{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:27:44Z","timestamp":1785425264819,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["gh"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) carries a high in-hospital mortality, with limited data on sex-related disparities in Latin America. Women remain underrepresented in CS studies.\nObjectives: To evaluate sex-specific differences in characteristics, management, and mortality in acute myocardial infarction\u2013related (AMI-CS) and non-AMI-CS in a large Latin-American cohort.\nMethods: We retrospectively analyzed 9430 patients (5016 AMI-CS and 4414 non-AMI-CS) with SCAI-CSWG stages B\u2013E in a reference center in Mexico City from 2005 to 2023. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Analyses included multivariable Cox models and propensity score matching (PSM).\nResults: Women with AMI-CS were older (67 vs. 60 years), had more hypertension (66% vs. 52%) and diabetes (53% vs. 38%), and received less primary reperfusion (62% vs. 71%) and mechanical circulatory support (11.6% vs. 14.7%) than men (all P &lt; 0.05). In non-AMI-CS, women were older (66 vs. 60 years), had more prior heart failure (33% vs. 24%), while men had more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and prior MI (all P &lt; 0.05). Unadjusted mortality was higher in women in AMI-CS (24.6% vs. 16.3%, HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28\u20131.72) and non-AMI-CS (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05\u20131.32). After PSM, mortality differences were not significant in AMI-CS (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.48) or non-AMI-CS (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92\u20131.24).\nConclusions: Women with CS in Latin America present with greater comorbidity and less aggressive\/invasive management. While unadjusted mortality was higher in women, these differences were no longer significant after PSM, indicating that baseline factors and treatment disparities largely explain excess risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T09:52:01Z","timestamp":1757411521000},"page":"78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex Disparities in Cardiogenic Shock: Risk Factors, Treatment Intensity, and Mortality in a Single Latin American Country"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Arias-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0593-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amada","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Sangabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3185-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Araiza-Garaygordobil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3245-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4865-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Gopar-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Del Carmen L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0308-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Sierra-Lara-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Mendoza-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1046-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Braiana \u00c1ngeles","family":"D\u00edaz-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1690-0496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Nila","family":"Papaqui-Quitl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Montfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6019-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Ortega-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20250909095641_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.049","article-title":"Criteria for defining stages of cardiogenic shock severity","volume":"80","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of 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