{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:17:41Z","timestamp":1763741861429,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n A 5 yr old chihuahua presented to our clinic with a complaint of decreased activity and focal seizures. Based on the findings of MRI and computed tomography, a primary brain tumor originating from the right frontal lobe region was suspected. Surgical resection was performed, and a diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was made via histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Low-dose 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) (45 mg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n every 4\u20135 wk) was started postoperatively, and no apparent recurrence was found on two MRI scans until the patient\u2019s death on day 359. We hypothesized that long-term survival might be achieved in dogs with solitary histiocytic sarcoma of the central nervous system with no metastatic lesions at diagnosis by combining local treatment with CCNU. We also suggested that CCNU may effectively suppress the recurrence of histiocytic sarcoma, even at low doses.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T15:56:22Z","timestamp":1736178982000},"page":"15-20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Survival of Primary Intracranial Histiocytic Sarcoma Through Surgical Resection and Low-Dose CCNU"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Hidari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan (K.H., Y.N., M.N.);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan (K.H., Y.N., M.N.);"},{"name":"Veterinary Medical Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan (Y.N.);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James K.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.K.C., K.U.); and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.K.C., K.U.); and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maple Animal Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan (I.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Neuro Vets Animal Neurology Clinic, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan (K.H., Y.N., M.N.);"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b1","series-title":"Vet Pathol","first-page":"66","article-title":"The diagnosis and prognosis of synovial tumors in dogs: 35 cases","volume":"39","author":"Craig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Craig\n LE,\n \n \n Julian\n ME,\n \n \n Ferracone\n JD.\n \n \n The diagnosis and prognosis of synovial tumors in dogs: 35 cases. Vet Pathol2002;39:66\u201373."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b2","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"458","article-title":"Outcome in dogs with curative-intent treatment of localized primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"20","author":"Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray\n CA,\n \n \n Willcox\n JL,\n \n \n De Mello Souza\n CH,\n \n \n \n Outcome in dogs with curative-intent treatment of localized primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol2022;20:458\u201364."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b3","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2645","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in dogs with localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma treated with splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy","volume":"34","author":"Latifi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Latifi\n M,\n \n \n Tuohy\n JL,\n \n \n Coutermarsh-Ott\n SL,\n \n \n \n Clinical outcomes in dogs with localized splenic histiocytic sarcoma treated with splenectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. J Vet Intern Med2020;34:2645\u201350."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b4","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"63","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcomas in flat-coated retrievers: a summary of 37 cases (November 1988\u2013March 2005)","volume":"4","author":"Fidel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fidel\n J,\n \n \n Schiller\n I,\n \n \n Hauser\n B,\n \n \n \n Histiocytic sarcomas in flat-coated retrievers: a summary of 37 cases (November 1988\u2013March 2005). Vet Comp Oncol2006;4:63\u201374."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b5","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"121","article-title":"CCNU for the treatment of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"21","author":"Skorupski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skorupski\n KA,\n \n \n Clifford\n CA,\n \n \n Paoloni\n MC,\n \n \n \n CCNU for the treatment of dogs with histiocytic sarcoma. J Vet Intern Med2007;21:121\u20136."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b6","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"77","article-title":"A retrospective survey on canine intracranial tumors between 2007 and 2017","volume":"82","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kishimoto\n TE,\n \n \n Uchida\n K,\n \n \n Chambers\n JK,\n \n \n \n A retrospective survey on canine intracranial tumors between 2007 and 2017. J Vet Med Sci2020;82:77\u201383."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b7","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"607","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006\u20132012)","volume":"29","author":"Mariani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mariani\n CL,\n \n \n Jennings\n MK,\n \n \n Olby\n NJ,\n \n \n \n Histiocytic sarcoma with central nervous system involvement in dogs: 19 cases (2006\u20132012). J Vet Intern Med2015;29:607\u201313."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"828","article-title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Toyoda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Toyoda\n I,\n \n \n Vernau\n W,\n \n \n Sturges\n BK,\n \n \n \n Clinicopathological characteristics of histiocytic sarcoma affecting the central nervous system in dogs. J Vet Intern Med2020;34:828\u201337."