{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T14:13:21Z","timestamp":1788012801258,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health concern, which can lead to severe diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Most studies have compared equimolar unit-to-unit doses of vitamin D2 and D3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: The current study aimed to answer the research question: \u201cHow effective is vitamin D2 (600,000 U\/1.5 ml) compared to vitamin D3 (300,000 U\/1 ml) parenteral supplementation for raising serum vitamin D levels in adult patients treated in a primary health care setting?\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Setting: Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) runs 28 health centers distributed throughout the State of Qatar and its capital city, Doha. Qatar is on the east coast of the Arabic peninsula, with very hot and sunny summers and a desert climate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study design: This was a retrospective observational cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Method: A total of 15,716 participants were recruited following ethical approval. They were identified by electronic medical records (EMR) describing the clinical encounters of individuals aged 18 to 60-years-old who attended a health center operated by the PHCC during the 3.5-year study period from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020. The PHCC EMR system uses SNOMED codes (a systematically organized computer-processable collection of medical terms providing codes, names, synonyms, and definitions implemented for clinical documentation and reporting). Four study groups were created depending on the type of vitamin D injection and the oral form of replacement therapy. The analysis scheme used the serum vitamin D level within the preceding 4 weeks (pretreatment), followed by administration of the treatment dose. The post-treatment serum testing value should have been available within a maximum of 12 weeks. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBMSPSS; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) version 23 software was used for the statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Four treatment options were compared, including a vitamin D2 injection, a vitamin D3 injection, combined use of a vitamin D2 injection +\u00a0a D2 tablet, and combined use of a vitamin D3 injection +\u00a0a D2 tablet. All four treatment groups were associated with a statistically significant increase in serum vitamin D within a maximum of 12 weeks of follow-up. The vitamin D2 injection alone was associated with the lowest increase in serum concentration by a mean of 3.2 ng\/ml. In contrast, the vitamin D3 injection alone or with a D2 tablet increased serum vitamin D by 6.1 and 5.6 ng\/ml, respectively. Using the combination of a vitamin D2 injection and a tablet only added a marginal increase of 2.3 ng\/ml in serum vitamin D on top of the 3.2 ng\/ml increase attained after administering the D2 injection alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Utilizing vitamin D3 in an injectable form is the best choice to restore severe vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, it was superior to the injectable form of vitamin D2, even though vitamin D2 has double the molar units.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2022.35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T13:30:26Z","timestamp":1660915826000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3 replacement therapy in a primary healthcare setting: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Esmail","family":"Mohammad Alayed Albarri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Wajbah Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar E-mail: esmilbarri@yahoo.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Sameer Alnuaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Affairs - Clinical Research, Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Abdelghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Wajbah Health Center, Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar E-mail: esmilbarri@yahoo.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"32:","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Diet Ref Intakes Calcium Vitam D","first-page":"75\u2013134","article-title":"Overview of vitamin D","volume":"2003;"},{"key":"CIT0002","series-title":"J Med Biochem","first-page":"185\u2013188 p","article-title":"Medical biochemistry","volume":"2017;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports","first-page":"182\u201390","article-title":"Vitamin D and human skeletal muscle","volume":"20","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"2015:","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"BioMed Res Int","first-page":"109275","article-title":"Links between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"2015;"},{"issue":"(4):","key":"CIT0005","series-title":"Journal","first-page":"223\u20136","article-title":"Mediterranean","volume":"28","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"2014:","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"J Diabetes Res","first-page":"869307","article-title":"Vitamin D status and its relationship with metabolic markers in persons with obesity and type 2 diabetes in the UAE: A cross-sectional study","volume":"2014;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Diabetes","first-page":"504\u20137","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor allele combinations influence genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Germans","volume":"49","year":"2000;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Bone","first-page":"1\u20137","article-title":"Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem","volume":"23","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"(8):","key":"CIT0009","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e029334","article-title":"Vitamin D status among adults (18\u201365 years old) attending primary healthcare centres in Qatar: A cross-sectional analysis of the Electronic Medical Records for the year 2017","volume":"9","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"BMC Pediatr","first-page":"53","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge","volume":"15","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Arch Osteoporos","first-page":"190","article-title":"Increasing trends and significance of hypovitaminosis D: A population-based study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1856\u201362","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country: Relation to lifestyle and bone markers","volume":"15","year":"2000;"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health","first-page":"55\u201362","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D levels, awareness among Lebanese pharmacy 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Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74;","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"1\u201312","article-title":"Epidemiological health assessment in primary healthcare in the State of Qatar- 2019","volume":"2021;","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0025"},{"issue":"2021:","key":"CIT0026","first-page":"296\u2013304","article-title":"Auto-mapping clinical documents to ICD-10 using SNOMED-CT.","volume":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0027"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"BMC Endocr Disord","first-page":"12","article-title":"Differential effects of vitamin D2 and D3 supplements on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level are dose, sex, and time dependent: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17;","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"9:","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"969\u201377","article-title":"Evaluating vitamin D repletion