{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:52:12Z","timestamp":1768639932905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ubiquity Press, Ltd.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["TOHM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Essential tremor, the world\u2019s most prevalent movement disorder, lacks a clear understanding of its pathophysiology. Propranolol, a non-specific beta-blocker capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, is a primary choice for essential tremor treatment. While its tremor-reducing effects are generally attributed to peripheral actions, various uses hint at central adrenergic effects. Nevertheless, propranolol\u2019s precise impact on the central nervous system in essential tremor subjects remains unexplored.\nMethods: In this study, we employed transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the influence of propranolol on the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) in patients with essential tremor, compared to an age- and sex-matched control group. Cortical excitability parameters were measured following placebo and propranolol administration, encompassing resting and active motor thresholds, motor evoked potential characteristics, cortical silent period, and the input\/output curve.\nResults: Distinct effects were observed across the two cortical hemispheres. Essential tremor patients displayed inhibition of the left M1 cortex and heightened excitability in the right M1 cortex four hours after propranolol administration, but not following placebo.\nConclusions: These findings suggest potential differential noradrenergic excitatory and inhibitory modulation. However, comprehensive understanding necessitates further investigations, including left-handed participants and more diverse essential tremor subpopulations. This study underscores the need for continued exploration to unravel propranolol\u2019s complex effects on motor cortex excitability in essential tremor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1704197283000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Propranolol on Motor Cortex Excitability in Essential Tremor: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1226-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e1n","family":"Miguel-Puga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4518-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Villafuerte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Trevi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Ortega-Robles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9982-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Arias-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7342","key":"key20240102070757_B1","first-page":"1080","article-title":"A New Adrenergic Betareceptor Antagonist","volume":"1","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"7200","key":"key20240102070757_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7200.1730","article-title":"beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis","volume":"318","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20240102070757_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2017.05.001","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of beta-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"11","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Hypertension: JASH"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20240102070757_B4","article-title":"PKQuest: a general physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. 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