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b9","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"593","article-title":"Histological and immunohistochemical studies on primary intracranial canine histiocytic sarcomas","volume":"78","author":"Thongtharb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thongtharb\n A,\n \n \n Uchida\n K,\n \n \n Chambers\n JK,\n \n \n \n Histological and immunohistochemical studies on primary intracranial canine histiocytic sarcomas. J Vet Med Sci2016;78:593\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b10","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1782","article-title":"Successful use of prednisolone and radiation therapy in a dog with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"83","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takahashi\n T,\n \n \n Kagawa\n Y,\n \n \n Ito\n D.\n \n \n Successful use of prednisolone and radiation therapy in a dog with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma. J Vet Med Sci2021;83:1782\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b11","series-title":"J Jpn Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"889","article-title":"Primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in a dog","volume":"64","author":"Fukui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukui\n S,\n \n \n Ueno\n H,\n \n \n Enomoto\n H,\n \n \n \n Primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in a dog. J Jpn Vet Med Assoc2011;64:889\u201392"},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b12","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"1397","article-title":"18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in a dog","volume":"71","author":"Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang\n BT,\n \n \n Park\n C,\n \n \n Yoo\n JH,\n \n \n \n 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of primary intracranial histiocytic sarcoma in a dog. J Vet Med Sci2009;71:1397\u2013401."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b13","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"394","article-title":"Histiocytic sarcoma with spinal necrosis in a dog with progressing non-ambulatory tetraparesis","volume":"13","author":"Nemoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nemoto\n Y,\n \n \n Nakaichi\n M,\n \n \n Sakurai\n M,\n \n \n \n Histiocytic sarcoma with spinal necrosis in a dog with progressing non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Open Vet J2023;13:394\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b14","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Clinical prognostic factors in canine histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"15","author":"Dervisis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dervisis\n NG,\n \n \n Kiupel\n M,\n \n \n Qin\n Q,\n \n \n \n Clinical prognostic factors in canine histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol2017;15:1171\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b15","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"658","article-title":"Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 37 cases (2000\u20132015)","volume":"16","author":"Marlowe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marlowe\n KW,\n \n \n Robat\n CS,\n \n \n Clarke\n DM,\n \n \n \n Primary pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: a retrospective analysis of 37 cases (2000\u20132015). Vet Comp Oncol2018;16:658\u201363."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b16","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"778","article-title":"Outcome comparison between radiation therapy and surgery as primary treatment for dogs with periarticular histiocytic sarcoma: an Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology study","volume":"18","author":"Marconato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marconato\n L,\n \n \n Sabattini\n S,\n \n \n Buchholz\n J,\n \n \n \n Outcome comparison between radiation therapy and surgery as primary treatment for dogs with periarticular histiocytic sarcoma: an Italian Society of Veterinary Oncology study. Vet Comp Oncol2020;18:778\u201386."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b17","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrsound","first-page":"422","article-title":"Comparisons among MRI signs, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fractional anisotropy in dogs with a solitary intracranial meningioma or histiocytic sarcoma","volume":"58","author":"Wada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wada\n M,\n \n \n Hasegawa\n D,\n \n \n Hamamoto\n Y,\n \n \n \n Comparisons among MRI signs, apparent diffusion coefficient, and fractional anisotropy in dogs with a solitary intracranial meningioma or histiocytic sarcoma. Vet Radiol Ultrsound2017;58:422\u201332."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b18","series-title":"J Jpn Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"795","article-title":"Efficacy of lomustine in a dog with histiocytic sarcoma on the cardiac base","volume":"61","author":"Ogiwara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ogiwara\n N,\n \n \n Asano\n K,\n \n \n Seki\n M,\n \n \n \n Efficacy of lomustine in a dog with histiocytic sarcoma on the cardiac base. J Jpn Vet Med Assoc2008;61:795\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b19","series-title":"Vet Comp Oncol","first-page":"577","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the onset of lomustine-induced neutropenia in tumour-bearing dogs","volume":"20","author":"Treggiari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Treggiari\n E,\n \n \n Cossu\n G,\n \n \n Valenti\n P,\n \n \n \n Risk factors associated with the onset of lomustine-induced neutropenia in tumour-bearing dogs. Vet Comp Oncol2022;20:577\u201386."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-1-15-b20","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"75","article-title":"Hepatotoxicity associated with CCNU (lomustine) chemotherapy in dogs","volume":"18","author":"Kristal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kristal\n O,\n \n \n Rassnick\n KM,\n \n \n Gliatto\n JM,\n \n \n \n Hepatotoxicity associated with CCNU (lomustine) chemotherapy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med2004;18:75\u201380."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/61\/1\/15\/3474027\/i1547-3317-61-1-15.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/1\/article-p15.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:05:50Z","timestamp":1763741150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/1\/article-p15.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7458","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1547-3317"},{"type":"print","value":"0587-2871"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}}}