{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T22:36:25Z","timestamp":1776292585359,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["gh"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart transplantation (HT) remains the definitive treatment for advanced heart failure that is refractory to both medical and invasive therapies. Although global registries offer extensive data on survival outcomes, there is a relative paucity of information regarding HT outcomes in Latin America (LATAM), particularly in Colombia.\nMethods: This study analyzed adult patients who underwent HT between 1995 and 2024, using data obtained from an institutional HT registry (RETRAC) in Cali, Colombia. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models.\nResults: We included 260 patients who underwent HT in this 29-year cohort from a LATAM country. The median age at transplantation was 51 years, and 77.7% were male. The primary etiologies were idiopathic\/dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) (41.3%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) (27.0%), and valvular heart disease (VHC) (9.7%). The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (HTN) (48.3%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (18.9%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (13.1%). The overall median survival following HT was 7.4 years. One-year survival was 74.6% (n = 194), five-year survival was 56.9% (n = 147), and ten-year survival was 46.9% (n = 122). Survival differed significantly by age and sex, with patients aged &lt;40 years demonstrating the highest median survival (8.4 years) and those aged \u226560 years the lowest (2.2 years) (p = 0.038). The 40- to 49-year age group exhibited the most pronounced reduction in survival; however, this effect was attenuated after adjustment. Among patients under 40 years, females had significantly higher mortality compared to males (p = 0.0078), with younger males exhibiting better survival. Additionally, patients transplanted between 2016 and 2020 had higher survival rates. CKD was identified as a significant independent risk factor for increased mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.15\u20132.79; p = 0.01).\nConclusions: HT patients in Colombia exhibit demographic and clinical profiles comparable to global cohorts; however, they demonstrate lower survival rates and poorer clinical outcomes compared to international registries, such as the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry. Nonetheless, clinical outcomes are more favorable than those reported in other studies from the LATAM region. CKD emerged as a significant independent predictor of mortality. These findings highlight the need for region-specific strategies aimed at improving HT outcomes in LATAM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:32:36Z","timestamp":1770114756000},"page":"7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Survival in Adult Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation 1995\u20132024: A Report of the RETRAC Registry"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4213-6825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan David","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ponce-de-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1278-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Andr\u00e9s","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9140-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Toro-Pedroza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3601-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Arango-Ibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8219-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Azcarate-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3875-082X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Camila","family":"Naranjo-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoover","family":"Le\u00f3n-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2982-4498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Largo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9085-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Carrillo-Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5490-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Alejandra","family":"Arteaga-Tobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2822-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Escalante-Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4568-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pastor","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noel","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8160-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy","family":"Olaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4642-4162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edilma Lucy","family":"Rivera-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1211-3681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Miguel","family":"Barbosa-Rengifo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5481-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Nativi-Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6635-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Esteban","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"key20260203103234_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","article-title":"Global burden of heart failure: A comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology","volume":"118","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260203103234_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2013.05.017","article-title":"Caracter\u00edsticas de los pacientes con supervivencia mayor de 20 a\u00f1os tras un trasplante cardiaco","volume":"66","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260203103234_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0000000000000224","article-title":"Common postoperative heart transplant complications","volume":"41","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260203103234_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2301011","article-title":"Current status and outcomes in heart transplantation: A narrative review","volume":"23","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"key20260203103234_B5","unstructured":"International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. International Thoracic Organ Transplant (TTX) registry data slides [Internet]. Chicago: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; 2023 [cited 2024 June 28]. Special report: Death\/retransplant among primary, deceased donor transplant recipients. Available from: https:\/\/ishltregistries.org\/registries\/slides.asp?yearToDisplay=2023."},{"key":"key20260203103234_B6","unstructured":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Transplante de \u00d3rg\u00e3os (ABTO). Registro Brasileiro de Transplantes: Dimensionamento dos Transplantes no Brasil e em cada estado (2014\u20132021). [Internet]. S\u00e3o Paulo: Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Transplante de \u00d3rg\u00e3os; 2021 [cited 2024 June 28]. Available from: https:\/\/site.abto.