,\n            \n            \n              Yan\n              J.\n            \n          \n          The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations. J Stat Softw2006;15(2):1\u201311."},{"issue":"9","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b7","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"891","article-title":"Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of canine urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis, catheterization, and the midstream voided methods","volume":"179","author":"Comer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Comer\n              KM,\n            \n            \n              Ling\n              GV.\n            \n          \n          Results of urinalysis and bacterial culture of canine urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis, catheterization, and the midstream voided methods. J Am Vet Med Assoc1981;179(9):891\u20135."},{"key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b8","series-title":"Diagnostic Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology.","first-page":"151","author":"Biberstein","year":"1990","unstructured":"Biberstein\n              EL.\n            \n          \n          \n            Haemophilus and Taylorella. In: CarterGR,ColeJR, eds. Diagnostic Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology.5th ed. Cambridge: Academic Press; 1990:151\u201364."},{"key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b9","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","first-page":"4180490","article-title":"Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the urine samples of Iranian dogs: Antimicrobial resistance pattern and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"2017","author":"Yousefi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yousefi\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Torkan\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the urine samples of Iranian dogs: Antimicrobial resistance pattern and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes. BioMed Res Int2017;2017:4180490."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b10","series-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"582","article-title":"Evaluation of fecal microbiota transfer as treatment for postweaning diarrhea in research-colony puppies","volume":"55","author":"Burton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burton\n              EN,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Connor\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Ericsson\n              AC,\n            \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of fecal microbiota transfer as treatment for postweaning diarrhea in research-colony puppies. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci2016;55(5):582\u20137."},{"key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b11","series-title":"Cowell and Tyler\u2019s Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat.","first-page":"379","author":"Wamsley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wamsley\n              HL.\n            \n          \n          Examination of the urine sediment. In: ValencianoAC,CowellRL, eds. Cowell and Tyler\u2019s Diagnostic Cytology and Hematology of the Dog and Cat.5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2020:379\u2013405."},{"key":"i0587-2871-60-6-247-b12","series-title":"Kirk & Bistner\u2019s Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment.","first-page":"442","author":"Ford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ford\n              RB,\n            \n            \n              Mazzaferro\n              EM.\n            \n          \n          Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In: FordRB,MazzaferroE, eds. Kirk & Bistner\u2019s Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment.9th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2012:442\u2013550."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/60\/6\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/60\/6\/247\/3451731\/i1547-3317-60-6-247.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/60\/6\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/60\/6\/article-p247.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:07:02Z","timestamp":1763741222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/60\/6\/article-p247.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7415","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-3317"},{"type":"print","value":"0587-2871"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]}}}