{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:50Z","timestamp":1777312550970,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Blood groups are inherited traits that affect the susceptibility\/severity of a disease. A clear relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ABO blood groups is yet to be established in the Indian population. This study aimed to demonstrate an association of the distribution and severity of COVID-19 with ABO blood groups.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethics approval (IEC 207\/20) among hospitalized patients using in-patient records and analyzed on SPSS-25. Chi-square tests were used for the analysis of categorical data and independent sample t-test\/Mann\u2013Whitney U tests were used for continuous data.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The B blood group had the highest prevalence among COVID-19-positive patients. The AB blood group was significantly associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.03), sepsis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.02), and septic shock (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.02). The O blood group was associated with significantly lower rates of lymphopenia and leucocytosis. However, no significant clinical association was seen in the O blood group.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study has demonstrated that blood groups have a similar distribution among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the South Indian population. Additionally, it preludes to a possible association between the AB blood group and ARDS, sepsis, and septic shock. Further studies having a larger representation of AB blood groups, especially in patients hospitalized for critical COVID-19, with adjustment for possible covariates, are warranted to provide a reliable estimate of the risk in the South Indian population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2021.63","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T10:30:49Z","timestamp":1637922649000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Are blood groups related to the distribution and severity of COVID-19? A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in South India"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Elaina","family":"Pasangha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India E-mail: drsoumya239@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arkadeep","family":"Dhali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India E-mail: drsoumya239@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India E-mail: drsoumya239@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Umesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"727\u201333","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0002","article-title":"[cited 2020 Nov 3]"},{"key":"CIT0003","article-title":"[cited 2021 May 8]"},{"issue":"(18):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1708\u201320","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(11):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus\u2013Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0006","first-page":"373\u20134","article-title":"Hypertension and COVID-19","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(6):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr","first-page":"1625\u201330","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 and comorbidities on health and economics: Focus on developing countries and India","volume":"14","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(13):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1239\u201342","article-title":"Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72-314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"J Clin Lab Anal","first-page":"e23618","article-title":"Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Med Clin Engl Ed","first-page":"143\u201351","article-title":"Crucial laboratory parameters in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"155","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0011","article-title":"[cited 2020 Nov 10]"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"24\u20137","article-title":"Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia","volume":"190","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(23):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"4635\u201343","article-title":"The relationship between blood groups and disease","volume":"115","year":"2010"},{"issue":"(6806):","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"815\u20138","article-title":"Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness","volume":"303","year":"1991"},{"key":"CIT0015","series-title":"MedRxiv Prepr Serv Health Sci","article-title":"Testing the association between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(20):","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"Blood Adv","first-page":"4981\u20139","article-title":"The association of ABO blood group with indices of disease severity and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19","volume":"4","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Transfus Clin Biol J Soc Francaise Transfus Sang","first-page":"253\u20138","article-title":"ABO blood group system is associated with COVID-19 mortality: An epidemiological investigation in the Indian population","volume":"27","year":"2020"},{"key":"CIT0018","article-title":"The association of ABO blood group with the asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in India [Internet]"},{"key":"CIT0019","article-title":"Our World in Data. 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