{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:17:55Z","timestamp":1763741875033,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 3 yr old intact male Doberman pinscher was referred with chronic diarrhea, severe polyuria-polydipsia, and behavioral changes for 2 wk. Biochemical abnormalities were consistent with central diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, and hypoadrenocorticism. Brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis raised suspicion for lymphocytic hypophysitis and meningitis, later confirmed histologically. Immunosuppressive steroid therapy and hormonal supplementation were implemented, resulting in a marked clinical improvement. Brain MRI at a 3 mo follow-up showed a resolution of inflammatory lesions along with pituitary atrophy. The patient was euthanized 4.5 mo following diagnosis because of uncontrolled aggressiveness. Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LHP) is a rare autoimmune condition in people and dogs, often accompanied by total or partial pituitary hormonal deficiency. This is the first case of histologically confirmed canine LHP with documented clinical and biochemical response to medical management. As described in people, LHP should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pituitary lesions. Although the overall prognosis of this disease remains guarded to poor, early diagnosis and adequate immunosuppressive treatment might improve the outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T19:44:43Z","timestamp":1746042283000},"page":"68-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lymphocytic Panhypophysitis Resulting in Panhypopituitarism in a Dog"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Manon","family":"David","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From CHV Languedocia, France (M.D.);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Olender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS AzurVet, Nice, France (M.O., J.F., J.C., C.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS AzurVet, Nice, France (M.O., J.F., J.C., C.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Couturier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS AzurVet, Nice, France (M.O., J.F., J.C., C.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Dor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS AzurVet, Nice, France (M.O., J.F., J.C., C.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b1","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"101371","article-title":"Hypophysitis: An update on the novel forms, diagnosis and management of disorders of pituitary inflammation","volume":"33","author":"Gubbi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gubbi\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Hannah-Shmouni\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Verbalis\n              JG,\n            \n            \n          \n          Hypophysitis: An update on the novel forms, diagnosis and management of disorders of pituitary inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab2019;33:101371."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b2","series-title":"J Clin Endo Metab","first-page":"10","article-title":"Hypophysitis, the growing spectrum of a rare pituitary disease","volume":"107","author":"Langlois","year":"2022","unstructured":"Langlois\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Varlamov\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Fleseriu\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Hypophysitis, the growing spectrum of a rare pituitary disease. J Clin Endo Metab2022;107:10\u201328."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b3","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"871","article-title":"Histopathologic findings in canine pituitary glands","volume":"55","author":"Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Bruyette\n              DS,\n            \n            \n              Scott-Moncrieff\n              JC,\n            \n            \n          \n          Histopathologic findings in canine pituitary glands. Vet Pathol2018;55:871\u20139."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b4","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"1082","article-title":"Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and adrenalitis in a dog with adrenal and thyroid atrophy","volume":"47","author":"Adissu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adissu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Hamel\u2010Jolette\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Foster\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis and adrenalitis in a dog with adrenal and thyroid atrophy. Vet Pathol2010;47:1082\u20135."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b5","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Sudden death in a dog with lymphoplasmacytic hypophysitis","volume":"145","author":"Wolfesberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolfesberger\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Fuchs\u2010Baumgartinger\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Schwendenwein\n              I,\n            \n            \n          \n          Sudden death in a dog with lymphoplasmacytic hypophysitis. J Comp Pathol2011;145:231\u20134."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b6","series-title":"J Comp Pathol","first-page":"503","article-title":"Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a dog with diabetes insipidus","volume":"147","author":"Meij","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meij\n              BP,\n            \n            \n              Voorhout\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Gerritsen\n              RJ,\n            \n            \n          \n          Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a dog with diabetes insipidus. J Comp Pathol2012;147:503\u20137."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b7","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"63","article-title":"Restored vision in a young dog following corticosteroid treatment of presumptive hypophysitis","volume":"13","author":"Rzechorzek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rzechorzek\n              NM,\n            \n            \n              Liuti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Stalin\n              C,\n            \n            \n          \n          Restored vision in a young dog following corticosteroid treatment of presumptive hypophysitis. BMC Vet Res2016;13:63."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b8","series-title":"J Intern Vet Med","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Hypophysitis, panhypopituitarism, and hypothalamitis in a Scottish terrier dog","volume":"31","author":"Polledo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polledo\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Oliveira\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Adamany\n              J,\n            \n            \n          \n          Hypophysitis, panhypopituitarism, and hypothalamitis in a Scottish terrier dog. J Intern Vet Med2017;31:1527\u201332."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b9","series-title":"Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1766","article-title":"A radiologic score to distinguish autoimmune hypophysitis from nonsecreting pituitary adenoma preoperatively","volume":"30","author":"Gutenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gutenberg\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Larsen\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Lupi\n              I,\n            \n            \n          \n          A radiologic score to distinguish autoimmune hypophysitis from nonsecreting pituitary adenoma preoperatively. Am J Neuroradiol2009;30:1766\u201372."