{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T09:11:59Z","timestamp":1788772319082,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["89"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Periodontitis and tuberculosis (TB) are common chronic infections disproportionately affecting disadvantaged groups. They share behavioural, environmental, and immunological risk factors. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship, with TB patients often exhibiting poorer periodontal health and periodontal inflammation potentially exacerbating systemic TB.Objective: To comprehensively map and evaluate the existing evidence regarding the association between periodontal disease and TB outcomes, and to explore the potential influence of periodontal status on TB progression, treatment response, and overall disease outcomes through a scoping review.Methods: This scoping review examined human studies assessing periodontal status in TB patients, including observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, complemented by reference screening. Two independent reviewers applied inclusion criteria, extracted data, and narratively synthesised the findings due to methodological diversity.Results: Out of 1,129 records screened, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of observational studies demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in TB patients relative to controls, characterised by increased probing pocket depths and elevated bleeding on probing. Complementary evidence from recent reviews and microbiome analyses highlights shared inflammatory mediators, immune dysregulation, and alterations in oral microbial communities as potential mechanistic pathways underpinning the association between TB and periodontal tissue destruction.Conclusion: Current evidence supports a consistent but preliminary association between TB and deteriorated periodontal health, indicating complex bidirectional interactions rather than confirmed causality. Routine periodontal screening and oral health counselling integrated into TB management, along with heightened clinical vigilance for TB in unusual periodontal cases, may improve care. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to clarify these relationships.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.5343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T08:52:32Z","timestamp":1788771152000},"page":"89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Periodontal Disease Influence Tuberculosis Outcomes? Insights from a Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Prerna","family":"Hirkane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh Pratap","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Offenbacher S. Periodontal diseases: Pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol. 1996;1(1):821\u2013878. doi:10.1902\/annals.1996.1.1.821.","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1996.1.1.821"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trindade D, Carvalho R, Machado V, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: A systematic review and meta\u2011analysis of epidemiological studies. J Clin Periodontol. 2023;50(5):604\u2013626. doi:10.1111\/jcpe.13769.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13769"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arigbede AO, Babatope BO, Bamidele MK. Periodontitis and systemic diseases: A literature review. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16(4):487\u2013491. doi:10.4103\/0972-124X.106878.","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.106878"},{"key":"4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola outbreak requires urgent scale\u2011up of response. Accessed December 2, 2025. 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Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2024;24(4):12\u201319. doi:10.2174\/0118715265275319231124053615.","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715265275319231124053615"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panjabi C, Jani HT, Manickavelan HV, et al. Periodontitis and respiratory infections \u2013 exploring the oral\u2013systemic link. Ann Med Surg. 2026;88(3):2312\u20132324. doi:10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004374.","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000004374"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma A, Garg H, Khattri S, Sharma S. Periodontal status of tuberculosis patients \u2011 Is there a two\u2011way link? Indian J Tuberc. 2016;63(4):225\u2013229. doi:10.1016\/j.ijtb.2016.09.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2016.09.015"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahzad Z, Ahmad F, Danish SH, Butt S. Periodontal status of tuberculosis patients: Inter linked with each other. Pak J. 2023;17(6):141\u2013144. doi:10.53350\/pjmhs2023176141.","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs2023176141"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar C, Dhadse PV, Agarwal AA, Kale BV, Singh BS. Oral and periodontal status in patients with tuberculosis in Vidarbha region of Central India. J Int Clin Dent Res Organ. 2018;10:81\u201385. doi:10.4103\/jicdro.jicdro_3_18.","DOI":"10.4103\/jicdro.jicdro_3_18"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"Palakuru SK, Lakshman VK, Bhat KG. Microbiological analysis of oral samples for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by nested polymerase chain reaction in tuberculosis patients with periodontitis. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(6):688\u2013693."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rastogi T, Chowdhary Z, Krishna MK, Mehrotra S, Mohan R. Prevalence of periodontitis in patients with pulmonary disease: A cross\u2011sectional survey in the industrial district of India. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2019;23(3):269\u2013274. doi:10.4103\/jisp.jisp_435_18.","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_435_18"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MohanaSundaram A, Gohil NV, Etekochay MO, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A new hitchhiker in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. Int J Surg. 2024;110(6):3606\u20133616. doi:10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001122. Published June 1, 2024.","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001122"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noor A, Boyapati R, Veseli E. The potential association between tuberculosis and periodontitis: Implications for public health. Liaquat Natl J Prim Care. 2025;7 :1\u20135. doi:10.37184\/lnjpc.2707-3521.7.29.","DOI":"10.37184\/lnjpc.2707-3521.7.29"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ojha A, Shrestha A, Bhagat T, Bhatta N, Uprety A, Agrawal SK. Periodontal status of the patients presenting with pulmonary disease in a tertiary health care facility in eastern Nepal. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):495. doi:10.1186\/s12903-025-05881-y. Published April 7, 2025.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05881-y"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheereen S, Manva MZ, Sheereen S, Patil NN. Exploring the oral manifestations of tuberculosis: A comprehensive analysis of prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of oral lesions. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2024;13(1):53\u201357. doi:10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_224_23.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmy.ijmy_224_23"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wen S, Liu J, et al. Advances in the relationship between periodontopathogens and respiratory diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep. 2024;29(3):42. doi:10.3892\/mmr.2024.13166.","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13166"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu S, Wang S, Zhang N, Li P. The oral microbiome and oral and upper gastrointestinal diseases. J Oral Microbiol. 2024;16(1):2355823. doi:10.1080\/20002297.2024.2355823. 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