{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:31Z","timestamp":1777312531287,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Low serum vitamin D levels are reported constantly among females living in the Arabian Gulf countries, presumably due to their lifestyle, which limits direct sun exposure. Because Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in a wide range of ailments, healthy females with the deficiency might be at risk for developing many health problems. Thus, the aim was to assess lifestyle risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in healthy women in Kuwait.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 104, disease-free, premenopausal women were recruited for assessment of their serum 25OHD and intact PTH levels. Physical examination, blood withdrawal and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the relevant data. Associations were detected statistically using nonparametric tests and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Vitamin D deficiency (\u00a0&lt;\u00a025 nmol\/L) occurred in 84.6%, and hyperparathyroidism (\u00a0\u2265\u00a06.9 pmol\/L) occurred in 25% of women, among which all were vitamin D deficient. Significant risk factors of vitamin D deficiency were nondaily milk intake (OR:25, CI%:4.2\u2013147), no fish intake (OR:5, CI%:1\u201322.8), and no weekend sun exposure (OR:8.2, CI%:1.28\u201352.6). Having PTH\u00a0\u2265\u00a06 pmol\/L was also associated with a higher likelihood of having vitamin D deficiency.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Vitamin D deficiency is very common in disease-free, premenopausal Kuwaiti women and can be avoided by improving food consumption and obtaining more sun exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2020.15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T01:30:59Z","timestamp":1594776659000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Poor dietary consumption and limited sun exposure are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in premenopausal Kuwaiti women: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Khulood Othman","family":"Alyahya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Department, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.","first-page":"531","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents","volume":"158","author":"Gordon\n\u00a0\nCM","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Obesity.","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentration, life factors and obesity in Mexican children","volume":"18","author":"Elizondo-Montemayor\n\u00a0\nL","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Public Health Nutr.","first-page":"732","article-title":"Predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adult Bahrainis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Golbahar\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Endokrynol Pol.","first-page":"196","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency an independent risk factor for obesity and abdominal obesity in women?","volume":"63","author":"Tamer\n\u00a0\nG","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Nutr.","first-page":"218","article-title":"Subclinical vitamin D deficiency is increased in adolescent girls who wear concealing clothing","volume":"135","author":"Hatun\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Eur J Gen Pract.","first-page":"146","article-title":"Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in women aged 20-50 years consulting in general practice: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Goaziou\n\u00a0\nMFL","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Arch Osteoporos.","first-page":"178","article-title":"Risk factors of low vitamin D status in adolescent females in Kuwait: implications for high peak bone mass attainment","volume":"9","author":"Alyahya\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Compr Physiol.","first-page":"561","article-title":"PTH and vitamin D","volume":"6","author":"Khundmiri\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Nutrients.","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Vitamin D fortification of fluid milk products and their contribution to vitamin D intake and vitamin D status in observational studies-A review","volume":"10","author":"Itkonen\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Dermatoendocrinol.","first-page":"274","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa: prevalence, risk factors and impact on outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Bassil\n\u00a0\nD","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Ann Nutr Metab.","first-page":"10","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Jordan: dress style and gender discrepancies","volume":"58","author":"Batieha\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Iran. J Health Popul Nutr.","first-page":"149","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population of Isfahan city","volume":"29","author":"Hovsenpian\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health.","first-page":"36","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females-an analytical cohort study in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"35","author":"Narchi\n\u00a0\nH","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J.","first-page":"28","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in adolescent school girls in Western region","author":"Siddiqui\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2007"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr.","first-page":"60","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in healthy children in a sunny country: associated factors","volume":"60","author":"Bener\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2009"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Suadi adults. Saudi Med J.","first-page":"814","volume":"34","author":"Alsuwaida\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"213","article-title":"Vitamin D levels in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait","volume":"17","author":"Alyahya\n\u00a0\nKO","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"BMJ Open.","first-page":"8","article-title":"Vitamin D status among adolescents in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study","author":"Al-Taiar\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0019","article-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick\n\u00a0\nB","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol.","first-page":"93","article-title":"Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology","volume":"75","author":"Sachdeva\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2009"},{"key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Food Nutr Res","first-page":"22671","article-title":"Vitamin D - a systematic literature review for the 5th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations","volume":"57","author":"Lamberg-Allardt\n\u00a0\nC","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0022","series-title":"J Public Health Res.","first-page":"229","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Qatar: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Badawi\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol.","first-page":"550","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in developing countries\u2014prevalence, risk factors and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Arabi\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.","first-page":"81","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D is common in both veiled and nonveiled Bangladeshi women","volume":"15","author":"Islam\n\u00a0\nMZ","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol.","first-page":"2019","article-title":"The