{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:39:14Z","timestamp":1783762754891,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Animal Hospital Association","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG) is a slow-acting disease-modifying agent used to treat degenerative joint disease. Although labeled for intramuscular use, it is commonly given by owners via a subcutaneous (SC) route. There is little information on adverse events related to SC administration or what other therapies are used concurrently with PSGAG. We hypothesized that SC PSGAG is perceived by owners as having minimal adverse events and that it would most often be given with other therapies. Owners (n = 378) were surveyed about their perceptions regarding SC PSGAG prescribed to dogs at one veterinary rehabilitation clinic. Complete surveys were provided for 69 dogs (two owners had multiple dogs). Overall, 13\/69 (18.8%) dogs had an adverse event reported during the use of PSGAG. Most events were considered minor (stomach upset, loose stool, pain at injection site, fear) and did not lead to discontinuation of PSGAG. One dog experienced a moderate adverse event (persistent gastrointestinal symptoms) and one a severe adverse event (thrombocytopenia, bruising), which resolved after discontinuing PSGAG. PSGAG is most commonly administered along with other medications and rehabilitation therapies. The present study demonstrates that SC administration of PSGAG is well tolerated in most of the dogs, with primarily mild, self-resolving adverse events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5326\/jaahams-7101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T15:50:19Z","timestamp":1631116219000},"page":"205-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Owner Perceptions of Long-Term Systemic Use of Subcutaneous Administration of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan"],"prefix":"10.5326","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Varcoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3280","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b1","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"407","article-title":"Effect of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on DNA content and proteoglycan metabolism in normal and osteoarthritic canine articular cartilage explants","volume":"29","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sevalla\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Todhunter\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Vernier Singer\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEffect of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on DNA content and proteoglycan metabolism in normal and osteoarthritic canine articular cartilage explants.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Surg2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t29(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t407\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t14."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"499","article-title":"Effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronan on prostaglandin E2 production by cultured equine synoviocytes","volume":"61","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frean\n              SP\n            \n            \n              Lees\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan and hyaluronan on prostaglandin E2 production by cultured equine synoviocytes.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t61(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t499\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t505."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b3","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"5641","article-title":"Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care","volume":"8","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson\n              KL,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Neill\n              DG,\n            \n            \n              Brodbelt\n              DC,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tPrevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care.\n\t\t\t\t\tSci Rep2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t8(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t5641."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b4","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"163","article-title":"Health-related welfare prioritisation of canine disorders using electronic health records in primary care practice in the UK","volume":"15","year":"2019","unstructured":"Summers\n              JF,\n            \n            \n              O\u2019Neill\n              DG,\n            \n            \n              Church\n              D,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHealth-related welfare prioritisation of canine disorders using electronic health records in primary care practice in the UK.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Vet Res2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t15(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t163."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b5","series-title":"Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere","first-page":"337","article-title":"Update of multimodal therapy in canine osteoarthritis","volume":"46","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diehm\n              M\n            \n            \n              T\u00fcnsmeyer\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Update of multimodal therapy in canine osteoarthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tTierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t46(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t45[in German]."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b6","series-title":"J Med Life","first-page":"37","article-title":"Osteoarthritis pathogenesis \u2013 a complex process that involves the entire joint","volume":"7","year":"2014","unstructured":"Man\n              GS\n            \n            \n              Mologhianu\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Osteoarthritis pathogenesis \u2013 a complex process that involves the entire joint.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Med Life2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t7(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t37\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t41."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b7","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Multimodal pain management in veterinary medicine: the physiologic basis of pharmacologic therapies","volume":"38","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lamont\n              LA.\n            \n          \n          Multimodal pain management in veterinary medicine: the physiologic basis of pharmacologic therapies.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t38(\n\t\t\t\t\t6):\n\t\t\t\t\t1173\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t86."},{"issue":"8","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"827","article-title":"Effects of treatment with polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-reactive protein concentrations, serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"68","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fujiki\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Shineha\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Yamanokuchi\n              K,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEffects of treatment with polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-reactive protein concentrations, serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t68(\n\t\t\t\t\t8):\n\t\t\t\t\t827\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t33."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b9","series-title":"Pharm Res Comm","first-page":"709","article-title":"Effects of glycosaminoglycan-polysulfate and two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin E2 synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures","volume":"15","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dietmar\n              EGG.\n            \n          \n          Effects of glycosaminoglycan-polysulfate and two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin E2 synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures.