{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:56:18Z","timestamp":1777312578892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hemoptysis is an alarming symptom in clinical practice. We reviewed ten years of experience with hemoptysis in a tertiary hospital in Qatar to identify hemoptysis etiologies, patient characteristics, and associated factors.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hemoptysis was defined based on severity as mild (\u00a0&lt;\u00a050\u00a0ml or streaks of blood), moderate (50\u2013150\u00a0ml) and massive (&gt;150\u00a0ml) in the 24 hours before admission. Hemodynamically unstable is considered when systolic BP \u00a0&lt;\u00a0100\u00a0mmHg,tachycardia with HR&gt;110\/min, tachypnea with RR&gt;22\/min, or SpO2 \u00a0&lt;\u00a092% on room air.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 102 patients (41 females and 61 males) with 133 episodes of hemoptysis were identified in this study. Among the hemoptysis patients with co-morbidities, 19 patients had hypertension, 17 patients had cardiovascular disease, and 66 patients with other co-morbidities. COPD patients had a significant (p \u00a0&lt;\u00a0 0.02) association with hemoptysis. Chest X-ray was used in most patients and other modalities like CT scan and bronchoscopies were used less frequently. Pneumonia (12.8%), bronchiectasis (11.8%) and cardiovascular disorders (11.8%) are the primary causes of hemoptysis. Malignancy was less frequent (7.8%), and bronchogenic carcinoma was uncommon (2%). There were 24 (23.5 %) no identified causes of hemoptysis. The overall mortality was 9.8% in this study.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Population demographics played a significant role in the severity of hemoptysis and prognosis. Most patients had benign etiologies, lower severity of hemoptysis and good prognosis. Differences in the etiology, initial severity, and prognosis of patients with hemoptysis were found significantly different when compared with those reported in previous studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2019.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T03:38:25Z","timestamp":1563334705000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Etiology and outcome of hemoptysis in Qatar, a high-resource country with a large expatriate population: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Maryam Ali","family":"Al-Nesf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayakumar","family":"Jerobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Aziz","family":"Al-Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"El-Kassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mobayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasleem Raza N.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, P.O. Box 3050"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Postgrad Med","first-page":"101","article-title":"Manifestations of hemoptysis. How to manage minor, moderate, and massive bleeding","volume":"112","author":"Johnson\n\u00a0\nJL","year":"2002 Oct 1"},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Respir Med","first-page":"677","article-title":"Hemoptysis: a retrospective analysis of 108 cases","volume":"96","author":"Fidan\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2002 Sept 1"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Eur Respir J. Oct","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Massive haemoptysis: the definition should be revised","volume":"32","author":"Ibrahim\n\u00a0\nWH","year":"2008 Oct 1"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol","first-page":"215","article-title":"Radiological evaluation and endovascular treatment of hemoptysis","volume":"45","author":"Mej\u00eda\n\u00a0\nAR","year":"2016 May 1"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Glob J Health Sci","first-page":"373","article-title":"Hemoptysis: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of multi detector CT scan and bronchoscopy","volume":"7","author":"Davoodi\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2015 May"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Oman Med J","first-page":"119","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of 334 cases of hemoptysis treated by bronchial artery embolization","volume":"30","author":"Bhalla\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2015 Mar"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Arch Bronconeumol","first-page":"368","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de la hemoptisi","volume":"52","author":"Cordovilla\n\u00a0\nR","year":"2016 Jul 1"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"808","article-title":"A prospective analysis of 184 hemoptysis cases: diagnostic impact of chest X-ray, computed tomography, bronchoscopy","volume":"73","author":"Tsoumakidou\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"440","article-title":"Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"112","author":"Hirshberg\n\u00a0\nB","year":"1997 Aug 1"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis of patients with hemoptysis in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"73","author":"Lee\n\u00a0\nBR","year":"2012 Aug"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"2449","article-title":"A reappraisal of the causes of hemoptysis","volume":"151","author":"Santiago\n\u00a0\nS","year":"1991 Dec 1"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Rev Port Pneumol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hemoptysis\u2014etiology, evaluation and treatment in a university hospital","volume":"17","author":"Pires\n\u00a0\nFS","year":"2011 Jan 1"},{"key":"CIT0013","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0014"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Clin Respir J","first-page":"53","article-title":"Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization","volume":"9","author":"Lee\n\u00a0\nMK","year":"2015 Jan"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"474","article-title":"Etiology and treatment outcomes of massive hemoptysis","volume":"36","author":"Reechaipichitkul\n\u00a0\nW","year":"2005 Mar"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Respir Med","first-page":"548","article-title":"Haemoptysis: aetiology, evaluation and outcome\u2014a prospective study in a third-world country","volume":"95","author":"Abal\n\u00a0\nAT","year":"2001 Jul"},{"key":"CIT0018"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"729","article-title":"Massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis","volume":"128","author":"Flume\n\u00a0\nPA","year":"2005 Aug 1"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr","first-page":"203","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis in a large kindred family in Qatar","volume":"20","author":"Wahab\n\u00a0\nAA","year":"2000 Sept 1"},{"key":"CIT0021"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl","first-page":"370","article-title":"Renal allograft tuberculosis with infected lymphocele transmitted from the donor","volume":"25","author":"Al-Nesf\n\u00a0\nMA","year":"2014 Mar 1"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"1253","article-title":"Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management","volume":"72","author":"Bidwell\n\u00a0\nJL","year":"2005 Oct 1"},{"key":"CIT0024"},{"key":"CIT0025"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Hemoptysis: prospective high-resolution CT\/ bronchoscopic correlation","volume":"105","author":"McGuinness\n\u00a0\nG","year":"1994 Apr 1"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Postgrad Med","first-page":"101","article-title":"Manifestations of hemoptysis. How to manage minor, moderate, and massive bleeding","volume":"112","author":"Johnson\n\u00a0\nJL","year":"2002 Oct 1"},{"issue":"9","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Respir Med","first-page":"677","article-title":"Hemoptysis: a retrospective analysis of 108 cases","volume":"96","author":"Fidan\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2002 Sept 1"},{"issue":"4","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Eur Respir J. 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Bronconeumol","first-page":"368","article-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de la hemoptisi","volume":"52","author":"Cordovilla\n\u00a0\nR","year":"2016 Jul 1"},{"issue":"6","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Respiration","first-page":"808","article-title":"A prospective analysis of 184 hemoptysis cases: diagnostic impact of chest X-ray, computed tomography, bronchoscopy","volume":"73","author":"Tsoumakidou\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"440","article-title":"Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"112","author":"Hirshberg\n\u00a0\nB","year":"1997 Aug 1"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis of patients with hemoptysis in a tertiary referral hospital","volume":"73","author":"Lee\n\u00a0\nBR","year":"2012 Aug"},{"issue":"12","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"2449","article-title":"A reappraisal of the causes of hemoptysis","volume":"151","author":"Santiago\n\u00a0\nS","year":"1991 Dec 1"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Rev Port Pneumol","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hemoptysis\u2014etiology, evaluation and treatment in a university hospital","volume":"17","author":"Pires\n\u00a0\nFS","year":"2011 Jan 1"},{"key":"CIT0013","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0014"},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Clin Respir J","first-page":"53","article-title":"Moderate hemoptysis: recurrent hemoptysis and mortality according to bronchial artery embolization","volume":"9","author":"Lee\n\u00a0\nMK","year":"2015 Jan"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"474","article-title":"Etiology and treatment outcomes of massive hemoptysis","volume":"36","author":"Reechaipichitkul\n\u00a0\nW","year":"2005 Mar"},{"issue":"7","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Respir 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