{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:34:37Z","timestamp":1791041677604,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A 10 yr old spayed female ragdoll cat presented with sudden onset of sneezing, nasal discharge, and stertor. There was no improvement in clinical signs despite treatment with antibiotics, feline interferon, and nebulization. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed findings consistent with chronic rhinitis, and a tissue biopsy obtained by rhinoscopy led to a histopathologic diagnosis of sinonasal aspergillosis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification identified the causative agent as\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus udagawae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Oral itraconazole therapy was initiated. However, the cat\u2019s clinical signs progressed to include left exophthalmos, nictitating membrane protrusion, and lacrimation. A second CT scan revealed a soft-tissue attenuating structure extending into the left retrobulbar space, confirming progression to sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA). The oral medication was changed to posaconazole and continued for 5 mo, resulting in resolution of the clinical signs. The cat has remained asymptomatic over 24 mo since initial diagnosis. This case represents the first successful treatment of feline SOA caused by\n                    <jats:italic>A udagawae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection with posaconazole.\n                    <jats:italic>A udagawae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the second most common cause of SOA and is known to be intractable because of its low susceptibility to antifungal agents and poor response to topical clotrimazole. Posaconazole may be a valuable treatment option for SOA caused by\n                    <jats:italic>A udagawae<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T11:22:08Z","timestamp":1725535328000},"page":"193-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Successful Treatment of Sino-Orbital Aspergillus udagawae Infection Using Oral Posaconazole in a Cat"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yoriko","family":"Akashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jiyugaoka Animal Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.,Y.T.P.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Tae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Jiyugaoka Animal Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A.,Y.T.P.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett S.","family":"Oatelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.M., G.S.O.);"},{"name":"VCA Canada CARE Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.S.O); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Anzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan (K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (M.M., G.S.O.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"58","article-title":"Sinonasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis in 23 cats: aetiology, clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes","volume":"191","author":"Barrs","year":"2012"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b2","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"7","article-title":"Two cases of feline orbital aspergillosis due to Aspergillus udagawae and A. viridinutans","volume":"75","author":"Kano","year":"2013"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Intranasal infusion of clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in two cats","volume":"235","author":"Furrow","year":"2009"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"714","article-title":"Invasive mould infections of the naso-orbital region of cats: a case involving Aspergillus fumigatus and an aetiological review","volume":"12","author":"Giordano","year":"2010"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b5","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"190","article-title":"A case series of unilateral orbital aspergillosis in three cats and treatment with voriconazole","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b6","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"17","article-title":"What causes canine sino-nasal aspergillosis? A molecular approach to species identification","volume":"200","author":"Talbot","year":"2014"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b7","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"102","article-title":"Invasive aspergillosis due to Neosartorya udagawae","volume":"49","author":"Vinh","year":"2009"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b8","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e64871","article-title":"Aspergillus felis sp. nov., an emerging agent of invasive aspergillosis in humans, cats, and dogs","volume":"8","author":"Barrs","year":"2013"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b9","series-title":"Mycoses","first-page":"360","article-title":"Isolation of Aspergillus udagawae from a fatal case of feline orbital aspergillosis","volume":"51","author":"Kano","year":"2008"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b10","series-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep","first-page":"13","article-title":"Complete clinical response to combined antifungal therapy in two cats with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by cryptic Aspergillus species in section Fumigati","volume":"34","author":"Kay","year":"2021"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b11","series-title":"PCR-protocols: a guide to methods and applications.","first-page":"315","author":"White","year":"1990"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b12","series-title":"Mycologia","first-page":"1316","article-title":"Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus fumigatus and related species","volume":"97","author":"Hong","year":"2005"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b13","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"53","article-title":"Four cats with fungal rhinitis","volume":"7","author":"Whitney","year":"2005"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b14","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"51","article-title":"Feline aspergillosis","volume":"44","author":"Barrs","year":"2014"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b15","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"302","article-title":"Use of posaconazole in the management of invasive orbital aspergillosis in a cat","volume":"42","author":"McLellan","year":"2006"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b16","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0178783","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of caspofungin acetate to guide optimal dosing in cats","volume":"12","author":"Leshinsky","year":"2017"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b17","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"331","article-title":"Fungal rhinosinusitis and disseminated invasive aspergillosis in cats","volume":"50","author":"Barrs","year":"2020"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b18","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1703","article-title":"Posaconazole pharmacokinetics in healthy cats after oral and intravenous administration","volume":"30","author":"Mawby","year":"2016"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b19","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2395","article-title":"Disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus felis in a cat","volume":"35","author":"Cormack","year":"2021"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b20","series-title":"JFMS Open Rep","article-title":"Sinonasal aspergillosis in a British Shorthair cat in the UK","volume":"2","author":"Tamborini","year":"2016"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"58","article-title":"Sinonasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis in 23 cats: aetiology, clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes","volume":"191","author":"Barrs","year":"2012"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b2","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"7","article-title":"Two cases of feline orbital aspergillosis due to Aspergillus udagawae and A. viridinutans","volume":"75","author":"Kano","year":"2013"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Intranasal infusion of clotrimazole for the treatment of nasal aspergillosis in two cats","volume":"235","author":"Furrow","year":"2009"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b4","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"714","article-title":"Invasive mould infections of the naso-orbital region of cats: a case involving Aspergillus fumigatus and an aetiological review","volume":"12","author":"Giordano","year":"2010"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b5","series-title":"Vet Ophthalmol","first-page":"190","article-title":"A case series of unilateral orbital aspergillosis in three cats and treatment with voriconazole","volume":"13","author":"Smith","year":"2010"},{"key":"i1547-3317-60-5-193-b6","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"17","article-title":"What causes canine sino-nasal aspergillosis? 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