{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:44:26Z","timestamp":1787031866021,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TOHM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neurocysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium larvae, is a common parasitic infection of the central nervous system in endemic regions. Although seizures and headaches are the typical presentations, movement disorders represent a lesser-known but clinically important manifestation. This systematic review aimed to examine the spectrum, radiological correlates, treatments, and outcomes of movement disorders associated with neurocysticercosis.\nMethods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify case reports, case series, and cohort studies reporting movement disorders in confirmed cases of neurocysticercosis. Included studies were assessed for clinical details, neuroimaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid results, type of movement disorder, treatment regimens, and outcomes. Quality assessment was done using Murad\u2019s framework for case reports.\nResults: A total of 45 patients were included: 21 presented with hypokinetic and 24 with hyperkinetic movement disorders. In the hypokinetic group, parkinsonism was the most common manifestation (52.38%) with basal ganglia and midbrain involvement. Levodopa was administered in 28.57%, and 47.62% achieved marked clinical improvement. In the hyperkinetic group, chorea (29.17%), facial dyskinesias (25%), and myoclonus (16.67%) were prevalent. Albendazole with corticosteroids was used in over 60% of cases, and 83.3% had full or marked recovery.\nConclusions: Movement disorders in neurocysticercosis are diverse but potentially reversible. Early neuroimaging and targeted therapy yield favorable outcomes, especially in hyperkinetic presentations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.1061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T12:50:53Z","timestamp":1754657453000},"page":"38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Movement Disorders in Neurocysticercosis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0044-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravindra Kumar","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shweta","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apoorva","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0441-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raza Abbas","family":"Mahdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-9107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Singhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"key20250808125045_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70094-8","article-title":"Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250808125045_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(02)00055-X","article-title":"Movement disorders in the tropics","volume":"9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20250808125045_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.09.031","article-title":"Parkinsonism in a patient with Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"80","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20250808125045_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.576","article-title":"Hemichorea-Hemiballismus as a Presentation of Cerebritis from Intracranial Toxoplasmosis and Tuberculosis","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250808125045_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421052","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis of the CNS: current issues and challenges","volume":"113","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"key20250808125045_B6","first-page":"765","article-title":"Brain hydatidosis: report on 117 cases","volume":"16","year":"2000","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"key20250808125045_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.06.009","article-title":"Parkinsonism and other movement disorders in 23 cases of neurocysticercosis","volume":"42","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism and Related Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250808125045_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/bc.bc_48_20","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis and movement disorders: A literature review","volume":"6","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Circ"},{"key":"key20250808125045_B9","first-page":"100233","article-title":"Overview of management of infection-related movement disorders with focus on specific-infections","volume":"10","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20250808125045_B10","unstructured":"Garg RK, Singhal S, Pandey S, Mahdi RA. 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