{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:59Z","timestamp":1777312559176,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":288,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Pain management is an evolving area of expertise in Qatar. Gaps in knowledge, inadequate training for physicians and nurses, and the absence of policies\/guidelines are the main barriers to effective pain management in Qatar. In addition, the use of certain pain medication, especially opioids, is highly regulated, limiting their availability in outpatient pain management. These factors are responsible for the undertreatment of pain in Qatar. This study aimed to standardize evidence-based local recommendations for pharmacological treatment of pain in Qatar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: An expert panel of physicians from different disciplines, with experience in diagnosis and treatment of the three pain types (i.e., acute, chronic, and neuropathic), was convened for two face-to-face meetings in Doha, Qatar, on November 29, 2019, and on February 22, 2020, with subsequent virtual meetings. A literature search was performed on Medline and Google Scholar databases from inception till December 2019, and all relevant articles were selected. Based on these articles and repeated feedback from the authors, the final pain treatment protocols were developed.Results: Recommendations for the treatment of acute pain, based on pain severity, followed three approaches: acetaminophen\/paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for mild pain and moderate pain and referral to a pain specialist for severe pain. Acetaminophen\/paracetamol or NSAIDs is recommended for chronic pain, and the use of opioids was strongly discouraged because of its long-term side effects. For neuropathic pain, tricyclic antidepressants or gabapentin or pregabalin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors were recommended first-line agents. Non-responders must be referred to neurologists or a pain specialist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: The expert panel provides recommendations for the management of acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain based on international guidelines adapted to local practice and treatment availability in Qatar. More importantly, the panel has recommended taking extreme caution in the use of opioids for long-term management of chronic pain and to refer the patient to a pain specialist clinician as required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2021.19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T06:32:03Z","timestamp":1626157923000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Expert review and recommendations for the management of acute, chronic, and neuropathic pain in Qatar"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Amr","family":"Elmoheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Medicine Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: AElmoheen@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Nazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pain Management Section, Department of Anesthesiology, ICU and Perioperative Medicine, Al Wakra Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Zubaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn\u2013A Division of Pfizer, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urooj A.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn\u2013A Division of Pfizer, Dubai, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alhatou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Al Khor Hospital, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1(Suppl 1):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend","first-page":"S11\u2013S21","article-title":"Providing chronic pain management in the \u201cFifth Vital Sign\u201d Era: Historical and treatment perspectives on a modern-day medical dilemma","author":"Tompkins\n \nDA\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Pain","first-page":"1976\u201382","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Raja\n \nSN\n,","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am","first-page":"407\u201318","article-title":"The role of pain classification systems in pain management","volume":"29","author":"Orr\n \nPM\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Rev Pain","first-page":"13\u20137","article-title":"Acute pain in the emergency department: The challenges","volume":"5","author":"Keating\n \nL\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"299","article-title":"Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"8","author":"Wu\n \nA\n,","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"J Prim Care Community Health","first-page":"2207","article-title":"An epidemiologic analysis of low back pain in primary care: a hot humid country and global comparison","volume":"4","author":"Bener\n \nA\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(12):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"2439\u201349","article-title":"Prevalence, consequences and predictors of low back pain among nurses in a tertiary care setting","volume":"39","author":"Abolfotouh\n \nSM\n,","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"668\u201378","article-title":"Efficacy and adverse effects of buprenorphine in acute pain management: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"120","author":"White\n \nLD\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","first-page":"96\u2013106","article-title":"Undertreatment of acute pain (oligoanalgesia) and medical practice variation in prehospital analgesia of adult trauma patients: a 10 yr retrospective study","volume":"110","author":"Albrecht\n \nE\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"2:","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"J Pain Res","first-page":"5\u201311","article-title":"Problems and barriers of pain management in the emergency department: Are we ever going to get better","author":"Motov\n \nSM\n,","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Anesthesiol Clin","first-page":"271\u201385","article-title":"Advanced concepts and controversies in emergency department pain\u00a0management","volume":"34","author":"Motov\n \nSM\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Ann Fam Med","first-page":"102\u201311","article-title":"Effect of stratified care for low back pain in family practice (IMPaCT Back): a prospective population-based sequential comparison","volume":"12","author":"Foster\n \nNE\n,","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Int Med Res","first-page":"1123\u201341","article-title":"A, et al. 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