{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1792124006825,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) present to a referral dermatology practice with clinical signs that vary from the traditional HAC signs. This retrospective case series evaluates the presenting complaints, history findings, and physical examination findings in dogs diagnosed with HAC presenting to a referral dermatology practice. Medical records of 30 dogs diagnosed with HAC and evaluated at a private dermatology referral practice were retrospectively reviewed. A history of pruritus was the most prevalent history finding in 26\/30 dogs (87%). On physical examination, a superficial bacterial pyoderma was diagnosed in 22\/30 dogs (73%) with a supportive cytology followed by alopecia in 16\/30 dogs (53%). Alkaline phosphatase was only elevated in 20\/30 cases (67%). These results indicate that pruritus was the most commonly documented historic finding and pyoderma was the prevailing physical examination finding. Uncommonly reported findings included otitis externa and pododermatitis for patients with HAC presenting to a referral dermatology practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T13:47:11Z","timestamp":1756388831000},"page":"146-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Case Series of Patients with Hyperadrenocorticism Presenting to a Referral Dermatology Practice"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"AnnMarie","family":"Bloomer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Animal Dermatology Clinic, Marietta, Georgia (A.B., J.G.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Diesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic, Austin, Texas (A.D.); and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig E.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada (C.E.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Griffies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Animal Dermatology Clinic, Marietta, Georgia (A.B., J.G.);"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b1","series-title":"Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction.","first-page":"377","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldman\n              EC,\n            \n            \n              Nelson\n              RW.\n            \n          \n          Hyperadrenocorticism. In: FeldmanEC,NelsonRW, eds. Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction.4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2015:377\u2013451."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b2","series-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine.","author":"Feldman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feldman\n              EC.\n            \n          \n          Hyperadrenocorticism. In: EttingerSJ,FeldmanEC, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine.8th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2017."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b3","series-title":"Muller and Kirk\u2019s Small Animal Dermatology.","first-page":"514","author":"Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott\n              DW,\n            \n            \n              Miller\n              WH,\n            \n            \n              Griffin\n              CE.\n            \n          \n          Endocrine and metabolic diseases. In: ScottDW,MillerWH,GriffinCE, eds. Muller and Kirk\u2019s Small Animal Dermatology.7th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2013:514\u201325."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b4","series-title":"Vet Med","first-page":"117","article-title":"Identifying and managing the cutaneous manifestations of various endocrine diseases","volume":"86","author":"Campbell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Campbell\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              Small\n              E.\n            \n          \n          Identifying and managing the cutaneous manifestations of various endocrine diseases. Vet Med1991;86:117\u201335."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b5","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"287","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disease in dogs","volume":"20","author":"Rosychuk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosychuk\n              RA.\n            \n          \n          Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disease in dogs. 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Am J Vet Res1990;51:1280\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b11","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"193","article-title":"Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors","volume":"35","author":"Hoerauf","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoerauf\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Reusch\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Ultrasonographic characteristics of both adrenal glands in 15 dogs with functional adrenocortical tumors. 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J Am Vet Med Assoc.2002;220:1643\u20139."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b13","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"419","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism in 10 dogs with skin lesions as the only presenting clinical signs","volume":"47","author":"Zur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zur\n              G,\n            \n            \n              White\n              SD.\n            \n          \n          Hyperadrenocorticism in 10 dogs with skin lesions as the only presenting clinical signs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc2011;47:419\u201327."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b14","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"29","article-title":"Clinical and clinicopathological features in dogs with uncomplicated spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism diagnosed in primary care practice (2013\u20132014)","volume":"55","author":"Bennaim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bennaim\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Centola\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Ramsey\n              I,\n            \n            \n          \n          Clinical and clinicopathological features in dogs with uncomplicated spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism diagnosed in primary care practice (2013\u20132014). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc.2019;55(1):29\u201336."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b15","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1101","article-title":"Endocrine, metabolic, internal, and neoplastic causes of pruritus in the dog and cat","volume":"18","author":"Rosychuk","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rosychuk\n              RA.\n            \n          \n          Endocrine, metabolic, internal, and neoplastic causes of pruritus in the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract1988;18(5):1101\u201310."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b16","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet","first-page":"446","article-title":"Cutaneous markers of canine hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"11","author":"White","year":"1989","unstructured":"White\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Ceragioli\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              Stewart\n              LJ,\n            \n            \n          \n          Cutaneous markers of canine hyperadrenocorticism. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet1989;11:446\u201365."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b17","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"78","article-title":"Validation of CADESI-03, a severity scale for clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"18","author":"Olivry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olivry\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Marsella\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Iwasaki\n              T,\n            \n            \n          \n          Validation of CADESI-03, a severity scale for clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol2007;18:78\u201386."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b18","series-title":"Muller and Kirk\u2019s Small Animal Dermatology.","first-page":"184","author":"Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott\n              DW,\n            \n            \n              Miller\n              WH,\n            \n            \n              Griffin\n              CE.\n            \n          \n          Bacterial and skin diseases. In: ScottDW,MillerWH,GriffinCE, eds. Muller and Kirk\u2019s Small Animal Dermatology.7th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2013:184\u2013217."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b19","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Canine hyperadrenocorticism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 117 cases","volume":"174","author":"Ling","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ling\n              GV,\n            \n            \n              Stabenfeldt\n              GH,\n            \n            \n              Comer\n              KM,\n            \n            \n          \n          Canine hyperadrenocorticism: pretreatment clinical and laboratory evaluation of 117 cases, J Am Vet Med Assoc1979;174:1211\u20135."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b20","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"731","article-title":"Hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"14","author":"Peterson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Peterson\n              ME.\n            \n          \n          Hyperadrenocorticism. 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Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd; 2005:373\u201380."},{"key":"i1547-3317-61-5-146-b24","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"12","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the diagnosis of canine hypercorticism","volume":"125","author":"Teske","year":"1989","unstructured":"Teske\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Rothuizen\n              J,\n            \n            \n              de Bruijne\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n          \n          Corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the diagnosis of canine hypercorticism. Vet Rec1989;125:12\u20134."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/5\/article-p146.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/61\/5\/146\/3538631\/i1547-3317-61-5-146.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/5\/article-p146.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/61\/5\/article-p146.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:06:39Z","timestamp":1763741199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/61\/5\/article-p146.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}}}