{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:09:21Z","timestamp":1772240961458,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This report describes the surgical correction of a pes varus deformity in a 13 mo old miniature dachshund using free-form bilateral multiplanar external skeletal fixation (ESF). The dog exhibited lameness in the right pelvic limb, with a varus deformity of the distal tibia and grade 2 lateral patellar luxation. Radiographic and computed tomography imaging confirmed the presence of varus in the distal diaphyseal portion of the right tibia, without procurvatum or internal torsion. Medial opening wedge osteotomy and free-form bilateral multiplanar ESF successfully corrected the deformity. Dynamization was performed by removing the lateral column 3 mo after surgery, followed by the removal of all transfixation pins and the medial column under sedation 4 mo after surgery. The dog remained free of clinical signs at the last follow-up 24 mo after surgery, although residual pin tract holes were evident on radiographs. Free-form bilateral multiplanar ESF is an alternative rigid fixation method for pes varus correction, allowing technically simple relative to plate fixation, three-dimensional precise adjustments, and staged dynamization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:27:12Z","timestamp":1772076432000},"page":"54-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Free-Form Bilateral Multiplanar External Skeletal Fixation for Pes Varus Correction in a Miniature Dachshund"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Shuya","family":"Kihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Aikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Muyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Surgery, Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"373","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy for pes varus in the dachshund","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Johnson SG, Hulse DA, Vangundy TE,  Corrective osteotomy for pes varus in the dachshund. Vet Surg 1989;18(5):373\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"71","article-title":"Pes varus correction in dachshunds using a hybrid external fixator","volume":"37","author":"Radasch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Radasch RM, Lewis DF, McDonald DE,  Pes varus correction in dachshunds using a hybrid external fixator. Vet Surg 2008;37(1):71\u201381."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b3","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Treatment of pes varus using locking plate fixation in seven dachshund dogs","volume":"25","author":"Petazzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petazzoni M, Nicetto T, Vezzoni A,  Treatment of pes varus using locking plate fixation in seven dachshund dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012;25(3):231\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b4","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"135","article-title":"Pes varus correction in dachshunds with mini hybrid external skeletal fixators","volume":"100","author":"Chau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chau L, Wilson L. Pes varus correction in dachshunds with mini hybrid external skeletal fixators. Aust Vet J 2022;100(4):135\u201345."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"894","article-title":"Surgical correction of pes varus deformity in dachshunds using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific guide system: nine tibiae in seven cases (2018\u20132022)","volume":"65","author":"Bright","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bright S, Schofield I, Oxley B. Surgical correction of pes varus deformity in dachshunds using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific guide system: nine tibiae in seven cases (2018\u20132022). J Small Anim Pract 2024;65(12):894\u2013905."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"624","article-title":"Correction of pes varus deformity in a Miniature dachshund by true spherical osteotomy with a dome saw blade","volume":"257","author":"Sellier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sellier C, Dosal MM, Guthrie JW,  Correction of pes varus deformity in a Miniature dachshund by true spherical osteotomy with a dome saw blade. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020;257(6):624\u201330."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"938","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature- and toy-breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free-form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation","volume":"48","author":"Aikawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aikawa T, Miyazaki Y, Saitoh Y,  Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature- and toy-breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free-form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation. Vet Surg 2019;48(6):938\u201346."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"699","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia","volume":"36","author":"Dismukes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dismukes DI, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB,  Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia. Vet Surg 2007;36(7):699\u2013704."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"300","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of canine tibial angles in the sagittal plane","volume":"37","author":"Dismukes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dismukes DI, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB,  Radiographic measurement of canine tibial angles in the sagittal plane. Vet Surg 2008;37(3):300\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b10","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Establishment of normal mechanical tibial joint angles in dachshunds","volume":"34","author":"Banks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banks C, Meeson R, Kulendra E,  Establishment of normal mechanical tibial joint angles in dachshunds. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021;34(4):234\u201340."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b11","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire bull terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation","volume":"30","author":"Newman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newman M, Voss K. Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire bull terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017;30(3):191\u20139."