{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:42:51Z","timestamp":1759365771814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TOHM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is a complex condition characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms, including tremors, dystonia, sensory disturbances and dissociative episodes. Functional Movement Disorder (FMD), a common motor subtype of FND, specifically involves abnormal involuntary movements without an identifiable structural or organic cause. There isn\u2019t a validated assessment tool that currently exists to measure the specific impact of stress on motor symptom variability in FMD. The absence of such tools presents a barrier to accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and longitudinal monitoring. This review focuses specifically on the FMD subtype, as it represents the most relevant phenotype for assessing stress-related motor dysfunction in the context of movement disorders. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across four major databases\u2014PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Scopus\u2014using keywords related to FND, stress, motor symptoms, and psychometric evaluation. A total of 15 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings reveal a gap in available instruments: while several measures assess general stress (e.g., PSS-10, DASS-21) or motor symptoms (e.g., S-FMDRS), none are designed to capture the dynamic and stress-sensitive nature of motor dysfunction in FND. The review underscores the need for a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure that is condition-specific, psychometrically validated, and capable of assessing real-time symptom variability linked to stress. Such a tool may offer significant benefits for clinical care and research by improving the precision of symptom monitoring, enhancing patient-provider communication, and guiding targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.1042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T10:08:07Z","timestamp":1759313287000},"page":"49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Scoping Review of Measures Used to Assess Stress-Related Motor Dysfunction in Functional Movement Disorder"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4025-6035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea","family":"Kinney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7692-1840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Shotwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key20251001100800_B1","first-page":"o64","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder","volume":"376","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20251001100800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0987","article-title":"A practical review of functional neurological disorder (FND) for the general physician","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"key20251001100800_B3","unstructured":"Brar G. Validation of a novel scale for outcome measurement in Functional Neurological Disorder: The Functional Neurological Disorders Rating Scale (FuNDRS) [master\u2019s thesis]. London: King\u2019s College London; 2022. Supervisors: Shotbolt P, Medford N. 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