{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:56:00Z","timestamp":1777312560695,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Metastases to the pituitary gland are extremely rare with an incidence rate reported from an autopsy series of 1.8%\u201312%, and only 20% was diagnosed clinically. Tumors that commonly metastasize are breast and lung tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Case series: We present a series of five cases, including four female patients and one male patient with metastatic cancer. Two women had metastatic small lung cancer and presented with diabetes insipidus (DI). Two women had metastatic breast cancer, of which one presented with DI and the other with panhypopituitarism. The male patient had bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and presented with DI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Our case series confirmed earlier reports that DI is the most common presentation of metastases to the pituitary gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2021.38","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T12:31:31Z","timestamp":1631190691000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A tale of many tumors and one endocrine site: A case series of pituitary metastases"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Dabbous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muna","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, Scotland E-mail: zdabbous@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silas","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, Scotland E-mail: zdabbous@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Hassoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, Scotland E-mail: zdabbous@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarik","family":"Elhadd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"260\u2013265","article-title":"Intracranial metastatic disease rarely involves the pituitary: Retrospective analysis of 935 metastases in 155 patients and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 13:","author":"Marsh\n \nJC\n,"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Onkologie","first-page":"66\u201369 1988","article-title":"Clinical aspects of hypophyseal metastases","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Szuwart\n \nU\n,"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"998\u20131002 1981","article-title":"Pituitary metastasis: Incidence in cancer patients and clinical differentiation from pituitary adenoma","volume":"Volume 31","author":"Max\n \nMB\n,"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"469\u2013474 1987","article-title":"Metastatic tumors of the sella turcica masquerading as primary pituitary tumors","volume":"Volume 65","author":"Branch\n \nCL\n,"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"173\u2013177","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis in the pituitary gland: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 63","author":"Karamouzis\n \nMV\n,"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"921\u2013925","article-title":"Follicular thyroid carcinoma with metastases to the pituitary causing pituitary insufficiency","volume":"Volume 21","author":"Vianello\n \nF\n,"},{"key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"251\u2013259 2007","article-title":"Symptomatic pituitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma","volume":"Volume 10","author":"Gopan\n \nT\n,"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"575\u2013587 2014","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical characteristic features of metastatic cancer to the sella turcica: An analytical review","volume":"Volume 17","author":"Al-Aridi\n \nR\n,"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"74\u201385 1950","article-title":"Metastases in carcinoma. Analysis of 1000 autopsied cases","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Abrams\n \nHL\n,"},{"key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Oncology","first-page":"533\u2013542 1973","article-title":"Metastatic cancer of the pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 27","author":"Kovacs\n \nK\n,"},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"478\u2013480 1970","article-title":"Metastatic lesions in the sella turcica and pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 25","author":"Roessmann\n \nU\n,"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"236\u2013269 1999","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"Volume 78","author":"Gsponer\n \nJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"216\u2013220 1975","article-title":"Clinicopathologic review of 88 cases of carcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 36","author":"Teears\n \nRJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"69\u201373 1998","article-title":"Symptomatic pituitary metastases","volume":"Volume 89","author":"Morita\n \nA\n,"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"131\u2013136 1984","article-title":"Endocrine organ metastases from breast carcinoma","volume":"Volume 114","author":"De La Monte\n \nSM\n,"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"656\u2013659 1970","article-title":"Clinical features of tumor metastasis to the pituitary","volume":"Volume 26","author":"Houck\n \nWA\n,"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"43\u201347 1995","article-title":"[Diabetes insipidus caused by metastasis to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. Apropos of 4 cases]","volume":"Volume 22","author":"Carsin-Nicol\n \nB\n,"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"94\u201399 1996","article-title":"Pituitary gland metastases","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Sioutos\n \nP\n,"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Cent Eur J Med","first-page":"475\u2013479","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus due to pituitary metastasis in a woman with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Hsiao\n \nCH\n,"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"574\u2013580 