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"903","article-title":"Durations of bone consolidation and external fixation after distraction osteogenesis in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Tuohy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuohy JL, Marcellin-Little DJ, Griffith EH. Durations of bone consolidation and external fixation after distraction osteogenesis in dogs. Vet Surg 2014;43(8):903\u201311."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"373","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy for pes varus in the dachshund","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Johnson SG, Hulse DA, Vangundy TE,  Corrective osteotomy for pes varus in the dachshund. Vet Surg 1989;18(5):373\u20139."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"71","article-title":"Pes varus correction in dachshunds using a hybrid external fixator","volume":"37","author":"Radasch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Radasch RM, Lewis DF, McDonald DE,  Pes varus correction in dachshunds using a hybrid external fixator. Vet Surg 2008;37(1):71\u201381."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b3","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Treatment of pes varus using locking plate fixation in seven dachshund dogs","volume":"25","author":"Petazzoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Petazzoni M, Nicetto T, Vezzoni A,  Treatment of pes varus using locking plate fixation in seven dachshund dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012;25(3):231\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b4","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"135","article-title":"Pes varus correction in dachshunds with mini hybrid external skeletal fixators","volume":"100","author":"Chau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chau L, Wilson L. Pes varus correction in dachshunds with mini hybrid external skeletal fixators. Aust Vet J 2022;100(4):135\u201345."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"894","article-title":"Surgical correction of pes varus deformity in dachshunds using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific guide system: nine tibiae in seven cases (2018\u20132022)","volume":"65","author":"Bright","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bright S, Schofield I, Oxley B. Surgical correction of pes varus deformity in dachshunds using three-dimensional-printed patient-specific guide system: nine tibiae in seven cases (2018\u20132022). J Small Anim Pract 2024;65(12):894\u2013905."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"624","article-title":"Correction of pes varus deformity in a Miniature dachshund by true spherical osteotomy with a dome saw blade","volume":"257","author":"Sellier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sellier C, Dosal MM, Guthrie JW,  Correction of pes varus deformity in a Miniature dachshund by true spherical osteotomy with a dome saw blade. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020;257(6):624\u201330."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b7","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"938","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature- and toy-breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free-form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation","volume":"48","author":"Aikawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aikawa T, Miyazaki Y, Saitoh Y,  Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature- and toy-breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free-form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation. Vet Surg 2019;48(6):938\u201346."},{"issue":"7","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"699","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia","volume":"36","author":"Dismukes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dismukes DI, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB,  Radiographic measurement of the proximal and distal mechanical joint angles in the canine tibia. Vet Surg 2007;36(7):699\u2013704."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b9","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"300","article-title":"Radiographic measurement of canine tibial angles in the sagittal plane","volume":"37","author":"Dismukes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dismukes DI, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB,  Radiographic measurement of canine tibial angles in the sagittal plane. Vet Surg 2008;37(3):300\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b10","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Establishment of normal mechanical tibial joint angles in dachshunds","volume":"34","author":"Banks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banks C, Meeson R, Kulendra E,  Establishment of normal mechanical tibial joint angles in dachshunds. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021;34(4):234\u201340."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b11","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire bull terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation","volume":"30","author":"Newman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Newman M, Voss K. Computed tomographic evaluation of femoral and tibial conformation in English Staffordshire bull terriers with and without congenital medial patellar luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017;30(3):191\u20139."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-62-2-54-b12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"903","article-title":"Durations of bone consolidation and external fixation after distraction osteogenesis in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Tuohy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuohy JL, Marcellin-Little DJ, Griffith EH. Durations of bone consolidation and external fixation after distraction osteogenesis in dogs. Vet Surg 2014;43(8):903\u201311."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/62\/2\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/62\/2\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/62\/2\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:30:53Z","timestamp":1772238653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/62\/2\/article-p54.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaaha-ms-7506","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}}}