{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:17:04Z","timestamp":1789827424003,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T06:46:53Z","timestamp":1703573213000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Electrophysiology in Functional Movement Disorders: An Update"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7933-8826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitish","family":"Kamble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4085-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod Kumar","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","reference":[{"key":"key20231226064648_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.05.011","article-title":"Who is referred to neurology clinics? \u2013 The diagnoses made in 3781 new patients","volume":"112","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12013","article-title":"The Phenomenology of Functional (Psychogenic) Dystonia","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"37","key":"key20231226064648_B3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional or psychogenic movement disorders: an endless enigmatic tale","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20231226064648_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3283551bc1","article-title":"Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders","volume":"25","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003479","article-title":"Clinical decision-making in functional and hyperkinetic movement disorders","volume":"88","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20231226064648_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2015.365","article-title":"Gender and Age Determinants of Psychogenic Movement Disorders: A Clinical Profile of 73 Patients","volume":"43","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20231226064648_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.11.021","article-title":"Physiology of psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"17","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"35","key":"key20231226064648_B9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and therapy of functional tremor a systematic review illustrated by a case report","volume":"2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.19064","article-title":"Principles of Electrophysiological Assessments for Movement Disorders","volume":"13","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20231226064648_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26525","article-title":"Validation of \u201claboratory supported\u201d criteria for functional (psychogenic) tremor","volume":"31","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B12","article-title":"Tremor: clinical phenomenology and assessment techniques","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20231226064648_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v35.i5.10","article-title":"A review on techniques for tremor recording and quantification","volume":"35","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.06.002","article-title":"How to do an electrophysiological study of tremor","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B15","article-title":"Using portable transducers to measure tremor severity","volume":"6","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90075-Z","article-title":"Principles of digital sampling of a physiologic signal","volume":"89","year":"1993","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Potentials Sect"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.07.033","article-title":"The diagnostic value of clinical neurophysiology in hyperkinetic movement disorders: A systematic review","volume":"89","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23922","article-title":"Moving toward \u201claboratory-supported\u201d criteria for psychogenic tremor","volume":"26","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B19","first-page":"513","article-title":"Discrimination of Parkinsonian tremor from essential tremor using statistical signal characterization of the spectrum of accelerometer signal","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bio Med Mater Eng"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00629-0","article-title":"Electromyographic differentiation of tremors","volume":"112","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2008.02.008","article-title":"Novel parameters of surface EMG in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and healthy young and old controls","volume":"19","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B22","first-page":"43","article-title":"Overview of human tremor physiology","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov. Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.01.004","article-title":"The clinical and electrophysiological investigation of tremor","volume":"136","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1<84::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Multiple oscillators are causing parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.10.002","article-title":"Wavelet coherence analysis: A new approach to distinguish organic and functional tremor types","volume":"129","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0189-3_1","volume-title":"The Bereitschaftspotential","year":"2003"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303081","article-title":"The bereitschaftspotential in jerky movement disorders","volume":"83","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20231226064648_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.04.025","article-title":"What is the Bereitschaftspotential?","volume":"117","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000083009","article-title":"Blink Reflex R2 Recovery Curves in Patients with Facial Palsy within Ten Days after Onset","volume":"67","year":"2005","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199601)19:1<10::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Blink reflex recovery curves in blepharospasm, torticollis spasmodica, and hemifacial spasm","volume":"19","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20231226064648_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00321-1","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology","volume":"2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0591t.x","article-title":"Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans","volume":"517","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20837","article-title":"Cortical and spinal abnormalities in psychogenic dystonia","volume":"59","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20231226064648_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp213","article-title":"Abnormal sensorimotor plasticity in organic but not in psychogenic dystonia","volume":"132","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.01.013","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation plus standardized suggestion of benefit for functional movement disorders: an open label case series","volume":"21","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00338","article-title":"Impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on functional movement disorders: cortical modulation or a behavioral effect?","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B37","first-page":"226","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for psychogenic tremor \u2013 a pilot study","volume":"79","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27727","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for functional tremor: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"34","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B39","first-page":"431","article-title":"Psychogenic dystonia","volume":"50","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20231226064648_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20921","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical diagnostic criteria for psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"21","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1145","article-title":"Electrophysiological aids to the diagnosis of psychogenic jerks, spasms, and tremor","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832dc169","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychogenic Tremor: A video guide to its distinguishing features","volume":"4","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20231226064648_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2013.08.014","article-title":"Clinical neurophysiology of psychogenic movement disorders: How to diagnose psychogenic tremor and myoclonus","volume":"44","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B45","first-page":"S153","article-title":"Electrophysiological evaluation of psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"Suppl 1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(11)70048-7","article-title":"Psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Park Rel Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.11004","article-title":"Electrophysiologic evaluation of psychogenic movement disorders","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130216","article-title":"Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors","volume":"13","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.08.009","article-title":"Transient arrest of psychogenic tremor induced by contralateral ballistic movements","volume":"370","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10707","article-title":"Identification of psychogenic, dystonic, and other organic tremors by a coherence entrainment test","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.06.008","article-title":"How typical are \u2018typical\u2019 tremor characteristics? Sensitivity and specificity of five tremor phenomena","volume":"30","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20231226064648_B52","first-page":"1","article-title":"Electrophysiological Evidence for Functional (Psychogenic) Essential Palatal Tremor","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070312","article-title":"Voluntary stimulus-sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes","volume":"7","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1591","article-title":"Propriospinal myoclonus: a neurophysiological analysis","volume":"42","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5531-6","article-title":"Axial jerks: a clinical spectrum ranging from propriospinal to psychogenic myoclonus","volume":"257","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.02.026","article-title":"Psychogenic axial myoclonus: clinical features and long-term outcome","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20231226064648_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12986","article-title":"Myoclonus: An Electrophysiological Diagnosis","volume":"7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B58","first-page":"1","article-title":"Functional Dystonia: Differentiation from Primary Dystonia and Multidisciplinary Treatments","volume":"11","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309040","article-title":"Using reaction time and co-contraction to differentiate acquired (secondary) from functional \u2018fixed\u2019 dystonia","volume":"86","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820c3074","article-title":"The blink reflex recovery cycle differs between essential and presumed psychogenic blepharospasm","volume":"76","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20231226064648_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21801","article-title":"Cortical excitability is abnormal in patients with the \u201cfixed dystonia\u201d syndrome","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2019.04.005","article-title":"Differentiating tics from functional (psychogenic) movements with electrophysiological tools","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000137012.35029.6B","article-title":"Two different pathogenic mechanisms in psychogenic tremor","volume":"63","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key20231226064648_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22072","article-title":"Psychogenic propriospinal myoclonus","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/storage.googleapis.com\/jnl-up-j-tohm-files\/journals\/1\/articles\/793\/658abd1b803c2.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:58:55Z","timestamp":1761551935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/tremorjournal.org\/articles\/10.5334\/tohm.793\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5334\/tohm.793"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.793","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-8288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-8288","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"article-number":"49"}}