{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:58Z","timestamp":1777312558567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Clinical methods that are generally used to evaluate the completeness of medical abortion are not reliable. Ultrasound imaging and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG) measurements are used to diagnose completed medical abortion, but a precise evaluation of these two methods has shown contradictory results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the agreement of serum \u03b2-hCG measurement and ultrasound imaging to confirm complete medical abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on pregnant women who had been referred to our center for medical abortion from 2015 to 2017. All cases occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. They obtained one or two doses of vaginal misoprostol for medical abortion. Success rate of medical abortion was measured by both transvaginal ultrasound imaging and consecutive serum \u03b2-hCG measurements two to four weeks after initial treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Among the 275 women who completed the study, complete medical abortion was confirmed by serum \u03b2-hCG in 231 women (84.3%) and transvaginal ultrasound imaging in 195 women (70.8%) after two weeks. All remaining cases completed the medical abortion after an additional two weeks, confirmed by both transvaginal ultrasound imaging and serum \u03b2-hCG. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of \u03b2-hCG were 95.2%, 86.7%, 84%, and 70%, respectively; and these values for transvaginal ultrasound imaging were 68.5% 64.5%,77%, and 30.%, respectively, for the diagnosis of completed medical abortion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Serum \u03b2-hCG measurement is as effective as transvaginal ultrasound imaging to confirm successful medical abortion in early pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2021.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T09:31:10Z","timestamp":1626168670000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating the agreement of ultrasound imaging and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-hCG) measurement in confirming completed medical abortion: cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Mahboubeh","family":"Peracheh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Batool","family":"Teymouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail: drghasemi@zaums.ac.ir; drghasemim@yahoo.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narjes","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail: drghasemi@zaums.ac.ir; drghasemim@yahoo.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taraneh","family":"Arbabzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Perinatology, Shohaday Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran E-mail: drghasemi@zaums.ac.ir; drghasemim@yahoo.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Sci J Al-Azhar Med Fac Girls","first-page":"264","article-title":"Ultrasonograph versus \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin titer for verification of termination of missed first trimester miscarriage","volume":"2","author":"Nassef\n \nAH\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Pak J Med Sci","first-page":"1367\u201370","article-title":"Misoprostol abortion: ultrasonography versus beta-hCG testing for verification of effectiveness","volume":"29","author":"Behnamfar\n \nF\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"63:","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol","first-page":"87\u2013110","article-title":"Self-managed abortion: a systematic scoping review","author":"Moseson\n \nH\n,","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(115):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"Iran J Nurs","first-page":"51\u201361","article-title":"The prevalence and influential factors of abortion in the women in the rural areas of Fars Province, Iran (2015)","volume":"31","author":"Mahmoudiani\n \nS\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Population","first-page":"217\u2013306","article-title":"Abortion around the world. An overview of legislation, measures, trends, and consequences","volume":"73","author":"Guillaume\n \nA\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"975\u201381","article-title":"Decline of serum human chorionic gonadotropin and spontaneous complete abortion: defining the normal curve","volume":"104","author":"Barnhart\n \nK\n,","year":"2004;"},{"key":"CIT0007","article-title":"Abortion worldwide: a decade of uneven progress","author":"Susheela\n \nS\n,","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"TM & IH","first-page":"1128\u201333","article-title":"Unsafe abortion in urban and rural Tanzania: method, provider and consequences","volume":"14","author":"Rasch\n \nV\n,","year":"2009;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"137\u201347","article-title":"Efficacy of misoprostol alone for first-trimester medical abortion: a systematic review","volume":"133","author":"Raymond\n \nEG\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Health Policy Plan","first-page":"300\u201310","article-title":"Exploring the determinants of unsafe abortion: improving the evidence base in Mexico","volume":"25","author":"Sousa\n \nA\n,","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"PLOS ONE","first-page":"e0210449","article-title":"Medical versus surgical treatment of first trimester spontaneous abortion: a cost-minimization analysis","volume":"14","author":"Cubo Nava\n \nA\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"1664","article-title":"Misoprostol for medical treatment of missed abortion: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Wu\n \nHL\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Contraception","first-page":"27\u201331","article-title":"Clinicians' perception of sonogram indication for mifepristone abortion up to 63 days","volume":"66","author":"Fielding\n \nSL\n,","year":"2002;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Eur J Contracep Reprod Health Care","first-page":"458\u201363","article-title":"Serum hCG threshold to assess medical abortion success","volume":"23","author":"Le Lous\n \nM\n,","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Can J Rural Med","first-page":"28\u201329","article-title":"MD, Tony Locke MD, Peter Rogers MD. Point-of-care ultrasonography training for rural family medicine residentsits time has arrived","volume":"21","author":"Micks\n \nT\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"2037","article-title":"hCG: biological functions and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Nwabuobi\n \nC\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Mol Med Rep","first-page":"2902\u20138","article-title":"Evaluation of serum biomarkers and efficacy of MTX in women with ectopic pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Li\n \nH\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"Cd007223","article-title":"Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage","volume":"1","author":"Kim\n \nC\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India","first-page":"239\u201343","article-title":"A