{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:55:55Z","timestamp":1777312555837,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"Background: Depression and anxiety are major health problems found to be associated with various conditions. COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has a substantial effect on the worldwide population. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among male patients with COVID-19 and explore their relationship with participants\u2019 characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among expatriate male patients with COVID-19 admitted to Lebsayyer Field Hospital in Qatar with mild COVID-19 (according to World Health Organization classification) from July till August 2020. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula based on disease prevalence. All eligible patients were invited to participate until reaching 400 participants, who then completed an anonymous survey of sociodemographic questions, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire, which are validated screening tools for depression and anxiety, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n \n Results: Of the 400 participants, 148 (37.0%) and 77 (19.3%) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Depression was more prevalent among those 40\u201349 years old (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.029), while anxiety was more prevalent among people aged \u00a0\u2265\u00a050 (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.456). Both depression (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.009) and anxiety (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.042) were more prevalent among Bangladeshi, followed by Filipino participants. Depression was more prevalent among those with the highest income (> 15,000 QR;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.004), in contrast to anxiety, which was more prevalent among those with the lowest monthly income (\u00a0<\u00a0 2,000 QR;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.039).\n <\/jats:p>\n Conclusion: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms is high among the study participants. Associated factors identified by the study were unsteady income, poor self-rated health, living with family, Southeast Asian ethnicity, and age group of 40\u201349 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2021.68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T06:30:57Z","timestamp":1638426657000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of depression and anxiety among male patients with COVID-19 in Lebsayyer Field Hospital, Qatar"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Nashwan","family":"Zainal Deen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar E-mail: Ndeen@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Al-Sharafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar E-mail: Ndeen@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar E-mail: Ndeen@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Mushtaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar E-mail: Ndeen@hamad.qa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Nofal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Adil Shah Khoodoruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulla","family":"Al-Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Nat Microbiol","first-page":"536\u201344","article-title":"The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(May):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Clin Chim 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China","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(February):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract","first-page":"101129","article-title":"Non-pharmacological treatments of inpatients with major depression\u2013the case of Polish (Poznan) and German (Kiel) hospital","volume":"39","year":"2020;"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"p. 1090\u2013107","article-title":"Anxiety and depression","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Public Health Rev","first-page":"1\u201317","article-title":"Anxiety and depression: linkages with viral diseases","volume":"34","year":"2012;"},{"issue":"(21):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1\u201322","article-title":"COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: A narrative review","volume":"17","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the 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[cited Aug 6 2021]"},{"issue":"(18):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1737\u201344","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study","volume":"282","year":"1999; November 10;"},{"issue":"365:","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"l1476","article-title":"Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(JULY):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Front Psychol","first-page":"1\u20138","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample","volume":"10","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Psychol Med","first-page":"1187\u201395","article-title":"Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome 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J Psychiatry","first-page":"109\u201313","article-title":"Mental health issues among migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: literature review and case illustrations","volume":"10","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Nat Microbiol","first-page":"536\u201344","article-title":"The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2","volume":"5","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(May):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Clin Chim Acta","first-page":"254\u201366","article-title":"COVID-19: transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities","volume":"508","year":"2020;"},{"key":"CIT0003","article-title":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic [online] [cited May 2 2021]"},{"key":"CIT0004","article-title":"Main results of the general census of population, housing and Establishments 2020"},{"key":"CIT0005","article-title":"Media center [online] [cited May 14 2020]"},{"key":"CIT0006","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [online] [cited Aug 6 2021]"},{"key":"CIT0007","article-title":"Media center [online] [cited May 14 2020]"},{"key":"CIT0008","article-title":"Media center [online] [cited May 14 2020]"},{"issue":"26:","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"e924609","article-title":"Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(February):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract","first-page":"101129","article-title":"Non-pharmacological treatments of inpatients with major depression\u2013the case of Polish (Poznan) and German (Kiel) hospital","volume":"39","year":"2020;"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"p. 1090\u2013107","article-title":"Anxiety and depression","year":"2016"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"Public Health Rev","first-page":"1\u201317","article-title":"Anxiety and depression: linkages with viral diseases","volume":"34","year":"2012;"},{"issue":"(21):","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"1\u201322","article-title":"COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: A narrative review","volume":"17","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"CIT0014","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China","volume":"17","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0015","series-title":"Depress Anxiety","first-page":"247\u201354","article-title":"Risk of psychological sequelae among coronavirus disease-2019 survivors: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea","volume":"38","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(8)","key":"CIT0016","series-title":"PLOS ONE","article-title":"Anxiety and depressive symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China","volume":"15","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"13:","key":"CIT0017","series-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag","first-page":"823\u201330","article-title":"Depression and Coping Among COVID-19-Infected Individuals After 10 Days of Mandatory in-Hospital Quarantine, Irbid, Jordan","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J Gen Intern Med","first-page":"606\u201313","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","year":"2001;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"1092\u20137","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry","first-page":"32","article-title":"An Arabic translation, reliability, and validation of Patient Health Questionnaire in a Saudi sample","volume":"16","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Postgrad Med","first-page":"102\u20137","article-title":"Translation and validation of brief patient health questionnaire against DSM IV as a tool to diagnose major depressive disorder in Indian patients","volume":"53","year":"2007;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"J Indian Med Assoc","first-page":"544\u20137","article-title":"Bengali adaptation of Brief Patient Health Questionnaire for screening depression at primary care","volume":"102","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"1166\u201370","article-title":"Urdu translation and validation of PHQ-9, a reliable identification, severity and treatment outcome tool for depression","volume":"68","year":"2018;"},{"issue":"239:","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Psychiatry Res","first-page":"245\u201352","article-title":"Adaptation and initial validation of the patient health questionnaire\u20139 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(10):","key":"CIT0025","series-title":"J Pak Med Assoc","first-page":"1536\u201340","article-title":"Urdu translation and validation of GAD-7: A screening and rating tool for anxiety symptoms in primary health care","volume":"67","year":"2017 October;"},{"key":"CIT0026","article-title":"Welcome to the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) screeners [online] [cited Aug 6 2021]"},{"issue":"(18):","key":"CIT0027","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1737\u201344","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study","volume":"282","year":"1999; November 10;"},{"issue":"365:","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"l1476","article-title":"Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(JULY):","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Front Psychol","first-page":"1\u20138","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the GAD-7 in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample","volume":"10","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(7):","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"Psychol Med","first-page":"1187\u201395","article-title":"Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)","volume":"34","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(87):","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Brain Behav Immun","first-page":"49\u201350","article-title":"The differential psychological distress of populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"87","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care","first-page":"89\u201395","article-title":"The prevalence and burden of psychiatric disorders in primary health care visits in Qatar: too little time","volume":"4","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand","first-page":"243\u201358","article-title":"Migration and mental health","volume":"109","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Psychiatry","first-page":"374\u201381","article-title":"Migration and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"80","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0035","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e045794","article-title":"Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic within institutional quarantine and isolation centres and its sociodemographic correlates in Qatar: A cross-sectional study","volume":"11","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(July):","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"Front Psychiatry","first-page":"748","article-title":"Multidimensional 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