\n\t\t\t\t\tPharm Res Comm1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t709\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t17."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b10","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"47","article-title":"Systemic administration of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (arteparon) provides partial protection of articular cartilage from damage produced by meniscectomy in the canine","volume":"5","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hannan\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Ghosh\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Bellenger\n              C,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tSystemic administration of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (arteparon) provides partial protection of articular cartilage from damage produced by meniscectomy in the canine.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthop Res1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t5(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t47\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t59."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b11","series-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg","first-page":"193","article-title":"Subcutaneous vs intramuscular botulinum toxin: split-face randomized study","volume":"16","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gordin\n              EA,\n            \n            \n              Luginbuhl\n              AL,\n            \n            \n              Ortlip\n              T,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tSubcutaneous vs intramuscular botulinum toxin: split-face randomized study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJAMA Facial Plast Surg2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t16(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t193\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b12","series-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence","first-page":"923","article-title":"The optimal choice of medication administration route regarding intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection","volume":"9","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin\n              J-F,\n            \n            \n              Zhu\n              L-L,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe optimal choice of medication administration route regarding intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection.\n\t\t\t\t\tPatient Prefer Adherence2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t923\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t42."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b13","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Evaluation of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs","volume":"23","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Haan\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Goring\n              RL,\n            \n            \n              Beale\n              BS.\n            \n          \n          Evaluation of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan for the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Surg1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t23(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t177\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t81."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b14","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"57","article-title":"Efficacy of xylazine in neonatal calves via different routes of administration","volume":"247","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ede\n              T,\n            \n            \n              von Keyserlingk\n              MAG,\n            \n            \n              Weary\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          Efficacy of xylazine in neonatal calves via different routes of administration.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet J2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t247:\n\t\t\t\t\t57\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b15","article-title":"Fluorescein-labeled polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in a feline acute traumatic knee model","unstructured":"Heidrich\n              JE,\n            \n            \n              Fox\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Royer\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Fluorescein-labeled polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in a feline acute traumatic knee model.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society;\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 8\u201315, 2008;\n\t\t\t\t\tBig Sky, MT."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b16","series-title":"ILAR J","first-page":"62","article-title":"Recognizing pain and distress in laboratory animals","volume":"41","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carstens\n              E\n            \n            \n              Mober\n              GP.\n            \n          \n          Recognizing pain and distress in laboratory animals.\n\t\t\t\t\tILAR J2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t62\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t71."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b17","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"22","article-title":"Minimizing stress for patients in the veterinary hospital: why it is important and what can be done about it","volume":"4","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lloyd\n              JKF.\n            \n          \n          Minimizing stress for patients in the veterinary hospital: why it is important and what can be done about it.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Sci2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t4(\n\t\t\t\t\t2):\n\t\t\t\t\t22."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b18","article-title":"Prescribing Information. American Regent Animal Health","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adequan Canine.\n          \n          Prescribing Information. American Regent Animal Health;\n\t\t\t\t\t2021.\n\t\t\t\t\tAccessed January 1, 2021. https:\/\/www.adequancanine.com\/Prescribing-Information."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b19","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"421","article-title":"Endoscopy of the gastroduodenal mucosa after carprofen, meloxicam and ketoprofen administration in dogs","volume":"39","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forsyth\n              SF,\n            \n            \n              Guilford\n              WG,\n            \n            \n              Haslett\n              SJ,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEndoscopy of the gastroduodenal mucosa after carprofen, meloxicam and ketoprofen administration in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Small Anim Pract1998;\n\t\t\t\t\t39(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t421\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t4."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b20","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"259","article-title":"Editorial: NSAID-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects in dogs\u2014can we avoid them?","volume":"17","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neiger\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Editorial: NSAID-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects in dogs\u2014can we avoid them?\n          \n            J Vet Intern Med\n          \n          2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t259\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"issue":"01","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b21","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"77","article-title":"The effects of polysulfated glycosamnioglycan (Adequan) on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis in cats","volume":"07","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Haan\n              JJ,\n            \n            \n              Beale\n              BS,\n            \n            \n              Clemmons\n              RM,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tThe effects of polysulfated glycosamnioglycan (Adequan) on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis in cats.