{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:32:04Z","timestamp":1787142724267,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.1243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:18:28Z","timestamp":1787141908000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spectrum of Dystonia in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Prospective Observational Study and Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kartika","family":"Gulati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1964.00460160003001","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy: a heterogeneous degeneration involving the brain stem, basal ganglia and cerebellum with vertical gaze and pseudobulbar palsy, nuchal dystonia and dementia","volume":"10","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archives of neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260819121822_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70338","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy\u2014a global review","volume":"13","year":"2026","journal-title":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B3","article-title":"Clinical neurology and epidemiology of the major neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-024-00784-9","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy diagnosis and treatment","volume":"26","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Treatment Options in Neurology"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.10.013","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"149","year":"2019","journal-title":"International review of neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260819121822_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy: the movement disorder society criteria","volume":"32","year":"2017","journal-title":"Movement disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260819121822_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27666","article-title":"How to apply the movement disorder society criteria for diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"34","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260819121822_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27619","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"34","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_611_20","article-title":"Subtypes of PSP and prognosis: a retrospective analysis","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260819121822_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14346","article-title":"Multimodality Brain Imaging Markers in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Subtypes and Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","year":"2025","journal-title":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260819121822_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200118120-00003","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy: clinical features, pathophysiology and management","volume":"18","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs & aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260819121822_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2184-3","article-title":"Midbrain-to-pons ratio in autopsy-confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy: replication in an independent cohort","volume":"36","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"20","key":"key20260819121822_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318292a2d2","article-title":"The midbrain to pons ratio: a simple and specific MRI sign of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"80","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260819121822_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.9.1546","article-title":"Limb dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"37","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15_supplement","key":"key20260819121822_B15","first-page":"P3","article-title":"Prevalence estimates and clinical characterization for tremor and dystonia in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (P3. 8\u2013005)","volume":"92","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.4.352","article-title":"Dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"62","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2008000600004","article-title":"Clinical features of dystonia in atypical parkinsonism","volume":"66","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.07.030","article-title":"Dystonia in atypical parkinsonian disorders","volume":"66","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260819121822_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.10.1571","article-title":"Dystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"40","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.01.015","article-title":"Association of PSP phenotypes with survival: a brain-bank study","volume":"84","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & related disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_1039_20","article-title":"Relevance of subtype classification of PSP","volume":"24","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2019.08.005","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and corticobasal syndrome: A review","volume":"1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002835","article-title":"Corticobasal syndrome: a practical guide","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Practical Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.12008","article-title":"Levodopa-induced facial dystonia in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"5","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/01658107.2015.1105824","article-title":"Facial Dystonia with Facial Grimacing and Vertical Gaze Palsy with \u201cRound the Houses\u201d Sign in a 29-Year-Old Woman","volume":"40","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"key20260819121822_B26","first-page":"187","article-title":"Lingual dystonia as a new clinical feature in corticobasal syndrome","volume":"353","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260819121822_B27","first-page":"8257","article-title":"Alternating flexed-extended posturing in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260819121822_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198612000-00011","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy: report of a case with torticollis, blepharospasm, and dysfluency","volume":"292","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.03.023","article-title":"Levodopa-induced dystonia in a patient with possible progressive supranuclear palsy with progressive gait freezing","volume":"388","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260819121822_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.005","article-title":"Pisa syndrome in progressive supranuclear palsy: A case report","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260819121822_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13881","article-title":"Levodopa-Induced Jaw and Facial Dystonia in a Case of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy with Blepharospasm","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.12.019","article-title":"Laryngeal dystonia causing upper airway obstruction in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"14","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260819121822_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00128-2","article-title":"Levodopa-induced oromandibular dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"105","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical neurology and neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260819121822_B34","first-page":"471","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy. Report of 14 cases with special reference to unusual features","volume":"39","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260819121822_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.9554-22","article-title":"Lower Cranial Dystonia with Inflated Cheeks: A Case of Dystonic Respiratory Failure","volume":"62","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260819121822_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2020.1732965","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with hyperkinetic movement disorder and hemiplegic dystonia: a case report","volume":"130","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260819121822_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24992","article-title":"Dystonia in corticobasal degeneration: a review of the literature on 404 pathologically proven