{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:44:38Z","timestamp":1785937478160,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"DOI":"10.5334\/joc.512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:57:46Z","timestamp":1785934666000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repeating Task-Irrelevant Contexts Does Not Bias Task Choice and Performance in Voluntary Task Switching"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0215-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Benini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1092-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Dignath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Schiltenwolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9664-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iring","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1290-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Philipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5564-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Kiesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","reference":[{"key":"key20260805125744_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198524694.003.0016","volume-title":"Attention, space, and action: Studies in cognitive neuroscience","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B2","first-page":"935","article-title":"Testing probability matching and episodic retrieval accounts of response repetition effects in task switching","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01237-x","article-title":"Gorilla in our midst: An online behavioral experiment builder","volume":"52","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3758\/MC.36.5.991","article-title":"The effect of stimulus availability on task choice in voluntary task switching","volume":"36","year":"2008","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260805125744_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00728.x","article-title":"The cost of a voluntary task switch","volume":"15","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B6","first-page":"683","article-title":"Voluntary task switching: Chasing the elusive homunculus","volume":"31","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2014.961935","article-title":"Rethinking volitional control over task choice in multitask environments: Use of a stimulus set selection strategy in voluntary task switching","volume":"68","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B8","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Stimulus-based priming of task choice during voluntary task switching","volume":"36","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contextual features of the cue enter episodic bindings in task switching","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260805125744_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1177\/17470218221128546","article-title":"Binding of task-irrelevant contextual features in task switching","volume":"76","year":"2023","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-023-01904-x","article-title":"Repetition costs in task switching are not equal to cue switching costs: evidence from a cue-independent context","volume":"88","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B13","first-page":"1","article-title":"How many participants do we have to include in properly powered experiments? A tutorial of power analysis with reference tables","volume":"2","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B14","first-page":"434","article-title":"Item-specific priming of voluntary task switches","volume":"46","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2013.836232","article-title":"Component processes in voluntary task switching","volume":"67","year":"2014","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.17.3.387","article-title":"Voluntary task switching under load: Contribution of top-down and bottom-up factors in goal-directed behavior","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721418800030","article-title":"On how to be flexible (or not): Modulation of the stability-flexibility balance","volume":"28","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2023.101348","article-title":"Flexibility as a matter of context, effort, and ability: evidence from the task-switching paradigm","volume":"55","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805125744_B19","first-page":"1540","article-title":"The shielding function of task sets and its relaxation during task switching","volume":"37","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2017.01.024","article-title":"Keep flexible \u2013 Keep switching! The influence of forced task switching on voluntary task switching","volume":"162","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260805125744_B22","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Keep flexible\u2014Keep switching? Boundary conditions of the influence of forced task switching on voluntary task switching","volume":"48","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.3.388","article-title":"Voluntary Selection of Task Sets Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"18","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2020.02.004","article-title":"Binding and Retrieval in Action Control (BRAC)","volume":"24","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260805125744_B25","first-page":"1720","article-title":"How perception guides action: Figure-ground segmentation modulates integration of context features into S-R episodes","volume":"43","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2024.101352","article-title":"What are we measuring when we measure task switch costs?","volume":"56","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260805125744_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-019-01779-4","article-title":"Theory of Event Coding (TEC) V2.0: Representing and controlling perception and action","volume":"81","year":"2019","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000103","article-title":"The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): A framework for perception and action planning","volume":"24","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-022-01705-8","article-title":"Perception and action as viewed from the Theory of Event Coding: a multi-lab replication and effect size estimation of common experimental designs","volume":"87","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B30","article-title":"Bottom-up influences on voluntary task switching in different reward contexts?","volume":"217","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-020-01297-1","article-title":"Does temporal predictability of tasks influence task choice?","volume":"85","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2009.03.005","article-title":"Choosing to switch: Spontaneous task switching despite associated behavioral costs","volume":"131","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019842","article-title":"Control and interference in task switching\u2014A review","volume":"136","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196511","article-title":"The role of external cues for endogenous advance reconfiguration in task switching","volume":"10","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196354","article-title":"Sequential task predictability in task switching","volume":"12","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.2.448","article-title":"Instruction effects in task switching","volume":"15","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193420","article-title":"Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task switching","volume":"34","year":"2006","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-017-0847-9","article-title":"Explaining response-repetition effects in task switching: evidence from switching cue modality suggests episodic binding and response inhibition","volume":"82","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-04760-2_3","volume-title":"Handbook