{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:54:22Z","timestamp":1777312462533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an immunocompetent young patient complicated with empyema and pneumothorax is rarely reported. A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a history of worsening dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. The patient had unstable vital signs on presentation, and was referred to the resuscitation area on a monitored bed. The patient had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed on a prior occasion at a primary health clinic, revealing pneumothorax and some fluid at the left costophrenic angle. On arrival at the hospital, bedside ultrasound was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of pneumothorax. His vital signs were pulse 153, BP 88\/62, RR 50\u00a0breaths per minute and his oxygen saturation on air was 92%. Tension pneumothorax was diagnosed based on clinical presentation and given vital signs. It was managed immediately with needle decompression followed by chest tube insertion. The patient improved dramatically after needle decompression with stabilization of vital signs. A CXR was repeated post-needle decompression which showed an incompletely resolved pneumothorax with an increase in the size of the effusion. Iatrogenic haemothorax was a possible explanation for this increase in effusion size. Chest tube was successfully inserted in the fourth intercostal space just anterior to the midaxillary line under full aseptic precautions. The chest tube drained 1.4\u00a0liters of blood, which on analysis showed a low pH and elevated adenosine deaminase level. Two out of three sputum samples sent from the medical ward were positive for mycobacteria other than tuberculosis as confirmed on culture. The patient's symptoms improved with percutaneous tube drainage of hemopneumothorax and antituberculous medications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2015.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T09:33:33Z","timestamp":1435916013000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection presenting as empyema and life threatening pneumothorax: A challenging situation in the emergency department"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2015","author":[{"given":"Shahzad","family":"Anjum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Accident and Emergency Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramsha","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accident and Emergency Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer A.","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accident and Emergency Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"243","article-title":"Pulmonary disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"133","author":"Glassroth\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis","first-page":"124","article-title":"Mycobacterium intracellulare pleurisy identified on liquid cultures of the pleural fluid and pleural biopsy","volume":"74","author":"Lim\n\u00a0\nJG","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"132","article-title":"Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M kansasii, and M intracellularis infections","volume":"80","author":"Christensen\n\u00a0\nEE","year":"1981"},{"issue":"19","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium pleuritis in a non-immunocompromised patient","volume":"47","author":"Kakugawa\n\u00a0\nT","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","first-page":"588","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prevalence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease","volume":"19","author":"Hagiwara\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2013"},{"issue":"22","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"2511","article-title":"Clinical analysis of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease complicated by pneumothorax","volume":"52","author":"Kobashi\n\u00a0\nY","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"104","article-title":"[Clinical features of pneumothorax in patients with active nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease]","volume":"48","author":"Hagiwara\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"177","article-title":"The many faces of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","volume":"189","author":"Martinez\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"1638","article-title":"Advanced trauma life support, 8th edition, the evidence for change","volume":"64","author":"Kortbeek\n\u00a0\nJB","year":"2008"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"ii39","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"58","author":"Henry\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Emerg Med J","first-page":"383","article-title":"Life threatening haemorrhage after anterior needle aspiration of pneumothoraces. A role for lateral needle aspiration in emergency decompression of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"20","author":"Rawlins\n\u00a0\nR","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"97","article-title":"Complications associated with thoracocentesis","volume":"90","author":"Seneff\n\u00a0\nM","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Is attrition of advanced trauma life support acquired skills affected by trauma patient volume?","volume":"183","author":"Ali\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2002"},{"issue":"11","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Emerg Med J","first-page":"788","article-title":"The right place in the right space? Awareness of site for needle thoracocentesis","volume":"22","author":"Ferrie\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"243","article-title":"Pulmonary disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"133","author":"Glassroth\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis","first-page":"124","article-title":"Mycobacterium intracellulare pleurisy identified on liquid cultures of the pleural fluid and pleural biopsy","volume":"74","author":"Lim\n\u00a0\nJG","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"132","article-title":"Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M kansasii, and M intracellularis infections","volume":"80","author":"Christensen\n\u00a0\nEE","year":"1981"},{"issue":"19","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium pleuritis in a non-immunocompromised patient","volume":"47","author":"Kakugawa\n\u00a0\nT","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","first-page":"588","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and prevalence of pneumothorax in patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease","volume":"19","author":"Hagiwara\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2013"},{"issue":"22","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Intern Med","first-page":"2511","article-title":"Clinical analysis of patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease complicated by pneumothorax","volume":"52","author":"Kobashi\n\u00a0\nY","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi","first-page":"104","article-title":"[Clinical features of pneumothorax in patients with active nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease]","volume":"48","author":"Hagiwara\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol","first-page":"177","article-title":"The many faces of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection","volume":"189","author":"Martinez\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"1638","article-title":"Advanced trauma life support, 8th edition, the evidence for change","volume":"64","author":"Kortbeek\n\u00a0\nJB","year":"2008"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"ii39","article-title":"BTS guidelines for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"58","author":"Henry\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Emerg Med J","first-page":"383","article-title":"Life threatening haemorrhage after anterior needle aspiration of pneumothoraces. A role for lateral needle aspiration in emergency decompression of spontaneous pneumothorax","volume":"20","author":"Rawlins\n\u00a0\nR","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"CHEST","first-page":"97","article-title":"Complications associated with thoracocentesis","volume":"90","author":"Seneff\n\u00a0\nM","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Am J Surg","first-page":"142","article-title":"Is attrition of advanced trauma life support acquired skills affected by trauma patient volume?","volume":"183","author":"Ali\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2002"},{"issue":"11","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Emerg Med J","first-page":"788","article-title":"The right place in the right space? Awareness of site for needle thoracocentesis","volume":"22","author":"Ferrie\n\u00a0\nE","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2015\/1\/article-8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2015\/1\/article-8.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2015\/1\/article-8.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:19:34Z","timestamp":1777310374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2015\/1\/article-8.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2015.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,2]]}}}