{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:04:48Z","timestamp":1785153888310,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["gh"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hypertension is a major public health challenge in Bangladesh, yet population-level blood pressure control remains poorly characterized. This study estimated changes in population-level hypertension control between the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017\u201318 and BDHS 2022 and examined sociodemographic variation and socioeconomic inequality in hypertension control.\nMethods: Nationally representative BDHS 2017\u201318 (n = 13,131) and BDHS 2022 (n = 14,296) data were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure \u2265140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure \u226590 mmHg, or antihypertensive medication use. Population-level control was defined as blood pressure &lt;140\/90 mmHg among hypertensive individuals in the population. Adjusted control rates and sociodemographic variation were estimated using pooled survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression with marginal standardization. Socioeconomic inequality was assessed using the concentration index (CnI), slope index of inequality (SII), and relative index of inequality (RII).\nFindings: Among individuals with hypertension, control increased from 12.5% (95% CI: 11.3\u201313.8) in 2017\u201318 to 19.3% (17.5\u201321.2) in 2022, alongside increases in awareness from 42.4% (40.5\u201344.4) to 54.3% (51.9\u201356.6) and treatment from 37.0% (35.2\u201338.9) to 44.6% (42.1\u201347.0). Hypertension prevalence was 27.5% (26.5\u201328.5) in 2017\u201318 and 20.5% (19.6\u201321.4) in 2022. Adjusted control improved across most sociodemographic groups, with the largest increases among older adults (+6.5%), females (+6.3%), urban residents (+6.8%), individuals with higher education (+7.3%), and residents of Sylhet (+7.9%) and Chattogram (+7.2%) divisions. Socioeconomic inequality also increased between 2017\u201318 and 2022, with a persistent pro-rich pattern (CnI: 0.11 to 0.13; SII: 8.5% to 15.1%; RII: 1.99 to 2.22).\nConclusion: Population-level hypertension control in Bangladesh improved between survey rounds, although socioeconomic and geographic disparities persisted. Differences in survey implementation and measurement methods warrant cautious interpretation of changes over time. Strengthening equitable primary care and medication access may help sustain improvements and reduce disparities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:20:51Z","timestamp":1785151251000},"page":"58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypertension Control in Bangladesh: Changes, Sociodemographic Variation, and Socioeconomic Inequality from the 2017&amp;amp;#8211;18 to 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Mostafa","family":"Monower","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-0271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shehab Uddin","family":"Al Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8595-1993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamim","family":"Jubayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6962-7264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahfuzur Rahman","family":"Bhuiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3377-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abdullah","family":"Al Mamun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7498-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohel Reza","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20260727112045_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.005","article-title":"The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk: A Compass for Future Health","volume":"80","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key20260727112045_B2","unstructured":"WHO. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. Geneva; 2018. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/274512 (accessed 23 Apr 2025)."},{"key":"key20260727112045_B3","unstructured":"WHO. Hypertension Bangladesh 2023 country profile. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/hypertension-bgd-2023-country-profile (accessed 23 Apr 2025)."},{"key":"key20260727112045_B4","unstructured":"WHO. National STEPS Survey for Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors in Bangladesh 2018. 2018. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/332886 (accessed 27 Feb 2024)."},{"key":"key20260727112045_B5","unstructured":"RESOLVE to Save Lives. 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Hypertension Control Initiative in Bangladesh. 2023. https:\/\/www.advocacyincubator.org\/news\/2023-05-17-hypertension-control-initiative-in-bangladesh?utm_source=chatgpt.com (accessed 27 Apr 2025)."},{"key":"key20260727112045_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31145-6","article-title":"Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in 12 high-income countries: An analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys","volume":"394","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"key20260727112045_B12","first-page":"19","article-title":"Community-based strategies to improve health-related outcomes in people living with hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"key20260727112045_B13","unstructured":"[dataset] The DHS Program 2017\u201318. 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