effect of clothing on vitamin D status, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density in young Kuwaiti females","author":"Al-Yatama\n\u00a0\nFI","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0026","series-title":"BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of physical activity and sun exposure on vitamin D status of Saudi children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Al-Othman\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"J Clin Invest.","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Aging drecreses the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3","volume":"76","author":"MacLaughlin\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Nutr Res.","first-page":"48","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults","volume":"31","author":"Forrest\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0029","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab.","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Risk factors for variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 concentrations and vitamin D deficiency in children","volume":"97","author":"Tolppanen\n\u00a0\nA-M","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med.","first-page":"325","article-title":"Vitamin D content in fortified low fat milk in Saudi Arabia","volume":"36","author":"Alvi\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Adv Nutr.","first-page":"453","article-title":"Natural vitamin D content in animal products","volume":"4","author":"Schmid\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Nutrition.","first-page":"415","article-title":"Fish as a major source of vitamin D in the Japanese diet","volume":"18","author":"Nakamura\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Public Health Nutr.","first-page":"783","article-title":"Vitamin D status in a rural population of northen Norway with high fish liver consumption","volume":"7","author":"Brustad\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Perm J.","first-page":"15","article-title":"Plant-based diets: a physician's guide","volume":"20","author":"Hever\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr.","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences","volume":"87","author":"Holick\n\u00a0\nMF","year":"2008"},{"key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Endocr Pract.","first-page":"134","article-title":"Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone","volume":"12","author":"Aloia\n\u00a0\nJF","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"Jama.","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D sufficiency, and calcium intake","volume":"294","author":"Steingrimsdottir\n\u00a0\nL","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0038","series-title":"PloS One.","first-page":"10","article-title":"Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and prathyroid hormone in the United States","author":"Kroll\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0039","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab.","first-page":"5069","article-title":"The 25(OH)D\/PTH threshold in black women","volume":"95","author":"Aloia\n\u00a0\nJF","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0040","series-title":"Saudi Arabia. Arch Osteoporos.","first-page":"22","article-title":"Vitamin D cutoff point in relation to parathyroid hormone: a population based study in Riyadh city","volume":"14","author":"AlQuaiz\n\u00a0\nAM","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0041","series-title":"J Transl Med.","first-page":"20","article-title":"Investigation of genetic variation and lifestyle determinants in vitamin D levels in Arab individuals","volume":"16","author":"Mezzavilla\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0042","series-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.","first-page":"76","article-title":"Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Autier\n\u00a0\nP","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0043","series-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res.","first-page":"150","article-title":"The combined effect of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations on glucose homeostasis in older patients with prediabetes: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Karras\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0044","series-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.","first-page":"386","article-title":"PTH and the risk of overall and disease-specific mortality: results of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam","volume":"164","author":"El Hilali\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med.","first-page":"531","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents","volume":"158","author":"Gordon\n\u00a0\nCM","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Obesity.","first-page":"1805","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentration, life factors and obesity in Mexican children","volume":"18","author":"Elizondo-Montemayor\n\u00a0\nL","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Public Health Nutr.","first-page":"732","article-title":"Predictors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in adult Bahrainis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Golbahar\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Endokrynol Pol.","first-page":"196","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency an independent risk factor for obesity and abdominal obesity in women?","volume":"63","author":"Tamer\n\u00a0\nG","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Nutr.","first-page":"218","article-title":"Subclinical vitamin D deficiency is increased in adolescent girls who wear concealing clothing","volume":"135","author":"Hatun\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Eur J Gen Pract.","first-page":"146","article-title":"Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in women aged 20-50 years consulting in general practice: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Goaziou\n\u00a0\nMFL","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Arch Osteoporos.","first-page":"178","article-title":"Risk factors of low vitamin D status in adolescent females in Kuwait: implications for high peak bone mass attainment","volume":"9","author":"Alyahya\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Compr Physiol.","first-page":"561","article-title":"PTH and vitamin D","volume":"6","author":"Khundmiri\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Nutrients.","first-page":"1054","article-title":"Vitamin D fortification of fluid milk products and their contribution to vitamin D intake and vitamin D status in observational studies-A review","volume":"10","author":"Itkonen\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Dermatoendocrinol.","first-page":"274","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in the Middle East and North Africa: prevalence, risk factors and impact on outcomes","volume":"5","author":"Bassil\n\u00a0\nD","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Ann Nutr Metab.","first-page":"10","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Jordan: dress style and gender discrepancies","volume":"58","author":"Batieha\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Iran. J Health Popul Nutr.","first-page":"149","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population of Isfahan city","volume":"29","author":"Hovsenpian\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health.","first-page":"36","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females-an analytical cohort study in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"35","author":"Narchi\n\u00a0\nH","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J.","first-page":"28","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency