{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:09:26Z","timestamp":1785942566609,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.1230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:31:24Z","timestamp":1785940284000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Camptocormia- A Critical Review and Update"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ava G.","family":"Tohidian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Ghaseminejad-Bandpey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahman","family":"Jabbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","reference":[{"key":"key20260805143115_B1","first-page":"937","article-title":"La camptocormie; incurvation du tronc, consecutive aux traumatismes du dos et des lombes; considerations morphologiques","volume":"28","year":"1914","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"key20260805143115_B2","first-page":"1702","article-title":"Causes of camptocormia","volume":"33","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805143115_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21403","article-title":"Camptocormia as a presentation of generalized inflammatory myopathy","volume":"40","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805143115_B4","first-page":"75","article-title":"Camptocormia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment modalities","volume":"87","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260805143115_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000171857.09079.9f","article-title":"Camptocormia: pathogenesis, classification, and response to therapy","volume":"65","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805143115_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.05.012","article-title":"Bent spine syndrome (camptocormia): a retrospective study of 63 patients","volume":"77","year":"2010","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260805143115_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2596","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70048","article-title":"Frozen in Addiction: A New Wave of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders?","volume":"40","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805143115_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000314897","article-title":"Presentation, etiology, diagnosis, and management of camptocormia","volume":"64","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805143115_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22909","article-title":"Backpack treatment for camptocormia","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260805143115_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23585","article-title":"Upright posture in parkinsonian camptocormia using a high-frame walker with forearm support","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805143115_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2201011","article-title":"Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation for Camptocormia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"22","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260805143115_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27072","article-title":"Botulinum toxin: State of the art","volume":"32","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260805143115_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1571952","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Blepharospasm, Orofacial\/Oromandibular Dystonia, and Hemifacial Spasm","volume":"36","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260805143115_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21967","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805143115_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22249","article-title":"Injection of the iliopsoas muscle with botulinum toxin in camptocormia","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"key20260805143115_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22676","article-title":"Goal attainment after treatment of parkinsonian camptocormia with botulinum toxin","volume":"24","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260805143115_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.06.002","article-title":"Improvement in dystonic camptocormia following botulinum toxin injection to the external oblique muscle","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20260805143115_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baga.2018.02.002","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment of paraspinal muscles for improving abnormal posture in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260805143115_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-018-0108-x","article-title":"Injection of Onabotulinum Toxin A into the Bilateral External Oblique Muscle Attenuated Camptocormia: A Prospective Open-Label Study in Six Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"7","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"key20260805143115_B20","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Pain disorders","year":"2022","edition":"\u20133rd"},{"key":"key20260805143115_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2026.109073","article-title":"Effects of apomorphine, spinal rTMS, and BoNT on camptocormia: an exploratory wearable sensor-based analysis in a patient with MSA","volume":"276","year":"2026","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"14","key":"key20260805143115_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003789","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA doses up to 800 U in limb spasticity: The TOWER study","volume":"88","author":"TOWER study investigators","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"20","key":"key20260805143115_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13206166","article-title":"An Exploratory Study on the Effects of Souchard Postural Gymnastics in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients with Camptocormia: A Quasi-Experimental Approach","volume":"13","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260805143115_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0252","article-title":"An orthosis and physiotherapy programme for camptocormia: a prospective case study","volume":"40","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260805143115_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.1440","article-title":"The effect of comprehensive physiotherapy-based rehabilitation on stooped posture in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"key20260805143115_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.05.006","article-title":"Four-week trunk-specific exercise program decreases forward trunk flexion in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T14:31:27Z","timestamp":1785940287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tremorjournal.org\/articles\/10.5334\/tohm.1230\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5334\/tohm.1230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.1230","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-8288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-8288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"46"}}