cases","volume":"27","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260819121822_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1183","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration: a clinical study of 36 cases","volume":"117","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260819121822_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1038","article-title":"Dystonia in corticobasal degeneration","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2017.11.004","article-title":"Comparison of dystonia between Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism: the clinical usefulness of dystonia distribution and characteristics in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism","volume":"52","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260819121822_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000052991.70149.68","article-title":"Clinical features and natural history of progressive supranuclear palsy: a clinical cohort study","volume":"60","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B42","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Dystonia and Dystonic Syndromes 2015"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"key20260819121822_B43","first-page":"s81","article-title":"Frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening in the general population and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B44","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Journal of clinical neurology","year":"2005"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.10.003","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of corticobasal syndrome amongst Chinese in Taiwan","volume":"13","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & Related Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260819121822_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12582","article-title":"Is it useful to classify progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration as different disorders? No","volume":"5","year":"2018","journal-title":"Movement disorders clinical practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260819121822_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-002-0531-y","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy with asymmetric tau pathology presenting with unilateral limb dystonia","volume":"104","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta neuropathologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B48","first-page":"304","article-title":"Corticobasal syndrome: five new things","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology: Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260819121822_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30112","article-title":"Prospective multicenter evaluation of the MDS \u201csuggestive of PSP\u201d diagnostic criteria","volume":"40","author":"DESCRIBE-PSP Group, The ProPSP Group","year":"2025","journal-title":"Movement disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260819121822_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12756","article-title":"Asymmetric limb dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy: conundrum in nosology","volume":"6","year":"2019","journal-title":"Movement Disorders Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"19","key":"key20260819121822_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5798","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13195798","article-title":"Asymmetry in atypical parkinsonian syndromes\u2014a review","volume":"13","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"key20260819121822_B52","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and its relationship to progressive supranuclear palsy and frontotemporal dementia","volume":"54","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260819121822_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300875","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for corticobasal syndrome: a comparative study","volume":"83","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.041","article-title":"The phenotypic spectrum of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"22","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & related disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260819121822_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22977","article-title":"What features improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism (PSP-P)?","volume":"25","year":"2010","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00180","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy\u2014parkinsonism predominant (PSP-P)\u2014a clinical challenge at the boundaries of psp and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD)","volume":"11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260819121822_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05601-8","article-title":"\u201cParkinson\u2019s disease\u201d on the way to progressive supranuclear palsy: A review on PSP-parkinsonism","volume":"42","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.1.20","article-title":"Circuits and circuit disorders of the basal ganglia","volume":"64","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260819121822_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(01)00025-6","article-title":"Dystonia and parkinsonism","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parkinsonism & related disorders"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120016","article-title":"Parkinsonism and dystonia: Clinical spectrum and diagnostic clues","volume":"433","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260819121822_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30257","article-title":"Brain networks route neurodegeneration patterns in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"40","author":"AL-108-231 Investigators, the PASSPORT Study Group","year":"2025","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260819121822_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29887","article-title":"Stepwise functional brain architecture correlates with atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"39","year":"2024","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"S12","key":"key20260819121822_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20545","article-title":"Treatment of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration","volume":"20","year":"2005","journal-title":"Movement disorders: official journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"key":"key20260819121822_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.09.003","article-title":"An update on new and unique uses of botulinum toxin in movement disorders","volume":"147","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260819121822_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.15060","article-title":"Clinical approach to progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of movement disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260819121822_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002794","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy: diagnosis and management","volume":"21","year":"2021","journal-title":"Practical Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260819121822_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200009","article-title":"Botulinum toxin treatment in atypical parkinsonian disorders associated with disabling focal dystonia","volume":"249","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260819121822_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14182","article-title":"Ethnic differences in atypical parkinsonism\u2014is South Asian PSP different?","volume":"11","year":"2024","journal-title":"Movement disorders clinical practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260819121822_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30261","article-title":"Clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): a clinicopathological comparison of patients with confirmed PSP and clinical mimics","volume":"40","year":"2025","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"}],"container-title":["Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T12:18:41Z","timestamp":1787141921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tremorjournal.org\/articles\/10.5334\/tohm.1243\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5334\/tohm.1243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.1243","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-8288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-8288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"48"}}