{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:01:19Z","timestamp":1770786079175,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to determine if the time to any antimicrobial administration, as well as time to appropriate antimicrobial administration, impacted hospitalization time of dogs diagnosed with sepsis. Records from 175 dogs diagnosed with sepsis were included in this single-center retrospective study. Results found a significant, positive correlation between hospitalization time and time to appropriate antimicrobial administration (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .004). A significant relationship was also found between survival rate and acute patient physiological and laboratory evaluation fast (APPLE\n                    <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) score (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .03), survival rate and source control (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .05), and source control and time to appropriate antimicrobial administration (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). No significant relationship was found between hospitalization time and time to any antimicrobial administration (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .11), time to any antimicrobial administration and source control (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .77), time to any (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .11) or appropriate (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .37) antimicrobial administration and survival rate, or APPLE\n                    <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n                    score (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .07). These findings suggest the importance of appropriate antimicrobial choice upon recognition of sepsis in veterinary patients to decrease length of hospitalization. Additional research is required to further investigate the effect of time to antimicrobial administration on the survival rates of dogs with sepsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:29:51Z","timestamp":1762342191000},"page":"167-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effect of Time of Antimicrobial Administration on the Outcome of Septic Dogs"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Kidd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.K., V.P.-R., J.W.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Colee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFAS Statistical Consulting, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (J.C.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Perez-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.K., V.P.-R., J.W.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (A.K., V.P.-R., J.W.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b1","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine.","author":"Silverstein","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b2","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"97","article-title":"Defining sepsis in small animals","volume":"34","author":"Cortellini","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b3","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"518","article-title":"A retrospective study of surgically treated cases of septic peritonitis in the cat (2000-2007)","volume":"50","author":"Parsons","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"674","article-title":"Hemostatic changes in dogs with naturally occurring sepsis","volume":"17","author":"De Laforcade","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b5","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"393","article-title":"Evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic criteria for sepsis in dogs","volume":"26","author":"Hauptman","year":"1997"},{"issue":"11","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b6","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"1974","article-title":"Executive Summary: Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021","volume":"49","author":"Evans","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b7","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department","volume":"38","author":"Gaieski","year":"2010"},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b8","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"856","article-title":"The timing of early antibiotics and hospital mortality in sepsis","volume":"196","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b9","series-title":"Crit Care Med","first-page":"1589","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2006"},{"issue":"23","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b10","series-title":"N 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use","volume":"73","author":"Spiegel","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b14","series-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)","first-page":"473","article-title":"Challenging the dogma of aggressive initiation of antibiotics in sepsis","volume":"22","author":"Guidry","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b15","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"55","article-title":"The role of antimicrobials in the treatment of sepsis and critical illness-related bacterial infections: examination of the evidence","volume":"25","author":"Keir","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b16","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"152","article-title":"Impact of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy on outcome of dogs with septic peritonitis","volume":"25","author":"Dickinson","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-61-6-167-b17","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care","first-page":"360","article-title":"Clinical features and 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