{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:15:48Z","timestamp":1779927348146,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: COVID-19 infection has been spreading across the globe since the end of 2019, and it continues to cause chronic multi-system sequelae, of which thyroid dysfunction appears to be the major one. We have discussed here 10 cases of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: Case series report. From October 2020 to July 2021, a series of 10 cases of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 infection were recorded and managed in a single outpatient endocrine center in Doha, Qatar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Cases presentation: We have reported 5 cases of Graves's hyperthyroidism, 2 of chronic primary hypothyroidism (including one with Grave's disease [GD]) who was treated through radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, one case of subacute thyroiditis, one case with \u201cSick euthyroid disease,\u201d and one case of central hypothyroidism. Presently, patients with GD are being treated with carbimazole and those with hypothyroidism are being treated with levothyroxine. The remaining patients had recovered with euthyroid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: This is the largest case series reported from a single center to date. The findings of this series indicate a bimodal distribution of thyroid dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. A review of the literature and discussion of potential pathophysiological mechanisms has been presented. We have emphasized the importance of screening for thyroid dysfunction in \u201cpost-COVID-19\u201d cases, considering that the prevalence may be underestimated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5339\/qmj.2022.39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T10:30:33Z","timestamp":1659695433000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bimodal distribution of thyroid dysfunction triggered by COVID-19 Infection: An experience from a single endocrine center\u2014a case series and literature review"],"prefix":"10.5339","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Tarik","family":"Elhadd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: tarikelhadd58@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajiha","family":"Gul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: tarikelhadd58@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Dabbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: tarikelhadd58@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: tarikelhadd58@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Section, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar E-mail: tarikelhadd58@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3277","reference":[{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0001","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","first-page":"106054","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A global pandemic and treatment strategies","volume":"56","year":"2020"},{"issue":"(1):","key":"CIT0002","series-title":"Infect Dis Pover","first-page":"45","article-title":"Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene AEC in a wide variety of human tissues","volume":"9","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(5):","key":"CIT0003","series-title":"J Endocrinol Invest","first-page":"891\u2013904","article-title":"The cytokine storm and thyroid hormone changes in COVID-19","volume":"44","year":"2021;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0004","series-title":"J Cell Physiol","first-page":"2204\u20132216","article-title":"The pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune diseases: New T lymphocytes-cytokines circuit beyond the Th1-Th2 paradigm","volume":"234","year":"2019;"},{"key":"CIT0005"},{"issue":"177:","key":"CIT0006","series-title":"Antiviral Res","first-page":"104759","article-title":"A potential role for integrins in host cell entry by SARS-CoV-2","year":"2020;"},{"issue":"(2):","key":"CIT0007","series-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol","first-page":"111\u2013121","article-title":"Nongenomic actions of thyroid hormones","volume":"12","year":"2016;"},{"issue":"(3):","key":"CIT0008","series-title":"Endocr Res","first-page":"210\u2013215","article-title":"Coronaviruses and integrins \u03b1v\u03b23; 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