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b10","series-title":"J Intern Vet Med","first-page":"160","article-title":"Cross-sectional imaging characteristics of pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas and adenocarcinomas in dogs: 33 cases (1988-2006)","volume":"24","author":"Pollard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pollard\n              RE,\n            \n            \n              Reilly\n              CM,\n            \n            \n              Uerling\n              MR,\n            \n            \n          \n          Cross-sectional imaging characteristics of pituitary adenomas, invasive adenomas and adenocarcinomas in dogs: 33 cases (1988-2006). J Intern Vet Med2010;24:160\u20135."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b11","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"1208919","article-title":"Lymphocytic hypophysitis in dogs infected with Leishmania spp","volume":"10","author":"Figerio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Figerio\n              ED,\n            \n            \n              De Castro\n              G\n            , Gon\u00e7alves JussianiG\n          Lymphocytic hypophysitis in dogs infected with Leishmania spp. Front Vet Sci2023;10:1208919."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b12","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"53","article-title":"Canine nervous system lymphoma subtypes display characteristic neuroanatomical patterns","volume":"54","author":"Siso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siso\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Marco-Salazar\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Moore\n              PF,\n            \n            \n          \n          Canine nervous system lymphoma subtypes display characteristic neuroanatomical patterns. Vet Pathol2017;54:53\u201360."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b13","series-title":"J Intern Vet Med","first-page":"607","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006\u20132012)","volume":"29","author":"Mariani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mariani\n              CL,\n            \n            \n              Jennings\n              MK,\n            \n            \n              Olby\n              NJ\n            \n            \n          \n          Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006\u20132012). J Intern Vet Med2015;29:607\u201313."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b14","series-title":"J Clinical Endo Metab","first-page":"3460","article-title":"Treatment of primary hypophysitis in Germany","volume":"100","author":"Honegger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Honegger\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Buchfelder\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Schlaffer\n              S,\n            \n            \n          \n          Treatment of primary hypophysitis in Germany. J Clinical Endo Metab2016;100:3460\u20139."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b15","series-title":"J Clin Endo Metab","first-page":"3877","article-title":"Hypophysitis outcome and factors predicting responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy: A prospective and double-arm study","volume":"103","author":"Chiloiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiloiro\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Tartaglione\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Capoluongo\n              ED,\n            \n            \n          \n          Hypophysitis outcome and factors predicting responsiveness to glucocorticoid therapy: A prospective and double-arm study\n          .\n          \n            J Clin Endo Metab\n          \n          2018;103:3877\u201389."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b16","series-title":"Eur J Endocrinol","first-page":"127","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus is an unfavorable prognostic factor for response to glucocorticoids in patients with autoimmune hypophysitis","volume":"177","author":"Lupi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lupi\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Cosottini\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Caturegli\n              P,\n            \n            \n          \n          Diabetes insipidus is an unfavorable prognostic factor for response to glucocorticoids in patients with autoimmune hypophysitis. Eur J Endocrinol2017;177(2):127\u201335."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b17","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"64","article-title":"Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine","volume":"33","author":"Hrovat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hrovat\n              A,\n            \n            \n              De Keuster\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Kooistra\n              HS,\n            \n            \n          \n          Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. J Vet Intern Med2019;33:64\u201371."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b18","series-title":"Neuroendocrinol","first-page":"282","article-title":"Systemic and local corticosteroid use is associated with reduced executive cognition, and mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"110","author":"Savas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savas\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Vinkers\n              CH,\n            \n            \n              Rosmalen\n              JG,\n            \n            \n          \n          Systemic and local corticosteroid use is associated with reduced executive cognition, and mood and anxiety disorders. Neuroendocrinol2019;110:282\u201391."},{"key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b19","series-title":"Animals","first-page":"592","article-title":"Psycho-behavioural changes in dogs treated with corticosteroids: a clinical behaviour perspective","volume":"12","author":"Notari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Notari\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Kirton\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Mills\n              DS.\n            \n          \n          Psycho-behavioural changes in dogs treated with corticosteroids: a clinical behaviour perspective. Animals2022;12:592."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0587-2871-61-3-68-b20","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"303","article-title":"Differential diagnosis and management of human-directed aggression in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Reisner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reisner\n              IR.\n            \n          \n          Differential diagnosis and management of human-directed aggression in dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2003;33(2):303\u201320."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/3\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/61\/3\/68\/3513280\/i1547-3317-61-3-68.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/3\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/3\/article-p68.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:06:11Z","timestamp":1763741171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/3\/article-p68.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-3317"},{"type":"print","value":"0587-2871"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}