regimens and effects in veteran patients","volume":"49;","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"973\u20139","article-title":"Serum concentrations of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in response to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation","volume":"98;","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"204\u201310","article-title":"Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol","volume":"77;","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"4:","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Nutrients","first-page":"2311\u201323","article-title":"Moderate amounts of vitamin D3 in supplements are effective in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D from low baseline levels in adults: A systematic review","volume":"7;","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"8:","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"2062\u201372","article-title":"Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets","volume":"116;","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"2:","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Scand J Rheumatol","first-page":"149\u201353","article-title":"The tolerability and biochemical effects of high-dose bolus vitamin D2 and D3 supplementation in patients with vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"38;","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"American Society for Nutrition","article-title":"Elina, Hyppo nen. Jacqueline, Berry. Reinhold, Vieth and SL-N. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [Internet]","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0036","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"E447\u201352","article-title":"Vitamin D(3) is more potent than vitamin D(2) in humans","volume":"96;","year":"2011;"},{"issue":"11:","key":"CIT0037","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"5387\u201391","article-title":"Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans","volume":"89;","year":"2004;"},{"issue":"6:","key":"CIT0038","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"1350\u20136","article-title":"Relative effectiveness of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 in raising wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults","volume":"95;","year":"2012;"},{"issue":"4:","key":"CIT0039","series-title":"J Am Coll Nutr","first-page":"359\u201365","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D: Necessary for public health","volume":"34;","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"9:","key":"CIT0040","series-title":"Eur J Clin 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years old) attending primary healthcare centres in Qatar: A cross-sectional analysis of the Electronic Medical Records for the year 2017","volume":"9","year":"2019;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0010","series-title":"BMC Pediatr","first-page":"53","article-title":"Vitamin D status in Saudi school children based on knowledge","volume":"15","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Arch Osteoporos","first-page":"190","article-title":"Increasing trends and significance of hypovitaminosis D: A population-based study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"9","year":"2014;"},{"issue":"(9):","key":"CIT0012","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1856\u201362","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in a sunny country: Relation to lifestyle and bone markers","volume":"15","year":"2000;"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0013","series-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health","first-page":"55\u201362","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin D levels, awareness among Lebanese pharmacy 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600,000 IU of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol: Implications for treatment and prophylaxis","volume":"98;","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"8:","key":"CIT0018","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"3015\u201320","article-title":"Short and long-term variations in serum calciotropic hormones after a single very large dose of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the elderly","volume":"93;","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"4:","key":"CIT0019","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"854\u20138","article-title":"Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2","volume":"68;","year":"1998;"},{"issue":"11:","key":"CIT0020","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4339\u201345","article-title":"Bioavailability of vitamin D(2) and D(3) in healthy volunteers, a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"98;","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0021","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"677\u201381","article-title":"Vitamin D2 is as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"93;","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"6:","key":"CIT0022","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"1621\u20136","article-title":"Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults","volume":"91;","year":"2010;"},{"issue":"224:","key":"CIT0023","series-title":"Rev Iberoam","first-page":"685\u2013701","article-title":"Reinhold Vieth and SL-N. Comparison of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74;","year":"2008;"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0024","series-title":"Qatar Med J","first-page":"1\u201312","article-title":"Epidemiological health assessment in primary healthcare in the State of Qatar- 2019","volume":"2021;","year":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0025"},{"issue":"2021:","key":"CIT0026","first-page":"296\u2013304","article-title":"Auto-mapping clinical documents to ICD-10 using SNOMED-CT.","volume":"2021;"},{"key":"CIT0027"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0028","series-title":"BMC Endocr Disord","first-page":"12","article-title":"Differential effects of vitamin D2 and D3 supplements on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level are dose, sex, and time dependent: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"17;","year":"2017;"},{"issue":"9:","key":"CIT0029","series-title":"Ann Pharmacother","first-page":"969\u201377","article-title":"Evaluating vitamin D repletion regimens and effects in veteran patients","volume":"49;","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"3:","key":"CIT0030","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"973\u20139","article-title":"Serum concentrations of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in response to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation","volume":"98;","year":"2013;"},{"issue":"1:","key":"CIT0031","series-title":"Am J Clin Nutr","first-page":"204\u201310","article-title":"Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol","volume":"77;","year":"2003;"},{"issue":"4:","key":"CIT0032","series-title":"Nutrients","first-page":"2311\u201323","article-title":"Moderate amounts of vitamin D3 in supplements are effective in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D from low baseline levels in adults: A systematic review","volume":"7;","year":"2015;"},{"issue":"8:","key":"CIT0033","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"2062\u201372","article-title":"Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets","volume":"116;","year":"2006;"},{"issue":"2:","key":"CIT0034","series-title":"Scand J Rheumatol","first-page":"149\u201353","article-title":"The tolerability and biochemical effects of high-dose bolus vitamin D2 and D3 supplementation in patients with vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"38;","year":"2009;"},{"key":"CIT0035","series-title":"American Society for Nutrition","article-title":"Elina, Hyppo nen. 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