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Comp Orthop Traumatol1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t07(\n\t\t\t\t\t01):\n\t\t\t\t\t77\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t81."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b22","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","first-page":"93","article-title":"Hemorrhagic diathesis in avian species following intramuscular administration of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan","volume":"44","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Garner\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Reed\n              HH,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tHemorrhagic diathesis in avian species following intramuscular administration of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Zoo Wildl Med2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t44(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t93\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b23","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"309","article-title":"Assessment of the efficacy of firocoxib (Previcox\u00ae) and grapiprant (Galliprant\u00ae) in an induced model of acute arthritis in dogs","volume":"15","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Salazar Alcal\u00e1\n              AG,\n            \n            \n              Gioda\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Dehman\n              A,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tAssessment of the efficacy of firocoxib (Previcox\u00ae) and grapiprant (Galliprant\u00ae) in an induced model of acute arthritis in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tBMC Vet Res2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t309."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b24","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"74","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of firocoxib, carprofen and vedaprofen in a sodium urate crystal induced synovitis model of arthritis in dogs","volume":"84","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hazewinkel\n              HA,\n            \n            \n              van den Brom\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Theyse\n              LF,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tComparison of the effects of firocoxib, carprofen and vedaprofen in a sodium urate crystal induced synovitis model of arthritis in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tRes Vet Sci2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t84(\n\t\t\t\t\t1):\n\t\t\t\t\t74\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t9."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b25","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"360","article-title":"Characterization of osteoarthritis in cats and meloxicam efficacy using objective chronic pain evaluation tools","volume":"196","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guillot\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Moreau\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Heit\n              M,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tCharacterization of osteoarthritis in cats and meloxicam efficacy using objective chronic pain evaluation tools.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet J2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t196(\n\t\t\t\t\t3):\n\t\t\t\t\t360\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"664","article-title":"Evaluation of oral administration of firocoxib for the management of musculoskeletal pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis in horses","volume":"73","year":"2012","unstructured":"Orsini\n              JA,\n            \n            \n              Ryan\n              WG,\n            \n            \n              Carithers\n              DS,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tEvaluation of oral administration of firocoxib for the management of musculoskeletal pain and lameness associated with osteoarthritis in horses.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t73(\n\t\t\t\t\t5):\n\t\t\t\t\t664\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t71."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b27","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Rehabilitation of dogs with surgically treated cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles by use of electrical stimulation of muscles","volume":"58","year":"1997","unstructured":"Johnson\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Johnson\n              AL,\n            \n            \n              Pijanowski\n              GJ,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tRehabilitation of dogs with surgically treated cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles by use of electrical stimulation of muscles.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Vet Res1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t58(\n\t\t\t\t\t12):\n\t\t\t\t\t1473\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t8."},{"issue":"9","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b28","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"959","article-title":"A randomized blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis","volume":"59","year":"2018","unstructured":"Looney\n              AL,\n            \n            \n              Huntingford\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Blaeser\n              LL,\n            \n          \n          .\n\t\t\t\t\tA randomized blind placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis.\n\t\t\t\t\tCan Vet J2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t59(\n\t\t\t\t\t9):\n\t\t\t\t\t959\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t66."},{"issue":"16","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b29","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"545","article-title":"Effect of passive stretching on the range of motion of osteoarthritic joints in 10 labrador retrievers","volume":"160","year":"2007","unstructured":"Crook\n              T,\n            \n            \n              McGowan\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Pead\n              M.\n            \n          \n          Effect of passive stretching on the range of motion of osteoarthritic joints in 10 labrador retrievers.\n\t\t\t\t\tVet Rec2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t160(\n\t\t\t\t\t16):\n\t\t\t\t\t545\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t7."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1547-3317-57-5-205-b30","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"514","article-title":"Systematic review of clinical trials of treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs","volume":"230","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aragon\n              CL,\n            \n            \n              Hofmeister\n              EH,\n            \n            \n              Budsberg\n              SC.\n            \n          \n          Systematic review of clinical trials of treatments for osteoarthritis in dogs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Vet Med Assoc2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t230(\n\t\t\t\t\t4):\n\t\t\t\t\t514\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t21."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/57\/5\/article-p205.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jaaha\/article-pdf\/57\/5\/205\/2899444\/i1547-3317-57-5-205.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/57\/5\/article-p205.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/aaha\/57\/5\/article-p205.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T16:04:39Z","timestamp":1763741079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jaaha.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/aaha\/57\/5\/article-p205.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5326\/jaahams-7101","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-3317","0587-2871"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-3317","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0587-2871","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}}}