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Currently, educators use the terms schema and framework interchangeably but they are distinct concepts. In this paper, we offer definitions for schema and framework and use the high-stakes field of aviation to demonstrate the interplay of these concepts. We offer examples of framework and schema in the medical education field and discuss how a clear understanding of these concepts allows for greater intentionality when teaching and assessing clinical reasoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/pme.947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T12:39:10Z","timestamp":1690547950000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Framework and Schema are False Synonyms: Defining Terms to Improve Learning"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1076-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Dreicer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5631-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Joudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7226-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.J.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2598-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Rencic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"key20230728083856_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.225","article-title":"Abraham Flexner and his remarkable report on medical education: a century later","volume":"303","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key20230728083856_B2","unstructured":"Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care; Board on Health Care Services; Institute of Medicine; The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 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