study of incomplete abortion following medical method of abortion (MMA)","volume":"66","author":"Pawde\n \nAA\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"SSU_Journals","first-page":"29\u201334","article-title":"Evaluation of results of medical treatment of first trimester incomplete abortion with methyl ergonovine maleate (methergine)","volume":"12","author":"Sakhavat\n \nL\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet","first-page":"S52-S55","article-title":"Contraception following abortion and the treatment of incomplete abortion","volume":"126","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson\n \nK\n,","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(52):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"7585\u201395","article-title":"Postpartum endometritis and infection following incomplete or complete abortion: case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data","volume":"37","author":"Rouse\n \nC\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"607\u201313","article-title":"Medical abortion follow-up with serum human chorionic gonadotropin compared with ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Dayananda\n \nI\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Contraception","first-page":"131\u20135","article-title":"Medication abortion employing routine sequential measurements of serum hCG and sonography only when indicated","volume":"75","author":"Clark\n \nW\n,","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Contraception","first-page":"503\u20136","article-title":"Early serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trends after medication abortion","volume":"91","author":"Pocius\n \nKD\n,","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"104\u20139","article-title":"Endometrial thickness following medical abortion is not predictive of subsequent surgical intervention","volume":"34","author":"Reeves\n \nMF\n,","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Biomed Res J","article-title":"The diagnosis of acephalocystis racemose and missed abortion based on transvaginal ultrasonography and serum B-HCG monitoring","author":"Peng\n \nY\n,","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"1107\u201316","article-title":"Biomarkers for ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of unknown location","volume":"99","author":"Senapati\n \nS\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Modulation of the endocannabinoid system in viable and non-viable first trimester pregnancies by pregnancy-related hormones","volume":"9","author":"Taylor\n \nAH\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol","first-page":"96\u201399","article-title":"Risk factors for rupture in tubal ectopic pregnancy: definition of the clinical findings","volume":"154","author":"Goksedef\n \nBP\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"60\u20137","article-title":"Methotrexate or expectant management in women with an ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location and low serum hCG concentrations. 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Point-of-care ultrasonography training for rural family medicine residentsits time has arrived","volume":"21","author":"Micks\n \nT\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"2037","article-title":"hCG: biological functions and clinical applications","volume":"18","author":"Nwabuobi\n \nC\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Mol Med Rep","first-page":"2902\u20138","article-title":"Evaluation of serum biomarkers and efficacy of MTX in women with ectopic pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"Li\n \nH\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"Cd007223","article-title":"Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage","volume":"1","author":"Kim\n \nC\n,","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India","first-page":"239\u201343","article-title":"A study of incomplete abortion following medical method of abortion (MMA)","volume":"66","author":"Pawde\n \nAA\n,","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"SSU_Journals","first-page":"29\u201334","article-title":"Evaluation of results of medical treatment of first trimester incomplete abortion with methyl ergonovine maleate (methergine)","volume":"12","author":"Sakhavat\n \nL\n,","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"Suppl 1:","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet","first-page":"S52-S55","article-title":"Contraception following abortion and the treatment of incomplete abortion","volume":"126","author":"Gemzell-Danielsson\n \nK\n,","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(52):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"7585\u201395","article-title":"Postpartum endometritis and infection following incomplete or complete abortion: case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data","volume":"37","author":"Rouse\n \nC\n,","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"607\u201313","article-title":"Medical abortion follow-up with serum human chorionic gonadotropin compared with ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Dayananda\n \nI\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Contraception","first-page":"131\u20135","article-title":"Medication abortion employing routine sequential measurements of serum hCG and sonography only when indicated","volume":"75","author":"Clark\n \nW\n,","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"Contraception","first-page":"503\u20136","article-title":"Early serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trends after medication abortion","volume":"91","author":"Pocius\n \nKD\n,","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0026","series-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"104\u20139","article-title":"Endometrial thickness following medical abortion is not predictive of subsequent surgical intervention","volume":"34","author":"Reeves\n \nMF\n,","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0027","series-title":"Biomed Res J","article-title":"The diagnosis of acephalocystis racemose and missed abortion based on transvaginal ultrasonography and serum B-HCG monitoring","author":"Peng\n \nY\n,","year":"2018"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"1107\u201316","article-title":"Biomarkers for ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of unknown location","volume":"99","author":"Senapati\n \nS\n,","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol","first-page":"152","article-title":"Modulation of the endocannabinoid system in viable and non-viable first trimester pregnancies by pregnancy-related hormones","volume":"9","author":"Taylor\n \nAH\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol","first-page":"96\u201399","article-title":"Risk factors for rupture in tubal ectopic pregnancy: definition of the clinical findings","volume":"154","author":"Goksedef\n \nBP\n,","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"60\u20137","article-title":"Methotrexate or expectant management in women with an ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy of unknown location and low serum hCG concentrations. 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