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/leitura_compressed-1.pdf."},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260203103234_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2009.09.005","article-title":"Three decades of the history of donation and transplantation in Uruguay","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260203103234_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004159","article-title":"Thirty-five years of heart transplantation in Medell\u00edn: Colombia\u2019s first center for cardiac transplantation","volume":"106","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260203103234_B9","first-page":"223","article-title":"Factores asociados a la mortalidad en el primer a\u00f1o postrasplante card\u00edaco","volume":"27","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Colomb Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260203103234_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9681","article-title":"A comparison of different methods to adjust survival curves for confounders","volume":"42","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"key20260203103234_B11","unstructured":"Denz R. adjustedCurves: Confounder-adjusted survival curves and cumulative incidence functions [Internet]. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2025 [cited 2025 Dec 16]. Available from: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/adjustedCurves\/index.html."},{"issue":"9596","key":"key20260203103234_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"STROBE Initiative","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260203103234_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.02.014","article-title":"Conditional survival in heart transplantation: An organ procurement and transplantation network database analysis","volume":"110","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260203103234_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0162","article-title":"Heart transplantation in Asia","volume":"81","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260203103234_B15","article-title":"Survival analysis in adult heart transplantation: Experience from a Brazilian Single Center","volume":"39","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260203103234_B16","article-title":"Gender differences in heart transplantation: Twenty-five year trends in the nationwide Spanish heart transplant registry","volume":"34","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260203103234_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-024-00670-0","article-title":"Sex and gender-related disparities in clinical characteristics and outcomes in heart transplantation","volume":"21","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260203103234_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2017.07.019","article-title":"The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-fourth adult heart transplantation report-2017; focus theme: Allograft ischemic time","volume":"36","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260203103234_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(99)74976-6","article-title":"Selecci\u00f3n y evaluaci\u00f3n de pacientes candidatos a trasplante card\u00edaco","volume":"52","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260203103234_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)62422-8","article-title":"Cardiac transplantation in patients over 60 years of age","volume":"45","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260203103234_B21","first-page":"573","article-title":"Heart transplantation as a treatment option for end-stage heart disease in patients older than 65 years of age","volume":"12","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260203103234_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000005194","article-title":"Donor and recipient age influence outcomes following orthotopic heart transplantation in the 2018 US heart allocation system","volume":"109","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"key20260203103234_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.06.036","article-title":"Relation of length of survival after orthotopic heart transplantation to age of the donor","volume":"131","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260203103234_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2024.01.005","article-title":"Usage of older donors is associated with higher mortality after heart transplantation: A UNOS observational study","volume":"43","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"key20260203103234_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145996","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1145996","article-title":"Influence of chronic kidney disease and other risk factors pre-heart transplantation on malignancy incidence post-heart transplantation","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260203103234_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13309","article-title":"Influence of renal insufficiency pre-heart transplantation on malignancy risk post-heart transplantation","volume":"8","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260203103234_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.05.028","article-title":"Pre-orthotopic heart transplant estimated glomerular filtration rate predicts post-transplant mortality and renal outcomes: An analysis of the UNOS database","volume":"35","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260203103234_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-02077-5","article-title":"Association between pre-heart transplant kidney function and post-transplant outcomes in Black and White adults","volume":"37","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260203103234_B29","first-page":"465","article-title":"Evaluation of mortality risk with the IMPACT scale in patients with cardiac transplantation from a Latin American population","volume":"84","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Argent Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Global Heart"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/account.globalheartjournal.com\/index.php\/up-j-gh\/article\/download\/1520\/2221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.globalheartjournal.com\/index.php\/up-j-gh\/article\/download\/1520\/2222","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.globalheartjournal.com\/index.php\/up-j-gh\/article\/download\/1520\/2223","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/account.globalheartjournal.com\/index.php\/up-j-gh\/article\/download\/1520\/2221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T10:53:16Z","timestamp":1770115996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/account.globalheartjournal.com\/index.php\/up-j-gh\/article\/view\/1520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gh.1520","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-8179","2211-8160"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-8179","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2211-8160","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]}}}