{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:54:28Z","timestamp":1777312468115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a food- and water-borne pathogen that can be easily spread in a population, leading to the outbreak of salmonellosis that is caused by ingestion of mixed salads contaminated by the pathogen. Most cases occur in the late spring months and can be seen as single cases, clusters, or episodes.\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This was a retrospective, descriptive study carried out in laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis during 2004\u20132012 from all\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    surveillance centers. Therapeutic records of patients who were clinically suspected of having\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    diseases were analyzed. Initially, cases with typhoid fever were investigated in the laboratory by means of Widal agglutination tests, while non-typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    diseases were determined based on culture technique.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The annual incident of salmonellosis cases were 12.3, 23.0, 30.3, 19.4, 15.3, 18.0, 22.7, 18.5, and 18.1 per 100,000 population in 2006\u20132011 and 2012, respectively. The number of salmonellosis cases was high among less than 2-year-old females and 3-year-old males. In addition, one-fourth of patients (27.7%) were Qatari when compared to other nationalities. A significant difference in age was found between Qatari (6.08\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.28 years) and non-Qatari (15.04\u00a0\u00b1\u00a019.56 years) patients. Of the reported cases, 79.8% included the onset date of the first symptoms. Contact phone numbers were available for 94% of the cases but addresses were available for only 50.4% of cases. The time difference between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 5.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.7 days. The most frequent serotype reported were type b (41.9%), type d (26.9%), and type c1 (12.2%).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The present surveillance data showed a high incidence of salmonellosis in Qatar that poses a serious public health problem. Special intervention and health awareness programs are required for early screening, detection, and treatment as well as for strengthening the surveillance system of salmonellosis, with special emphasis on the laboratory study of cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2016.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T03:39:08Z","timestamp":1563334748000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of salmonellosis in the State of Qatar during 2004\u20132012"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2016","author":[{"given":"Elmoubasher","family":"Farag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Humberto Guanche","family":"Garcell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The Cuban Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Dukhan, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandakumar","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shazia Nadeem N.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Hajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shk. Mohammed Hamad J.","family":"Al Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salih Ali","family":"Al-Marri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamad Eid","family":"Al-Romaihi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Public Health, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"MMWR","first-page":"283","article-title":"Incidence and trends of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 1996\u20132012","volume":"62","author":"Gilliss\n\u00a0\nD","year":"2013"},{"issue":"15","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Euro Surveill.","first-page":"pii\u00a0=\u00a020449","article-title":"The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2011 has been published","volume":"18","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Front Microbiol.","first-page":"288","article-title":"Incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance trends in Salmonella and Shigella infections from children in Yucatan, Mexico","volume":"4","author":"Zaidi\n\u00a0\nMB","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis.","first-page":"e768","article-title":"Etiology of diarrhea in older children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"Fischer Walker\n\u00a0\nCL","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Pediatr Neonatol.","first-page":"147","article-title":"Nontyphoid Salmonella infection: Microbiology, clinical features, and antimicrobial therapy","volume":"54","author":"Chen\n\u00a0\nHM","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"J Infect.","first-page":"374","article-title":"The patient presenting with acute dysentery \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"64.4","author":"Pfeiffer\n\u00a0\nML","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9835","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2489","article-title":"Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease: An emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa","volume":"379","author":"Feasey\n\u00a0\nNA","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"J Infect Dis.","first-page":"675","article-title":"International spread of an epidemic population of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 resistant to ciprofloxacin","volume":"204","author":"Le Hello\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2011"},{"issue":"10","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Antim Agents Chemoth.","first-page":"5096","article-title":"Early strains of multidrug resistant Salmonella enteric serovar Kentucky sequence type 198 from Southeast Asia harbor Salmonella Genomic Island 1-J variants with a novel insertion sequence","volume":"56","author":"Le Hello\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis.","first-page":"302","article-title":"Increase in resistance to ceftriaxone and nonsusceptibility to ciprofloxacin and decrease in multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains, United States, 1996\u20132009","volume":"10","author":"Medalla\n\u00a0\nF","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0011","article-title":"Case definition for surveillance","unstructured":"National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System\n. \nCase definition for surveillance\n. \nSalmonellosis [http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/NNDSS\/script\/casedef.aspx?CondYrID\u00a0=\u00a0844&DatePub\u00a0=\u00a01\/1\/2012]. 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