2004","article-title":"Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland:  Case report and literature review","volume":"Volume 89","author":"Komninos\n \nJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"383\u2013386 1987","article-title":"Metastasis within a pituitary adenoma presenting with bilateral abducens palsies: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 21","author":"Zager\n \nEL\n,"},{"key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"260\u2013265","article-title":"Intracranial metastatic disease rarely involves the pituitary: Retrospective analysis of 935 metastases in 155 patients and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 13:","author":"Marsh\n \nJC\n,"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Onkologie","first-page":"66\u201369 1988","article-title":"Clinical aspects of hypophyseal metastases","volume":"Volume 11","author":"Szuwart\n \nU\n,"},{"key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"998\u20131002 1981","article-title":"Pituitary metastasis: Incidence in cancer patients and clinical differentiation from pituitary adenoma","volume":"Volume 31","author":"Max\n \nMB\n,"},{"key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"469\u2013474 1987","article-title":"Metastatic tumors of the sella turcica masquerading as primary pituitary tumors","volume":"Volume 65","author":"Branch\n \nCL\n,"},{"key":"CIT0005","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"173\u2013177","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis in the pituitary gland: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 63","author":"Karamouzis\n \nMV\n,"},{"key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Thyroid","first-page":"921\u2013925","article-title":"Follicular thyroid carcinoma with metastases to the pituitary causing pituitary insufficiency","volume":"Volume 21","author":"Vianello\n \nF\n,"},{"key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"251\u2013259 2007","article-title":"Symptomatic pituitary metastases from renal cell carcinoma","volume":"Volume 10","author":"Gopan\n \nT\n,"},{"key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Pituitary","first-page":"575\u2013587 2014","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical characteristic features of metastatic cancer to the sella turcica: An analytical review","volume":"Volume 17","author":"Al-Aridi\n \nR\n,"},{"key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"74\u201385 1950","article-title":"Metastases in carcinoma. Analysis of 1000 autopsied cases","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Abrams\n \nHL\n,"},{"key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Oncology","first-page":"533\u2013542 1973","article-title":"Metastatic cancer of the pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 27","author":"Kovacs\n \nK\n,"},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"478\u2013480 1970","article-title":"Metastatic lesions in the sella turcica and pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 25","author":"Roessmann\n \nU\n,"},{"key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"236\u2013269 1999","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of pituitary tumors and other abnormal intrasellar masses. Retrospective analysis of 353 patients","volume":"Volume 78","author":"Gsponer\n \nJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"216\u2013220 1975","article-title":"Clinicopathologic review of 88 cases of carcinoma metastatic to the pituitary gland","volume":"Volume 36","author":"Teears\n \nRJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0014","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"69\u201373 1998","article-title":"Symptomatic pituitary metastases","volume":"Volume 89","author":"Morita\n \nA\n,"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Am J Pathol","first-page":"131\u2013136 1984","article-title":"Endocrine organ metastases from breast carcinoma","volume":"Volume 114","author":"De La Monte\n \nSM\n,"},{"key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"656\u2013659 1970","article-title":"Clinical features of tumor metastasis to the pituitary","volume":"Volume 26","author":"Houck\n \nWA\n,"},{"key":"CIT0017","series-title":"J Neuroradiol","first-page":"43\u201347 1995","article-title":"[Diabetes insipidus caused by metastasis to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. Apropos of 4 cases]","volume":"Volume 22","author":"Carsin-Nicol\n \nB\n,"},{"key":"CIT0018","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"94\u201399 1996","article-title":"Pituitary gland metastases","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Sioutos\n \nP\n,"},{"key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Cent Eur J Med","first-page":"475\u2013479","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus due to pituitary metastasis in a woman with lung adenocarcinoma: A case report","volume":"Volume 6","author":"Hsiao\n \nCH\n,"},{"key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"574\u2013580 2004","article-title":"Tumors metastatic to the pituitary gland:  Case report and literature review","volume":"Volume 89","author":"Komninos\n \nJ\n,"},{"key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"383\u2013386 1987","article-title":"Metastasis within a pituitary adenoma presenting with bilateral abducens palsies: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"Volume 21","author":"Zager\n \nEL\n,"}],"container-title":["Qatar Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2021\/2\/article-38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2021\/2\/article-38.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/qmj\/2021\/2\/article-38.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:21:16Z","timestamp":1777310476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.qscience.com\/view\/journals\/qmj\/2021\/2\/article-38.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5339\/qmj.2021.38","relation":{},"ISSN":["2227-0426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2227-0426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]}}}