rickets in adolescent school girls in Western region","author":"Siddiqui\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2007"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr.","first-page":"60","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in healthy children in a sunny country: associated factors","volume":"60","author":"Bener\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2009"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Suadi adults. Saudi Med J.","first-page":"814","volume":"34","author":"Alsuwaida\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"213","article-title":"Vitamin D levels in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Kuwait","volume":"17","author":"Alyahya\n\u00a0\nKO","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"BMJ Open.","first-page":"8","article-title":"Vitamin D status among adolescents in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study","author":"Al-Taiar\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0019","article-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick\n\u00a0\nB","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol.","first-page":"93","article-title":"Fitzpatrick skin typing: applications in dermatology","volume":"75","author":"Sachdeva\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2009"},{"key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Food Nutr Res","first-page":"22671","article-title":"Vitamin D - a systematic literature review for the 5th edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations","volume":"57","author":"Lamberg-Allardt\n\u00a0\nC","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0022","series-title":"J Public Health Res.","first-page":"229","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Qatar: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Badawi\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol.","first-page":"550","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in developing countries\u2014prevalence, risk factors and outcomes","volume":"6","author":"Arabi\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.","first-page":"81","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D is common in both veiled and nonveiled Bangladeshi women","volume":"15","author":"Islam\n\u00a0\nMZ","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Int. J. Endocrinol.","first-page":"2019","article-title":"The effect of clothing on vitamin D status, bone turnover markers, and bone mineral density in young Kuwaiti females","author":"Al-Yatama\n\u00a0\nFI","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0026","series-title":"BMC Pediatr.","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effect of physical activity and sun exposure on vitamin D status of Saudi children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Al-Othman\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"J Clin Invest.","first-page":"1536","article-title":"Aging drecreses the capacity of human skin to produce vitamin D3","volume":"76","author":"MacLaughlin\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Nutr Res.","first-page":"48","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults","volume":"31","author":"Forrest\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0029","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab.","first-page":"1202","article-title":"Risk factors for variation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 concentrations and vitamin D deficiency in children","volume":"97","author":"Tolppanen\n\u00a0\nA-M","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med.","first-page":"325","article-title":"Vitamin D content in fortified low fat milk in Saudi Arabia","volume":"36","author":"Alvi\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Adv Nutr.","first-page":"453","article-title":"Natural vitamin D content in animal products","volume":"4","author":"Schmid\n\u00a0\nA","year":"2013"},{"key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Nutrition.","first-page":"415","article-title":"Fish as a major source of vitamin D in the Japanese diet","volume":"18","author":"Nakamura\n\u00a0\nK","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Public Health Nutr.","first-page":"783","article-title":"Vitamin D status in a rural population of northen Norway with high fish liver consumption","volume":"7","author":"Brustad\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2004"},{"key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Perm J.","first-page":"15","article-title":"Plant-based diets: a physician's guide","volume":"20","author":"Hever\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr.","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency: a worldwide problem with health consequences","volume":"87","author":"Holick\n\u00a0\nMF","year":"2008"},{"key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Endocr Pract.","first-page":"134","article-title":"Reference range for serum parathyroid hormone","volume":"12","author":"Aloia\n\u00a0\nJF","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0037","series-title":"Jama.","first-page":"2336","article-title":"Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D sufficiency, and calcium intake","volume":"294","author":"Steingrimsdottir\n\u00a0\nL","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0038","series-title":"PloS One.","first-page":"10","article-title":"Temporal relationship between vitamin D status and prathyroid hormone in the United States","author":"Kroll\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0039","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab.","first-page":"5069","article-title":"The 25(OH)D\/PTH threshold in black women","volume":"95","author":"Aloia\n\u00a0\nJF","year":"2010"},{"key":"CIT0040","series-title":"Saudi Arabia. Arch Osteoporos.","first-page":"22","article-title":"Vitamin D cutoff point in relation to parathyroid hormone: a population based study in Riyadh city","volume":"14","author":"AlQuaiz\n\u00a0\nAM","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0041","series-title":"J Transl Med.","first-page":"20","article-title":"Investigation of genetic variation and lifestyle determinants in vitamin D levels in Arab individuals","volume":"16","author":"Mezzavilla\n\u00a0\nM","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0042","series-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.","first-page":"76","article-title":"Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Autier\n\u00a0\nP","year":"2014"},{"key":"CIT0043","series-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res.","first-page":"150","article-title":"The combined effect of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations on glucose homeostasis in older patients with prediabetes: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Karras\n\u00a0\nS","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0044","series-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol.","first-page":"386","article-title":"PTH and the risk of overall and disease-specific mortality: results of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam","volume":"164","author":"El Hilali\n\u00a0\nJ","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2020\/1\/article-15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2020\/1\/article-15.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2020\/1\/article-15.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:20:35Z","timestamp":1777310435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2020\/1\/article-15.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2020.15","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]}}}