of human multitasking","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805125744_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000144","article-title":"Cognitive structure, flexibility, and plasticity in human multitasking\u2014An integrative review of dual-task and task-switching research","volume":"144","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B41","article-title":"Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"key20260805125744_B42","first-page":"1084","article-title":"Investigating the influence of salience on distractor-response binding","volume":"32","year":"2024","journal-title":"Visual Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210802570994","article-title":"Is advance reconfiguration in voluntary task switching affected by the design employed?","volume":"62","year":"2009","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B44","first-page":"575","article-title":"Clever homunculus: Is there an endogenous act of control in the explicit task-cuing procedure?","volume":"29","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260805125744_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01781.x","article-title":"On how to be unpredictable. Evidence from the voluntary task-switching paradigm","volume":"17","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B46","first-page":"362","article-title":"Differential effects of cue changes and task changes on task-set selection costs","volume":"29","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-012-0435-y","article-title":"Intentional weighting: A basic principle in cognitive control","volume":"77","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B48","first-page":"313","article-title":"Flexibility by association? No evidence for an influence of cue\u2013transition associations on voluntary task switching","volume":"50","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-017-0911-5","article-title":"Exploring the repetition bias in voluntary task switching","volume":"82","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-023-01470-y","article-title":"Reactive and proactive control processes in voluntary task choice","volume":"52","year":"2024","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-018-0802-z","article-title":"Trading off switch costs and stimulus availability benefits: An investigation of voluntary task-switching behavior in a predictable dynamic multitasking environment","volume":"46","year":"2018","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260805125744_B52","first-page":"1529","article-title":"Linking task selection to task performance: Internal and predictable external processing constraints jointly influence voluntary task switching behavior","volume":"45","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260805125744_B53","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Identifying individual cost-balancing strategies when self-organizing task switching","volume":"51","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.5334\/joc.137","article-title":"Scaling of the Parameters for Cost Balancing in Self- Organized Task Switching","volume":"4","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B55","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B56","first-page":"493","article-title":"Can the task-cuing paradigm measure an endogenous task-set reconfiguration process?","volume":"32","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194391","article-title":"Task-set reconfiguration with predictable and unpredictable task switches","volume":"31","year":"2003","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B58","unstructured":"Morey, R. D., & Rouder, J. N. (2024). Bayesfactor: Computation of Bayes Factors for Common Designs. BayesFactor: Computation of Bayes Factors for Common Designs. https:\/\/richarddmorey.github.io\/BayesFactor\/"},{"issue":"FEB","key":"key20260805125744_B59","first-page":"1","article-title":"Succumbing to bottom-up biases on task choice predicts increased switch costs in the voluntary task switching paradigm","volume":"2","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2010.08.006","article-title":"Adaptive control of ideomotor effect anticipations","volume":"135","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B61","article-title":"Expanding the boundaries: investigating the integration of contextual information across a spectrum of inter-trial variability","volume":"15","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805125744_B62","first-page":"1","article-title":"Inter-trial variability of context influences the binding structure in a stimulus-response episode","volume":"5","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-021-02428-5","article-title":"Saliency determines the integration of contextual information into stimulus\u2013response episodes","volume":"84","year":"2022","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.124.2.207","article-title":"Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks","volume":"124","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B65","unstructured":"RStudio Team. (2019). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. https:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-024-02465-9","article-title":"Binding of response-independent task rules","volume":"31","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260805125744_B67","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Increased display complexity reveals effects of salience in action control","volume":"49","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805125744_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.134.3.343","article-title":"Modeling task switching without switching tasks: A short-term priming account of explicitly cued performance","volume":"134","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805125744_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-015-0507-5","article-title":"Learning a nonmediated route for response selection in task switching","volume":"43","year":"2015","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260805125744_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-018-1498-7","article-title":"May I have your attention please: Binding of attended but response-irrelevant features","volume":"80","year":"2018","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics"},{"key":"key20260805125744_B71","unstructured":"Singmann, H., Bolker, B., Westfall, J., Aust, F., & Ben-Shachar, M. S. (2020). afex: Analysis of Factorial Experiments. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=afex"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-020-00801-9","article-title":"Contextual Adaptation of Cognitive Flexibility is driven by Task- and Item-Level Learning","volume":"20","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805125744_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2012.04.003","article-title":"A chain-retrieval model for voluntary task switching","volume":"65","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260805125744_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019791","article-title":"Task switching: Interplay of reconfiguration and interference control","volume":"136","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"key20260805125744_B75","first-page":"212","article-title":"Task switching and the measurement of \u201cswitch costs.\u201d","volume":"63","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychological Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:57:58Z","timestamp":1785934678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.journalofcognition.org\/articles\/10.5334\/joc.512\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5334\/joc.512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/joc.512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2514-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2514-4820","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"40"}}